UNITEDUnited STATESstates senatesenate COMMITTEEcommittee ONon FOREIGNforeign RELATIONSrelations STUDY GUIDE United states senate committee on foreign relations indexindex Secretariat welcoming letter..............................................8 USG for Specialized Agencies welcoming letter..........9 dais welcoming letter............................................................10 Motivation from fellow congressmen.........................12 Presentation of the Committee..........................................14 6 indexindex 21.....................................................................................Procedure 22............................................Topic A: US-China Trade Relations 27....................................Topic B: Middle East Diplomatic Crisis and Fight Against Terrorism 31...............................................................................................References 7 SECRETARIAT WELCOMING LETTER Dear Delegates, It is with honor and pride that the Secretariat wishes to welcome you to Universidad de Los Andes’ MUN’s eighth edition, MONUA 2019. My name is Juan Camilo Romero, an Economics and History Major here at Universidad de Los Andes. It is with gratitude that I invite you to enjoy this committee in the best way possible and profit the most from its possibilities. Along with Santiago Paz, Economics and Law major from the same institution, we would like to make you feel the same passion we feel for international relations, economic and political situations and intellectual debates that surround not only our reality, but that have shaped the world we know. In agreement with this edition’s academic structure and preparation, MONUA 2019’s goal is to make of its´ committees the most educational and memorable experience for any kind of delegate. From newbies to the most experienced, each delegate will have the possibility to motivate him or herself to be better for his own profit and to fight their fears. Each participant this year is not only called upon to relish and benefit from all the amenities provided by the conference, along with the opportunities to get to enlarge their own world but is also called to the duty of breaking the boundaries of their own capabilities. The academic team that has prepared this experience, from dais members to ourselves as the secretariat, is extremely proud of the result you will soon witness. This experience will reveal new realities, new challenges and an infinity of possibilities that will enable you to mold the world at your will whilst being conscious of the other to set the path towards being a better person and a better member of society. Delegates, by making part of a committee in MONUA 2019, you assert your character and your capacities. You also confirm having a commitment to yourselves and your surroundings. You certify your responsibility of being leaders that, just as our alma mater’s motto states, go beyond the duty. We expect this dream to motivate you just as much it has motivated us from the beginning and from here on until memory permits it. Face the impossible, face your mind and face the odds. Welcome. Juan Camilo Romero Santiago Paz Secretary-General MONUA 2019 Secretary-General MONUA 2019 8 Dear delegates, It is an honor to welcome you to the Undersecretary for Special- ized Agencies of MONUA 2019. My name is Maria Paula Gómez Gómez, a Law student with a minor in Economics from Universi- dad de los Andes, and I will be your Undersecretary General for Specialized Agencies. You have decided to challenge yourselves in the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, a committee that has never been seen before in the national circuit, and that I have entrusted to two brilliant people who will guide you throughout the process: Santiago Castillo and Julian Ricardo Padilla. Ever since Donald Trump raised as President of the United States, the United States’ role in the world has been strongly questioned, be it by words or by actions. What is its geopolitical role now- adays? The Unites States is in charge of leading foreign-policy legislation and debate within the Senate. It is one of the legislative powers that checks upon the actions, regarding foreign policy, done by the executive branch. Are you ready to challenge Trump’s policy? Welcome again and see you at the Undersecretary General for Specialized Agencies of MONUA 2019! usg for specialized agencies welcoming letter 9 DAIS WELCOMING LETTER Dear Delegates, Welcome to MONUA’s United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations! My name is Julian Padilla and I will be one of the board members of the committee. I’m 22 years old, currently working as a commercial pilot and studying business administration in Universidad EAN. I have been involved in MUN since High School, and I have been part of several models. After I graduated from school, I had the privilege of being part of MONUA 2018. One of my mentors in this amazing academic activity is Juan Camilo Romero, the current Secretary General and I thank him for entrusting me, along with the other undersecretaries, this job. Throughout the decades the United States of America has had a strong presence all over the globe, with a foreign policy that affects most, not to say all, of the states of the international community in terms of defense, economics, human rights, fight against terrorism and the war on drugs, among other issues. The key characters of the US foreign policy are the ongoing administration, leaded by the President, and the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. This is why we see fit to introduce this committee in MONUA 2019. I will be happy to help and guide you through the debates and activities. Also, I hope not only that you learn from all the staff and partners, but also that we learn from you. So feel free to contact me if you have any inquiry or doubt. Best Regards, Julián Ricardo Padilla Sánchez Board Member - USCFR 10 Delegates, Receive a very warm welcome to MONUA 2019 and to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. My name is Santiago Castillo, and for me it is an honor to be leading over this commission for MONUA 2019. Currently, I am in tenth grade at Colegio San Carlos and I have been involved in Model United Nations since 2014. During these five years, I have had the opportunity of being part of several school and univer- sity conferences as a delegate, president, board member and crisis agent, being able to learn something new from each and every one of them. In this opportunity, I welcome you all to this commission filled with high expectations and trusting your debate and negotiation skills. Moreover, I deeply believe that a MUN conference should not only be understood as an academic experience, but also as a social one; hence, I encourage you to grow both as delegates and as individuals, and to give the best of yourselves. Please take as much advantage as possible of this new opportunity, learn from others, improve your skills and enjoy the experience. Lastly,this committee is not a common one. Throughout the three days of the event, you will take the role of US senators, and will have to defend your country and your beliefs from your charac- ter’s point of view. Your actions during this meeting will have se- rious repercussions on the path the United States’ foreign policy is to take. Therefore, be aware of your responsibility, and make sure you appreciate this experience to the fullest. If you have any doubt, both Julian and I would be delighted to help you in any- thing you need. Do not hesitate on contacting us. Sincerely, Santiago Castillo Sepúlveda Board Member USCFR 11 MOTIVATION FROM FELLOW CONGRESSMAN Esteemed Colleagues, I am happy to introduce you to the next joint session of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, which will take place in the following days. As you know we will address two important and controversial issues: the trade war we, as the United States of America, have been waging against China, deepened by the actions of President Trump, and a general revision of the U.S. approach to the Middle East and the war on terror. The trade war we have been waging with China has affected many aspects of the US economy, domestic and international. Tensions with longtime allies, American jobs being affected, American companies suffering in the stock exchange, and many other stakeholders have been affected by the consequences of this controversy involving President Xi Jinping’s expansion plan. However, the diplomatic crisis in Middle East, especially with countries like Qatar, has created new tensions in the area and has brought new difficulties in the fight against terrorism and we need to approach it in a more effective way. We share a duty with the people of the United States to protect their interests and help the current government to approach both topics in the most accurate way. We have to work through both debates motivated by the wellbeing the United States of America deserves on its own territory, but also overseas. Sincerely, Senator Bob Corker (Julián Padilla) Tennessee Chairman Committee on Foreign Relations US Senate 12 Dear fellow Senators, I feel much honored to invite you all to the next meeting of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. As the Ranking Member of the commission, I earnestly encourage you to be aware of your power and responsibility, especially at this point in time where our country’s foreign relations may be essential for guaranteeing the welfare of all Americans. United States’ position and future actions regarding our trading policies and relations with the Middle East highly depends on you, so both, Senator Corker and me, expect the best results from these upcoming session. Very truly yours, Senator Bob Menendez (Santiago Castillo) Ranking Member of the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate 13 Presentation of the Committee Expectations that you should have for the within the Presidential Council.