STATUTORY REVIEW OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT Report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology Dan Ruimy, Chair JUNE 2019 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION The proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees are hereby made available to provide greater public access. The parliamentary privilege of the House of Commons to control the publication and broadcast of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees is nonetheless reserved. All copyrights therein are also reserved. Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. 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To assist the reader: A list of abbreviations used in this report is available on page xv STANDING COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHAIR Dan Ruimy VICE-CHAIRS Dan Albas Brian Masse MEMBERS Hon. Michael D. Chong David de Burgh Graham Richard Hébert (Parliamentary Secretary — Non-Voting Member) Majid Jowhari Dane Lloyd Alaina Lockhart (Parliamentary Secretary — Non-Voting Member) Lloyd Longfield Rémi Massé (Parliamentary Secretary – Non-Voting Member) John Oliver Marc Serré (Parliamentary Secretary — Non-Voting Member) Terry Sheehan Kate Young (Parliamentary Secretary — Non-Voting Member) OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT WHO PARTICIPATED Charlie Angus Vance Badawey Hon. Larry Bagnell Frank Baylis Hon. Maxime Bernier Bob Bratina Pierre Breton Richard Cannings iii Colin Carrie Celina Caesar-Chavannes Alupa A. Clarke Julie Dabrusin Gérard Deltell Kerry Diotte Terry Duguid Neil R. Ellis Darren Fisher Peter Fonseca Jacques Gourde T.J. Harvey Matt Jeneroux Hon. Peter Kent Karmal Khera Karen Ludwig Larry Maguire Michael V. McLeod Pierre Nantel Mary Ng Alexander Nuttall Robert-Falcon Ouellette Anne Minh-Thu Quach Ruby Sahota Raj Saini Darrell Samson Brigitte Sansoucy Bev Shipley Wayne Stetski Brad Trost Dan Vandal Cathy Wagantall iv CLERK OF THE COMMITTEE Michel Marcotte LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT Parliamentary Information and Research Service David Groves, Analyst Sarah Lemelin-Bellerose, Analyst Francis Lord, Analyst Maxime-Olivier Thibodeau, Analyst Jean Dupuis, Research Assistant v THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY has the honour to present its SIXTEENTH REPORT Pursuant to the Order of Reference of Wednesday, December 13, 2017, the Committee has reviewed the Copyright Act and has agreed to report the following: vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAIR’S FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................ XIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. XV SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. 1 LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 3 STATUTORY REVIEW OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT ...................................................................... 11 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 11 LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS, 2012–2017 ......................................................................................... 12 Legislation ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Notable Decisions ......................................................................................................................... 13 STATUTORY REVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 17 Approach, Evidence and Campaigns ..................................................................................... 17 The Contribution of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage ........................................................................................................................ 18 Concurrent Developments ........................................................................................................ 18 FairPlay Canada ..................................................................................................................... 18 Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement .................................................................. 19 European Union Copyright Directive............................................................................. 19 Bill C-86 ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Future Reviews and Legislative Complexity ...................................................................... 21 INDIGENOUS MATTERS .................................................................................................................... 26 RIGHTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 Term Extension, Reversion Right and Termination Right ............................................ 32 ix Artist’s Resale Right ..................................................................................................................... 39 Crown Copyright ........................................................................................................................... 43 Definition of Sound Recordings .............................................................................................. 46 Ownership of Cinematographic Works ................................................................................ 48 Ownership of AI-Generated Works ....................................................................................... 50 Remuneration Right for Journalistic Works....................................................................... 52 Retransmission Right .................................................................................................................. 53 EXCEPTIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 55 Educational Fair Dealing ............................................................................................................ 55 Institutional Exceptions ............................................................................................................. 65 Exhaustive or Illustrative Fair Dealing................................................................................. 66 Technological Protection Measures and Contract Overrides ...................................... 69 User-Generated Content ............................................................................................................ 72 Technological Exceptions .......................................................................................................... 74 Safe Harbour Provisions ..................................................................................................... 74 Other Technological Exceptions ...................................................................................... 83 Informational Analysis ..............................................................................................................