CANADIAN MILITARY JOURNAL Vol. 16, No. 4, Autumn 2016 Vol. 16, No. 4, Autumn 2016 CONTENTS 3 EDITOR’S CORNER 4 LETTER TO THE EDITOR CANADA AND THE WORLD 5 A Response to Climate Change: Evolving the Business of the Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) by Claire Bramma Cover HMCS Winnipeg is backlit by the DEFENCE PROCUREMENT early morning sun as it sails 16 “From a Beetle to a Porsche:” The Purchase of the Leopard C1 Tank for during Exercise Jointex 15, as the Canadian Army part of NATO’s Exercise Trident by Frank Maas Juncture, 31 October 2015. 28 Guns, Funds and Power: Defence Spending, Regime Type and the Credit: DND photo Implications for Canada HS2015-0838-L041-003 by Joshua Horlings by Leading Seaman Peter Frew POLITICAL SCIENCE 39 China’s Re-emergence: Assessing Civilian-Military Relations in the Contemporary Era by Kurtis Simpson MILITARY PERSONNEL 53 Transitioning from Military to Civilian Life: Examining the Final Step in a Military Career by Dave Blackburn VIEWS AND OPINIONS A Response to Climate 62 The Foundations of Inclusive Leadership Change: Evolving the by Joseph Harding Business of the Disaster 68 A Doctrine for Individual Training and Education Assistance Response by Julie Maillé and Louise Baillargeon Team (DART) COMMENTARY 72 Consultation and the Defence Policy Review by Martin Shadwick 79 BOOK REVIEWS “From a Beetle to a Porsche:” The Purchase of the Leopard C1 Tank for the Canadian Army Canadian Military Journal/Revue militaire canadienne is the official professional journal of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence. It is published quarterly under authority of the Minister of National Defence. Opinions expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces, Canadian Military Journal, or any agency of the Government of Canada. Crown copyright is retained. Articles may be reproduced with permission of the Editor, on condition that appropriate credit is given to Canadian Military Journal. Each issue of the Journal is published simultaneously in print and electronic versions; it is available on the Internet at www.Canada.ca/canadian-military-journal. ISSN 1492-465X Vol. 16, No. 4, Autumn 2016 • Canadian Military Journal 1 How to Contact Us CANADIAN Canadian Military Journal MILITARY PO Box 17000, Station Forces Kingston, Ontario JOURNAL CANADA, K7K 7B4 www.journal.forces.gc.ca Fax: (613) 541-6866 E-mail: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Translation David L. Bashow Translation Bureau, (613) 541-5010 ext. 6148 Public Services and Procurement Canada [email protected] Publication Manager Commentary Claire Chartrand Martin Shadwick (613) 541-5010 ext. 6837 [email protected] Editorial Advisor Guns, Funds and Power: Michael Boire Defence Spending Regime Type and the Implications for Canada Oversight Committee Chairman Major-General J.G.E. Tremblay, Commander, Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Members Mr. David L. Bashow, Editor-in-Chief, Brigadier-General S.G. Friday, Commandant Canadian Military Journal (CMJ) Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Colonel Marty Cournoyer, representing Major Chris Young, representing Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Chief of Staff Army Strategy Dr. H.J. Kowal, Principal, Lieutenant-Colonel Kimberley Maynard, China’s Re-emergence: Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Director Canadian Forces Military Law Centre Assessing Civilian- (CFMLC), Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Commander Hugues Canuel, representing Military Relations in Chief of the Maritime Staff (CMS) Ms. Hanya Soliman, representing Chief of the the Contemporary Era Defence Intelligence (CDI) Editorial Board Dr. Douglas Bland Philippe Lagassé Major (ret’d) Michael Boire Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) David Last Major Bernard Dionne Dr. Chris Madsen Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Douglas Delaney Dr. Sean Maloney Dr. Rocky J. Dwyer Professor Brian McKercher Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Michael Goodspeed Dr. Paul Mitchell Major-General (ret’d) Daniel Gosselin Dr. Nezih Mrad Transitioning from Major John Grodzinski Dr. Scot Robertson Military to Civilian Life: Dr. David Hall Professor Stéphane Roussel Examining the Final Professor Michael Hennessy Professor Elinor Sloan Step in a Military Career Colonel Bernd Horn Chief Warrant Officer G.R.C. McCann Professor Hamish Ion Colonel (ret’d) Randall Wakelam NOTE TO READERS As a bilingual journal, readers should take note that where citations are translated from their original language, the abbreviation [TOQ] at the end of the note, which stands for “translation of original quote”, indicates to the readers that the original citation can be found in the published version of the Journal in the other official language. 2 Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 16, No. 4, Autumn 2016 EDITOR’S CORNER s I write these words, autumn has yet to bring civilian-military (civ-mil) relations.” To that end, the author places its cooling balm to the eastern portion of the civ-mil relations in an historical context, highlights evolving trend Great White North, but nonetheless, a hearty lines in Chinese Communist Party/People’s Liberation Army welcome to yet another autumn edition of the relations (including tensions), and provides a “…cursory assess- A Canadian Military Journal. ment of early signals or indications of future friction points.” A truly eclectic menu of offerings this time out… Taking the Rounding off our major articles, Professor Dave Blackburn, point, professional engineer Lieutenant-Colonel Claire Bramma a former CAF social work officer (major) and an authority with discusses the Canadian Armed Forces Disaster Assistance Response respect to social sciences and the sociology of health, examines Team (DART), its mandate, and the ramifications of global climate that often turbulent period surrounding a member’s release from the change with respect to that mandate. This excellent formation, Canadian Armed Forces and the concomitant transition to civilian which is tasked with “…assisting civil authorities in disaster life. In reality, the terms of release vary drastically. Therefore, response efforts as part of their overall mandate to contribute in the author’s words, “…the CAF must consider all releases to peace and security, as well as to uphold Canada’s values and individually. The intention of this article is to present thoughts interests,” not only performs these functions domestically, but is and discussion on the last step of a person’s military career and also tasked “… to meet [both] international and domestic requests to provide a military-civilian transition process model.” for help and underscores Canada’s resolve to support disaster victims anywhere in the world.” Given that mandate, Lieutenant- We then offer two very different opinion pieces for Colonel Bramma offers, “In light of the impacts of climate change, consideration in this issue. In the first, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph it is worth investigating how the DART should evolve to ensure Harding, currently a Training Development Officer at Military relevance and responsiveness as it matures.” Personnel Generation Headquarters (MILPERSGEN HQ) in Kingston, Ontario, and a former combat arms officer (artillery), Next, Dr. Frank Maas, who teaches at Fanshawe College in presents “…a proposal for Inclusive Leadership in the context London, Ontario, chronicles one of the most successful acquisitions of education, with a direct application to the three Employment in the history of Canada’s armed forces, namely, the purchase of Equity Groups of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It will the German Leopard C1 main battle tank at the height of the Cold include a description of chosen concepts that will connect to War. While proving to be an excellent successor to the British inclusive leadership – one pertaining to inclusiveness, and two Centurion, perhaps the most significant ‘takeaway’ from this pertaining to leadership, both transformational and participative.” article is the lessons the acquisition provided for future defence Next, Major Julie Maillé and Ms. Louise Baillargeon, both also procurement activities. associated with training development at MILPERSGEN HQ, explore the world of writing doctrine with respect to individual One of the Canadian Military Journal’s most important aims training and education in the CAF, suggesting that such writing is a is to encourage young voices with respect to defence consider- challenge in itself. In their words, “To remain relevant, doctrine ations. To that end, and also with reference to defence procurement, must be flexible and must incorporate emerging concepts and les- although on a more general level, Second Lieutenant Joshua sons learned. More specifically, it must encompass the generational Horlings, a recent Honours graduate of the Royal Military College diversity of the new waves of learners. It must also be open to of Canada, and an armoured officer under training, suggests the all innovative approaches in the field of training and education. following: “Democracies consistently spend huge amounts on Doctrine is never fixed; it is always evolving.” defence while actually devoting only a small percentage of their GDP to defence. Autocracies, on the other hand, devote larger Then, our own Martin Shadwick rolls up his sleeves percentages of their GDP to defence, while generally spending and examines the Justin Trudeau government’s initiatives to small amounts overall. This difference in spending habits between harvest academic, parliamentary,