La recepción de la narrativa francesa medieval en el País de Gales durante la Edad Media: Los casos de Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn y Cân Rolant Cordo, Luciana Russo Delpy, María Silvia 2015 Tesis presentada con el fin de cumplimentar con los requisitos finales para la obtención del título Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Letras Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Carrera de Letras Tesis doctoral The reception of medieval French narrative in medieval Wales: the case of Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn and Cân Rolant Directora de tesis: María Silvia Delpy Co-directora de tesis: Sioned Mair Davies Doctoranda: Luciana Mabel Cordo Russo DNI: 31.380.063 Expediente: 860.803/10 Tel. 15-6531-1555 E-mail: [email protected] - 2014 - Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Carrera de Letras Tesis doctoral The reception of medieval French narrative in medieval Wales: the case of Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn and Cân Rolant Directora de tesis: María Silvia Delpy Co-directora de tesis: Sioned Mair Davies Doctoranda: Luciana Mabel Cordo Russo - 2014 - Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. v PART I ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Translating in Medieval Wales: Research Questions ....................................................... 4 1.3 Intercultural Exchange between Wales and France in the Central Middle Ages .............. 7 1.3.1 Linguistic and non-linguistic evidence of contacts between Wales and France ......... 8 PART II ................................................................................................................................ 16 2. Wales in the thirteenth-century: literary and historical context ........................................ 17 3. Chrétien de Troyes' Le chevalier au lion and its Middle Welsh ‗translation‘ Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn ............................................................................................................. 25 3.1 Chrétien de Troyes: Le chevalier au lion ...................................................................... 25 3.2. Formal devices and major themes ................................................................................ 26 3.3 Manuscript tradition and editions .................................................................................. 28 3.4 Le chevalier au lion in a European context: medieval translations of the text ................ 29 3.5. Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn: Manuscript tradition and modern editions ...................... 31 3.6 The date and place of composition ................................................................................ 35 3.7 Literature review: beyond the source problem .............................................................. 37 4. La chanson de Roland and its Middle Welsh translation Cân Rolant .............................. 47 4.1 Textual transmission: the versions of La chanson de Roland ........................................ 47 4.2 The tradition of Carolingian epic in France ................................................................... 50 4.3 Medieval translations: the challenge of translating La chanson de Roland .................... 52 4.4 The epic poem as genre ................................................................................................ 55 4.5 Cân Rolant: textual transmission, modern editions and literature review ....................... 58 4.6 The problem of source .................................................................................................. 65 4.7 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 67 PART III ............................................................................................................................... 71 5. Translation in Medieval Wales ....................................................................................... 72 5.1 Chrétien's Yvain as the source of Iarlles: reappraisal and antecedents ........................... 77 5.2 Translation in the Middle Ages: general survey and contemporary scholarly attitudes .. 79 5.3 Critical terminology: redefining translation .................................................................. 84 5.4 Modern Translation Studies: What can Modern Theories add to our understanding of Middle Welsh Translations? ............................................................................................... 88 5.5 Narratology and Reception Theories ............................................................................. 92 ii 5.6 Closing remarks ........................................................................................................... 95 PART IV .............................................................................................................................. 96 6. Translating the ―matière de France‖: The case of Cân Rolant ......................................... 97 6.1 General shift: genre ...................................................................................................... 98 6.2 Unit of translation ......................................................................................................... 99 6.3 Macro-textual level....................................................................................................... 99 6.3.1 Narrative structure ............................................................................................... 100 6.3.2 Abridgement ........................................................................................................ 106 6.3.3 Additions ............................................................................................................. 112 6.3.3.1 Expansions ........................................................................................................ 112 6.3.3.2 Explicitation ..................................................................................................... 119 6.3.3.3 Exemplification ................................................................................................. 121 6.4 The micro-textual level ............................................................................................... 122 6.4.1 Lexical change ..................................................................................................... 123 6.4.1.1 Substitutions ..................................................................................................... 124 Predictable substitutions ............................................................................................... 125 Unpredictable substitutions ........................................................................................... 129 Unpredictable substitutions: Amherawdyr and teulu ...................................................... 133 6.4.1.2 Circumlocutions ................................................................................................ 138 6.4.1.3 Adoptions ......................................................................................................... 139 6.4.2 Syntax .................................................................................................................. 140 6.4.3 Style .................................................................................................................... 151 6.4.3.1 Terms of address and politeness ........................................................................ 151 6.4.3.2 Speech and greetings ......................................................................................... 152 6.4.3.3 Formulaic style ................................................................................................. 155 6.5 Conclusions: considerations about norms of translation for Cân Rolant ...................... 157 7. Translating the ―matière de Bretagne‖: Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn ............................. 161 7.1 Fabula and story: Narrative Structure ......................................................................... 162 7.2 The story .................................................................................................................... 165 7.2.1 Narrative motivation ............................................................................................ 176 7.2.2 Characterization ................................................................................................... 187 The Giant herdsman ................................................................................................................ 188 Yvain / Owein ......................................................................................................................... 189 Arthur ...................................................................................................................................... 194 Kei, Kynon, and Gwalchmei ................................................................................................... 195 Feminine characters ................................................................................................................ 197 7.3 Text ...........................................................................................................................