German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Water Balance for the Groundwater Contribution Zone of Jeita Spring using WEAP Including Water Resources Management Options & Scenarios REPUBLIC OF LEBANON FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Council for Development Federal Institute for Geosciences and Reconstruction and Natural Resources CDR BGR Beirut Hannover TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT NO.: 2008.2162.9 Protection of Jeita Spring TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 6 Water Balance for the Groundwater Contribu- tion Zone of Jeita Spring using WEAP Including Water Resources Management Options & Scenarios Raifoun August 2013 German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Water Balance for the Groundwater Contribution Zone of Jeita Spring using WEAP Including Water Resources Management Options & Scenarios Water Balance for the Groundwater Contribu- tion Zone of Jeita Spring using WEAP Author: Philip Schuler, MSc & Dr. Armin Margane, both BGR Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) Project: Protection of Jeita Spring BMZ-No.: 2008.2162.9 BGR-Archive No.: xxxxxxx Date of issuance: August 2013 No. of pages: 117 page I German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Water Balance for the Groundwater Contribution Zone of Jeita Spring using WEAP Including Water Resources Management Options & Scenarios Table of Contents 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 3 2 EXTENT OF THE JEITA CATCHMENT ........................................................................................ 5 3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 WEAP ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 MODEL CALIBRATION .................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 SOURCES OF DATA ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.4 DATA PROCESSING..................................................................................................................... 10 3.4.1 Quantification of Landuse and Landcover ....................................................................... 10 3.4.2 Climate Data .................................................................................................................... 11 3.4.3 Other Data ....................................................................................................................... 12 4 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JEITA CATCHMENT ............................................... 12 4.1 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 12 4.2 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 GEOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 19 4.4 LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER ......................................................................................................... 21 4.5 POPULATION .............................................................................................................................. 23 4.6 WATER SUPPLY.......................................................................................................................... 25 5 WATER BALANCE COMPONENTS ........................................................................................... 26 5.1 SURFACE WATER ....................................................................................................................... 26 5.2 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ............................................................................................................... 27 5.3 GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE ....................................................................................................... 29 5.3.1 Jeita Spring ...................................................................................................................... 29 5.3.2 Afqa Spring ...................................................................................................................... 30 5.3.3 Assal Spring .................................................................................................................... 31 5.3.4 Labbane Spring ............................................................................................................... 32 5.3.5 Rouaiss Spring ................................................................................................................ 33 5.4 GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION .................................................................................................... 34 5.4.1 Groundwater Uses .......................................................................................................... 34 5.4.2 Physical Losses and Return Flow of Domestic Water Supply ........................................ 35 5.5 IRRIGATION ................................................................................................................................ 35 5.5.1 Irrigation Water Uses ....................................................................................................... 35 5.5.2 Irrigation Return Flow ...................................................................................................... 36 6 WEAP MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 37 page II German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Water Balance for the Groundwater Contribution Zone of Jeita Spring using WEAP Including Water Resources Management Options & Scenarios 6.1 BOUNDARIES .............................................................................................................................. 37 6.2 MODEL CONCEPT ....................................................................................................................... 38 7 MODEL VERSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 40 7.1 WEAP MODEL 1 ........................................................................................................................ 41 7.1.1 Catchment Nodes ............................................................................................................ 41 7.1.2 Demand Nodes................................................................................................................ 45 7.1.3 Transmission Links .......................................................................................................... 47 7.1.4 Groundwater Nodes ........................................................................................................ 48 7.1.5 GW Recharge .................................................................................................................. 49 7.1.6 GW Discharge: Flow Requirements ................................................................................ 50 7.2 WEAP MODEL 2 ........................................................................................................................ 51 7.2.1 Catchment Nodes ............................................................................................................ 52 7.2.2 Transmission Links .......................................................................................................... 54 7.2.3 GW Discharge: Flow Requirements ................................................................................ 55 7.3 WEAP MODEL 2: KFARDEBIAN DAM ............................................................................................ 56 7.3.1 Catchment Nodes ............................................................................................................ 59 7.3.2 Reservoir Node................................................................................................................ 60 7.4 WEAP MODEL 2: CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO ........................................................................... 60 8 MODEL CALIBRATION ............................................................................................................... 62 8.1 WEAP MODEL 1 ........................................................................................................................ 62 8.1.1 Runoff at Daraya ............................................................................................................. 62 8.1.2 Groundwater Inflow, Outflow & Storage .......................................................................... 63 8.1.3 Unmet Demand ............................................................................................................... 69 8.2 WEAP MODEL 2 ........................................................................................................................ 70 8.2.1 Runoff at Daraya ............................................................................................................