Appendix 1: Books Most Frequently Shipped by the Morning Meeting to Colonial Quakers All titles were examined at the LSF and measurements are author’s own. For full titles, see Bibliography. Author Short title Date Number of ‘Quaker’ Size in cm pages on cover Robert Barclay A Catechism 1674 190 no 14 × 9. 5 (initials on and Confession (bound) cover) of Faith,second edition (ESTC R231196) Robert Barclay Apology 1678 392 In subtitle 19. 5 × 15. 5 (name on (ESTC R1740) (bound) cover) Robert Barclay Thesis 1675 16 In subtitle 20 × 12 (name on Theologicae (unbound) cover) (ESTC R216281) John Crook Truth’s 1662 23 In subtitle 17 × 14 (name on Principles (ESTC (bound) cover) R204876) Thomas An Answer to 1696 232 In subtitle 17 × 11 Ellwood (name George Keith’s (bound) on cover) Narrative (ESTC R8140) George Fox & Instructions for 1691 161 no 12.5 × 7 Ellis Hookes Right Spelling (bound) (initials on (ESTC R40417) cover) William Penn AKey 1693 35 In subtitle 15.5 × 10.5 (name not on (ESTC R28422) (unbound) cover) 171 172 (Continued) Author Short title Date Number of ‘Quaker’ Size in cm pages on cover William Penn The Christian- 1674 163 In title 26 × 17 (names of Quaker and his (bound) authors on Divine cover) Testimony (ESTC R37076) William Penn The Harmony of 1696 236 In subtitle 16 × 10 et al. (names of Divine and (bound) authors on Heavenly cover) Doctrines (ESTC R218217) Alexander Pyot A Brief Apology 1694 86 In subtitle 15.5 × 12 et al. (names of (ESTC R35979) (bound) authors on cover) George The Christian 1693 20 In title 15 × 9 Whitehead Doctrin and (bound) (name not on Society of ye cover) People called Quakers (ESTC R233931) George Antichrist in 1692 32 In subtitle 15 × 9 Whitehead Flesh unmask’d (bound) (name not on (ESTC cover) R186514) George The Contemned 1692 94 In title 15 × 9 Whitehead Quaker (bound) (name not on (ESTC R26354) cover) George The Quakers 1694 4 In title 37 × 22.5 Whitehead Vindication (unbound) (name on against Francis cover) Bugg’s Calumnies (ESTC R35241) Joseph Wyeth Anguis 1699 548 no 18.5 × 11.5 (name on flagellates: or, a (bound) cover) Switch for the Snake (ESTC R16372) Source: LSF MSS MMM, V1–V4. Appendix 2: Ministers from England with Approval or Acknowledgement from the Morning Meeting to Travel to the Americas Minister Origin Date of Approval Robert Barrow Lancashire 1694 William Ellis Yorkshire (Settle Monthly Meeting) 1697 Aaron Atkinson Cumberland 1697 Thomas Turner Yorkshire (Linton) 1697 Thomas Chalkley London, (Horsleydown Monthly Meeting) 1697 Jacob Fallowfield Hertford 1699 Elizabeth Webb Gloucestershire 1699 Mary Rogers Nottinghamshire 1699 Thomas Story Cumberland 1699 Roger Gill London 1699 Richard Goves Possibly Pennsylvania 1700 Josiah Langdale Yorkshire 1700 John Richardson Yorkshire (Kelk Monthly Meeting) 1700 John Estaugh Essex (Dunmow) 1700 Samuel Bownas Westmoreland 1702 John Fothergill Yorkshire 1705 William Armitstead Yorkshire, later London 1705 John Farmer Essex 1711 Benjamin Holmes York 1715 Thomas Thompson Devon 1715 John Danson Lancashire (Swarthmoor Monthly 1718 Meeting) Isaac Hadwen Yorkshire 1718 Lydia Lancaster Westmoreland 1718 Elizabeth Rawlinson Lancaster 1718 Margaret Pain 1720 John Appleton Lincolnshire 1720 ? Kirk 1721 Lawrence King Yorkshire 1721 173 174 Appendix 2 (Continued) Minister Origin Date of Approval Benjamin Kidd Yorkshire (Settle Monthly Meeting) 1722/3 Joshua Fielding London (Bull and Mouth Monthly 1725 Meeting) William Piggott London (Ratcliff Monthly Meeting) 1725 Source: Names and dates from the LSF MSS MMM V1–V4, origins from source listed. The origins of the ministers were located in the following: • Robert Barrow, Aaron Atkinson, Thomas Turner, Jacob Fallowfield, Elizabeth Webb, Roger Gill, William Armitstead, John Danson, Isaac Hadwen, Elizabeth Rawlinson, and Lawrence—DQB. • James Backhouse—The Life and Correspondence of William and Alice Ellis, (London: Charles Gilpin, 1849), p. 1. • Thomas Chalkley—LSF MMM V2, p. 109. • Jacob Fallowfield—Myers, Quaker Arrivals in Philadelphia, 1682–1750: Being a List of Certificates of Removal Received at Philadelphia Monthly Meeting of Friends (Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Press, 1902), p. 18. • Thomas Story—Carla Gerona ‘Thomas Story’, ODNB Online. • Richard Goves—LSF MMM V3, p. 25. • John Richardson and John Estaugh—LSF MMM V3, p. 2. • Josiah Langdale—Josiah Langdale, 1673–1723, A Quaker Spiritual Autobiography, Gil Skidmore, ed. (Reading: Sowle Press, 1999). • Samuel Bownas—Gil Skidmore, ‘Samuel Bownas’, ODNB Online. • John Fothergill—Margaret DeLacy, ‘John Fothergill’, ODNB Online. • John Farmer—LSF MMM V3, p. 366. • Benjamin Holmes—LSF MMM V4, p. 78. • Thomas Thompson—LSF MMM V3, p. 2. • Lydia Lancaster—LSF MMM V4, p. 144. • John Appleton—LSF MMM V4, p. 179. • Benjamin Kidd—LSF MMM V4, p. 265. • Joshua Fielding—LSF MMM V4, p. 274. • William Piggot—LSF MMM V4, p. 280. Appendix 3: London Quaker Merchants in this Study Annis, John Daveson, John Kent, John Archer, George Diamond, Richard Kent, William Askew, John East, Robert Kirton, Benjamin Austell, Moses Eccleston, John Langley, Peter Barclay, David Eccleston, Theodor Lawrie, James Barker, Thomas Fairman, Robert Lawson, Samuel Barnard, John Falconer, John Lax, Nicholas Barnes, John Flexney, Daniel Lloyd, Thomas Barnes, William Forbes, Alexander Lovell, William Basely, John Forbes, Christian Low, Emmanual Beasley, John Ford, Philip Lurting, Thomas Benthall, Walter Gee, Joshua Lyell, James Bevan, Sylvanus Gouldney, Henry Marsh, Richard Birkes, William Groome, Samuel Mayleigh, Thomas Bond, Thomas Grove, John Medford, John Braine, Benjamin Grove, Joseph Miers, Walter Braine, James Grove, Sylvanus Moore, Joseph Briggins, Peter Gurnell, Jonathan Moore, John Burkhead, William Gurrell, Jonathan Morris, Thomas Burtwell, William Hagen, Jacob Moss, Thomas Camfield, Francis Haige, William Mucklow, Selby Chalkley, Thomas Haines, Richard Ormston, Joseph Chatwode, Isaac Haines, Joseph Osgood, Salem Clarke, Thomas Haistwell, Edward Padley, John Clay, Elizabeth Hale, Henry Partridge, Richard Clay, Samuel Hall, John Paterson, Alexander Claypoole, George Hanbury, John Perrin, Thomas Claypoole, James Harrison, Samuel Plumsted, Clement Coleman, Abraham Harrison, Thomas Plumsted, Thomas Coles, Sabian Hart, Thomas Poor, Richard Coward, William Harwood, John Pyle, Joseph Cox, John Haynes, Richard Quare, Daniel Coysgarne, John Heathcote, George Quare, Jeremiah Coysgarne, Joseph Hemming, Isaac Right, Joseph Crouch, William Higginson, Gilbert Roberts, Thomas Crow, John Hitchcock, John Rous, Nathaniel Curtis, Robert Hyam, Thomas Ruddle, John 175 176 Appendix 3 Ruddle/Rudley, Robert Story, Thomas Warrin/Warren, Ryddle, Benjamin Strutt, Joseph William Scantlebury, Robert Swinton, John West, Edward Scarth, Jonathan Taylor, John Williams, Christopher Shardlow, William Tellnar, Jacob Woods, John Smith, Thomas Tomkins, Thomas Wright, Joseph South, Humphrey Waite, Richard Wright, John Stacy, John Warner, Simeon Notes Introduction 1. Bernard Bailyn, ‘Introduction’, in The British Atlantic World, 1500–1800 (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), pp. xiv–xx (p. xv). 2. Thomas Chalkley, A collection of the works of that antient, faithful servant of Jesus Christ, Thomas Chalkley, who departed this life in the Island of Tortola, the fourth day of the ninth month, 1741; to which is prefix’d, a journal of his life, travels, and Christian experiences (London: Luke Hinde, 1751), p. 13. 3. Chalkley, A collection of the works, pp. 14–15. 4. Quakers developed a specific style for noting days of the week and months of the year, eschewing the use of names derived from pagan gods. Their style simply called Sunday ‘first day’, and so on through the week, and also numbered the months. However, before the change from the Julian to Gregorian calendar in the later eighteenth century, the first month of the calendar was March and therefore, the Quakers’ ‘first month’ referred to March, and so on through the year. 5. LSF MMM V2, pp. 200, 202; Chalkley, A collection of the works; pp. 13–15, and MfS minutes, XII, p. 32. 6. TNA London Port Books: E190/121/1 (Surveyor General of Tunnage and Poundage: Overseas: Imports by denizens, Xmas 1682–Xmas 1683); E190/115/1 (Surveyor General of Tunnage and Poundage: Overseas: Exports by Denizens, Xmas 1682–Xmas 1683); E190/159/1 (Surveyor of Customs: Overseas: Cloths and other goods exports by denizens, Xmas 1696–Xmas 1697); and E190/155/1 (Searcher, Overseas Exports, Xmas 1695–Xmas 1696). 7. George Fox, The Journal of George Fox, Rufus M. Jones, ed. (Richmond, IN: Friends United Press, 1976), p. 82. 8. Fox, The Journal (1976), p. 150. 9. John Punshon, Portrait in Grey: A Short History of the Quakers (London: Quaker Books, 2006), pp. 70–2. 10. Rosemary Moore, The Light in their Consciences: The Early Quakers in Britain 1646–1666 (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000), pp. 24, 27. 11. Leo Damrosch, ‘James Nayler, 1618–1660’, ODNB. 12. Punshon, Portrait in Grey, pp. 91–2. 13. William C. Braithwaite, The Second Period of Quakerism (London: Heritage Books, 1921), p. xxvii. 14. William C. Braithwaite, The Beginnings of Quakerism, 2nd edn (York: Sessions Book Trust, 1951), p. 309. 15. Braithwaite, The Beginnings of Quakerism, pp. 316–7. 16. ‘Convincement’ originally referred to a ‘two-stage experience common among the first Quakers. Initially, the Light would reveal a person’s sins, and he or she would be convicted of them. The same Light, however, would 177 178 Notes then set this person free from sin and release him or her into a new and renewed intimacy with God’. Modern usage more closely matches ‘con- version’. (Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr, Historical Dictionary of the Friends (Quakers) 2nd edn (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012), p. 88. 17. Braithwaite, The Beginnings of Quakerism, p. 308. 18. Ibid., pp. 156–7. 19. Moore, Light in their Consciences, pp. 24–5. 20. Ibid., p. 30. 21. Ibid., p. 140. 22. William Beck and T. Frederick Ball, The London Friends’ Meetings: Showing the Rise of the Society of Friends in London; Its Progress, and the Development of Its Discipline; With Accounts of the Various Meeting-Houses and Burial-Grounds, Their History and General Associations (London: F.