set up by Cornwallis, appointment of commissioners HISTORY MINOR of revenue and circuit. GOVERNORS-GENERAL AND VICEROYS OF INDIA : X. Lord Metcalfe 1835-1836 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN THEIR RULE New press law removing restrictions on the press in Governors-General India. I. Warren Hastings 1773-1785 XI. Lord Auckland 1836-1842 1. Regulating Act of 1773. 1. First Afghan War (1838-42) 2. Act of 1781, under which the powers of jurisdiction 2. Death of Ranjit Sing (1839). between the governor-general-in council and the XII. Lord Ellenborough 1842-1844 Supreme Court at Calcutta, were clerly divided. 1. Annexation of Sindh (1843). 3. Pitt's India Act of 1784. 2. War with Gwalior (1843). 4. The Rohilla War of 1774. XIII. Lord Hardinge I 1844-48 5. The First Maratha War in 1775-82 and the Treaty of 1. First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) and the Treaty of Lahore Salbai in 1782. (1846). 6. Second Mysore War in 1780-84. 2. Social reforms including abolition of female infanticide 7. Strained relationships with Chait Singh, the Maharaja and human sacrifice. of Benaras, which led to Hastings' subsequent XVI. Lord Dalhousie 1848-1856 impeachment in England. 1. Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49) and annexation of 8. foundation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784). Punjab (1849). II. Lord Crnwallis 1786-1793 2. Annexation of Lower Burma or Pegu (1852). 1. Third Mysore War (1790-92) and Treaty of 3. Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse and annexation Seringapatam (1792)/ of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambhalpur (1849), 2. Cornwallis Code (1793) incorporating several judicial Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854) and reforms, and separation of revenue administration and Awadh (1856). civil jurisdiction. 4. 'Wood's (Charles Wood, President of the Board of 3. Permanent Settlement of Bengal, 1793. Control) Educational Despatch' of 1854 and opening 4. Europeanisation of administrative machinery and of Anglo-vernacular schools and government colleges. introduction of civil services. 5. Railway Minute of 1853, and laying down of first railway III. Sir John Shore 1993-1798 line connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853. 1. Charter Act of 1793. 6. Telepgraph (4000 miles of telegraph lines to connect 2. Battle of Kharda between the Nizam and the Marathas Calcutta with Bombay, Madras and Peshawar) and (1795). postal (Post Office Act, 1854) reforms. IV. Lord Wellesley 1798-1805 7. Ganges Canal declared open (1854), establishment of 1. Introduction of the Subsidiary Alliance System (1798); separate public works department in every province first alliance with Nizam of Hyderabad. 8. Widow Remarriage Act (1856). 2. Fourth Mysore War (1799). XV. Lord Canning 1856-1857 3. Second Maratha War (1803-05) 1. Establishment of three universities at Calcutta, Madras 4. Took over the administration of Tanjore (1799), Surat and Bombay in 1857. (1800) and Carnatic (1801). 2. Revolt of 1857. 5. Treaty of Rassein (1802). VICEROYS V. Sir George Barlow 1805-1807 I. Lord Canning 1858-1862 Vellore Mutiny (1806). 1. Transfer of control from East India company to the VI. Lord Minto I 1807-1813 Crown, the Government of India Act, 1858. Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh (1809) 2. 'White Mutiny' by European troops in 1859. VII. Lord Hastings 1813-1823 3. Indian Councils Act of 1861. 1. Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16) and the Treaty of Sagauli, II. Lord Egin I 1862-1863 (Wahabi Movement) 1816. III. Lord John Lawrence 1864-1869 2. Third Maratha War (1817-19) and dissolution of Maratha 1. Bhutan War (1865) Confederacy; creation of Bombay Presidency (1818) 2. Setting up of the HIgh Courts at Calcutta, Bombay 3. Strife with Pindaris (1817-1818). and Madras (1865). 4. Treaty with Sindhia (1817). IV. Lord Mayo 1869-1872 5. Establishment of Ryotwari System by Thomas Munro, 1. Opening of the Rajkot College in Kathiawar and the governor of Madras (1820). Mayo college at Ajmer for political training of Indian VIII. Lord William Bentinck 1828-1835 princes. 1. Abolition of sati and other cruel rites (1829). 2. Establishment of Statistical Survey of India. 2. Suppression of thugi (1830). 3. Establishment of Department of Agriculture and 3. Charter Act of 1833. Commerce. 4. Resolution of 1835, and educational reforms and 4. Introduction of state railways. introduction of English as the official language. V. Lord Northbrook 1872-1876 5. Annexation of Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834) and Central 1. Visit of Prince of Wales in 1875. Cachar (1834). 2. Trial of Gaekwar of Baroda. 6. Treaty of 'perpetual friendship' with Ranjeet Singh. 3. Kuka Movement in Punjab. 7. Abolition of the provincial courts of appeal and circuit VI. Lord Lytton 1876-1880 1. Famine of 1876-78 affecting Madras, Bombay, Mysore, 2. Lucknow session of the Congress (1916) Hyderabad, parts of central India and Punjab; 3. Lucknow pact between the Congress and Muslim appointment of Famine Commission under the League (1916). presidence of Richard Strachery (1878). 4. Foundation of Sabarmati Ashram (1916) after Gandhi's 2. Royal Titles Act (1876), Queen Victoria assuming the return; launch of Champaran Satyagraha (1916), Kheda title of 'Kaiser-i-Hind or Queen Victoria assumping ther Satyagraha (1918), and Satyagraha at Ahmedabad Royal Titles Act (1876), Queen Victoria assuming the (1918). title of 'Kaiser-i-Hind' or Queen Empress of India. 5. Montagu'w August Declaration (1917). 3. The Vernacular Press Act (1878). 6. Government of India Act (1919). 4. The Arms Act (1878). 7. The Rowlatt Act (1919). 5. The Second Afghan War (1878-80). 8. Jallianwalla Bagh massacre (1919). VII. Lord Ripon 1880-1884 9. Launch of Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements. 1. Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882). 10.Foundation of Women's University at Poona (1916) 2. The first Factory Act (1881) to improve labour and appointment of Saddler's Commission (1917) for conditions. reforms in educational policy. 3. Continuation of financial decentralisation. 11.Death of Tilak (August 1, 1920) 4. Government resolution on local self-government (1882). 12. Appointment of S.P. Sinha as governor of Bihar (the 5. Appointment of Education Commission under first Indian to become a governor). chairmanship of Sir William Hunter (1882). XV. Lord Reading 1921-1926 6. The Ilbert Bill controversy (1883-84). 1. Chauri Chaura incident (February 5, 1922) and the 7. Rendition of Mysore. subsequent withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement. VIII. Lord Dufferin 1884-1888 2. Moplah rebellion in Kerala (1921). 1. The Third Burnese War (1885-86). 3. Repeal of the Press Act of 1910 and the Rowlatt Act of 2. Establishment of the Indian National Congress. 1919. IX. Lord Landowne 1888-1894 4. Criminal Law Amendment Act and abolition of cotton 1. Factory Act (1891). excise. 2. Categorisation of civil services into imperial, provisional 5. Communal riots in Multan, Amritsar, Delhi, Aligarh, Arvi and subordinate. and Calcutta. 3. Indian Councils Act (1892). 6. Kakori train robbery (1925). 4. Setting up of Durand Commission (1893) to define the 7. Murder of Swami Shraddhanand (1926). Durand Line between India and Afghanistan (now 8. Establishment of Swaraj Party by C.R. Das and Motilal between Pakistan and Afghanistan). Nehru (1922). X. Lord Elgin II 1894-1899 9. Decision to hold simultaneous examinations for the Two British officials assassinated by Chapekar brothers ICS both in Delhi and London, with effect from 1923. (1897). XVI. Lord Irwin 1926-1931 XI. Lord Curzon 1899-1905 1. Visit of Simon Commission to India (1928) and the 1. Appointment of Police Commission (1902) under Sir boycott of the commission by the Indians. Andrew Frazer to review police administration. 2. An All-Parties Conference held at Lucknow (1928) for 2. Appointment of Universities Commission (1902) and suggestions for the (future) Constitution of India, the passing of Indian Universities Act (1904). report of which was called the Nehru Report or the 3. Establishment of Department of Commerce and Nehure Constitution. Industry. 3. Appointment of the Harcourt Butler Indian States 4. Calcutta Corporation Act (1899). Commission (1927). 5. Ancient Monuments Preservation Act (1904). 4. Murder of Saunders, the assistant superintendent of 6. Partition of Bengal (1905). police of Lahore; bomb blast in the Assembly Hall of 7. Curzon-Kitchener controversy. Delhi (1929); the Lahore Conspiracy Case and death 8. Younghusband's Mission to tibet (1904). of Jatin Das after prolonged hunger strike (1929), and XII. Lord Minto II 1905-1910 bomb accident in train in Delhi (1929) 1. Popularisation of aniti-partition and Swadeshi 5. Lahore session of the Congress (1929); Purana Swaraj Movements. Resolution. 2. Split in Congress in the annual session of 1907 in 6. Dandi mrch (March 12, 1930) by Gandhi to launch the Surat. Civil Disobedience Movement. 3. Establishment of Muslim League by Aga Khan (1906). 7. 'Deepavali Declaration' by Lord Irwin (1929). XIII. Lord Hardinge II 1910-1916 8. Boycott of the First Round Table Conference (1930). 1. Creation of Bengal Presidency (like Bombay and Gandhi-Irwing Pact (1931) and suspension of Civil Madras) in 1911. Disobedience Movement. 2. Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911). XVII.Lord Willingdon 1931-1936 3. Establishment of the Hindu Mahasabha (1915) by 1. Second Round Table Conference (1931) and failure of Madan Mohan Malaviya. the conference, resumption of Civil Disobedience 4. Coronotion durbar of King George V held in Delhi (1911). Movement. XIV. Lord Chelmsford 1916-1921 1. Formation of Home Rule Leagues by Annie Besant and Tilak (1916). state. Righteous income of the forefathers should be stored HISTORY here and it must be full of wealth and grain, gold and silver CONCEPTS, IDEAS AND TERMS and valuable precious stones to be able to protect the sub- Agrahar jects during famines and other calamities. For economic The land grant made to temples and Brahmins during the strength the state should own all key industries, however Gupta period was called “agrahar”.