//kittitorn kasemkitwatana //studies for project at ENSCI-les ateliers //master in Design and contemporary technology (ctc) //subject of impermanence //mathematics and buddhism //e-mail : [email protected] void setup () { size (600,800); } void draw () { //background in black background (0) ; //draw the main circle ellipse (300,300,300,300); stroke (255); fill (0); //draw a series of circles int numberOfcircles=12; float angle=2*PI/numberOfcircles; //repeat for(int i=0;i<numberOfcircles;i++) { float x=300 + 150*cos(angle*i); //calculus of x float y=300 + 150*sin(angle*i); //calculus of x //condition to the width if (i%3==0) { ellipse (x,y,30,30); stroke (255); fill (0); }else{ ellipse (x,y,10,10); stroke (255); fill (0); } } } // p (169); p (168); p // table of content; INTRODUCTION acknowledgement |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||6 The nature of reality in a nutshell by religions and mathematics |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||7 james kowall ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||77 abstract |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||17 mathematics and art ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||23 /* Philosophers buddhism thought and mathematics |||||||||||||||||||||24 A metaphysics of morality : Kant and Buddhism |||80 six aspect of mathematics which are relevant to Kant and the moral law ||||||||||||||||||||||||||81 buddhist philosophy ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||26 The connection in terms of principle between philosophers and buddhism |||||||||||||||||||||||88 HISTORY /* Mathematics Buddhism and German Philosophy ||||||||||||||||||92 Euclid ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||31 Phenomenology and Existentialism ||||||||||||||||94 golden ratio ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||37 Buddhism and Process philosophy |||||||||||||||||95 physics |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||40 Wittgenstien ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||96 logic |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||41 Authur Schopenhauer |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||97 classical Physics |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||42 Modern Physics ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||43 /* Buddhism and Mathematics Logical forms |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||44 Buddhist Logics ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||102 Mathematical logics |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||46 The bodhisattva ideal ||||||||||||||||||||||||||103 Philosophical logics ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||48 Top 10 Mathematical innovations ||||||||||||||||112 Computational logics ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||49 Applied Buddhism in modern mathematics |||||||||115 /* Art and design /* Emptiness The Buddhist concept of ‘Sunyata’ or ‘Emptiness’|118 fashion and textile design ||||||||||||||||||||||52 Evotution of the concept of ‘zero’ in need for mathematics and textiles |||||||||||||||54 modern mathematics |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||119 Buddhist idea in fashion design |||||||||||||||||57 The babylonian system of numerals ||||||||||||||120 Mathematics meet fashion : The evolution of Indian numeral system |||||||||121 Thurston’s concepts inspire designer ||||||||||||59 ‘Zero’ and the place--value notation |||||||||||126 Graphic design and typography |||||||||||||||||||60 Application of ‘emptiness’ in modern mathematics|127 LITERATURE REVIEW Emptiness and null set: the evolution of /* Quantum natural numbers ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||129 Quantum and Abhidhamma ||||||||||||||||||||||||||66 Emptiness and null hypothesis ||||||||||||||||||130 Quantum and concept of matter in Abhidhamma |||||68 Quantum Theory and the buddhist concept of /* Forms in buddhism ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||133 Dynamic Flux ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||70 Einstein’s notion of escape velocity and |||||||137 DISCUSSION black holes |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||71 /* Artist’s work ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||142 /* Discussion in culture code’s class |||||||||||||||145 Einstein’s view on energy for expanding universe ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||74 On quantum Theory of consciousness and nature CONCLUSION ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||151 of reality ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||75 BIBLIOGRAPHY ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||158 The universe in composed of that which is aware of WEBOGRAPHY ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||161 the universe ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||76 THANK YOU |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||162 |||||||||||||||||||| // p (5); introduction; p (4); p // acknowledgement religions and mathematics This paper will study the relationship between mathematics and JUDISM religion from the perspective of reason and the role played by Maimonides reason in human knowledge. Firstly, I will study the relation- Moshe ben Maimon, or Mūsā ibn Maymūn, acronymed Rambam , and ship between logic and mathematics. From this starting point, I Graecized (and subsequently Latinized) Moses Maimonides (/ will study the relationship between reason and natural science and maɪˈmɒnɪdiːz/ my--mon--i--deez), a preeminent medieval Sephardic finally, I will draw some conclusions on the relationship between Jewish philosopher and astronomer, became one of the most prolific reason and philosophy. I have an idea from how to use mathematics and influential Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages. and logic to create forms in buddhism and all the topic in this Born in Cordova, Almoravid Empire (present--day Spain) on Passover paper will be the part that helps me explore to work on my final Eve, 1135 or 1138, he died in Egypt on December 12, 1204, whence project. his body was taken to the lower Galilee and buried in Tiberias. He worked as a rabbi, physician, and philosopher in Morocco and Egypt. During his lifetime, most Jews greeted Maimonides’ writings on Jewish law and ethics with acclaim and gratitude, even as far away as Iraq and Yemen, and although Maimonides rose to become the revered head of the Jewish community in Egypt, there were also vociferous critics of some of his writings, particularly in Spain. Nonetheless, he was posthumously acknowledged as among the fore- most rabbinical arbiters and philosophers in Jewish history, and his copious work comprises a cornerstone of Jewish scholarship. His fourteen--volume Mishneh Torah still carries significant ca- nonical authority as a codification of Talmudic law. He is some- times known as “ha Nesher ha Gadol” (the great eagle) in recogni- tion of his outstanding status as a bona fide exponent of the Oral Torah. Aside from being revered by Jewish historians, Maimonides also figures very prominently in the history of Islamic aznd Arab sciences and is mentioned extensively in studies. Influenced by Al--Farabi (ca. 872-950/951), Avicenna (c. 980-1037), and his con- temporary Averroes (1126-1198), he in his turn influenced other prominent Arab and Muslim philosophers and scientists. He became a prominent philosopher and polymath in both the Jewish and Islamic // // worlds. MAIMONIDES A twelfth--century rabbi and community leader, philosopher and physician, Maimonides was fascinated by the relation between sci- ence and religion from his earliest days. A polymath by inclina- p (7); tion, he needed first to master the sciences then extant, includ- p (6); ing logic, mathematics and medicine, before being able to assess LEGAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS their relation to his Jewish faith. Indeed, he insisted on phi- Remarkably, Maimonides continued his education under the stress losophy’s mediating role in the mutual illumination of faith and of exile and travel, composing his commentary on the Jewish le- reason, notably with regard to creation. gal canon, the Mishnah, during the seven years of exile from his twenty--third to thirtieth years. Taking up residence in Fustat EARLY LIFE AND INFLUENCES (Old Cairo), he was appointed judge of the rabbinical court and Mosheh ben Maimon, called Maimonides by Latin authors and known soon assumed leadership of the community. After the death of his to the Arabic--speaking world as Musa ben Maimun, Moses son of brother and the loss of the family savings in a shipwreck, Mai- Maimon, was born on March 30, 1135 c.e., in the city of Córdo- monides took up the responsibility of supporting the family as a ba, Spain, where eight generations of his ancestors had served as physician, practicing medicine until his death. During this time rabbis and rabbinical judges. Capital of the Umayyad emirs and ca- he was court physician to Saladin (c. 1137-1193), the Sultan of liphs in Spain since the eighth century, Córdoba had remained even Egypt and Syria, as well as the entire court, leaving him lit- in their political decline the center of a brilliant, prosperous tle time to study and write, yet he accomplished both, along with civilization in which Jews and Christians, as well as Muslims, adjudicating disputes within the Jewish community. The completion were active participants. Young Moses himself was not to enjoy of his groundbreaking codification of Jewish law, the Mishneh To- this cosmopolitan milieu much past his bar mitzvah, as the fami- rah, around 1178, brought him even greater fame that his earlier ly was forced to flee their home in the wake of the Almohads from commentary, and he was beset with requests for legal opinions from North Africa, who forbade Jews or Christians to profess their re- communities throughout the Islamic world. ligion openly. Yet in the relative calm prior to the shattering of their world, the Jews of Spain had built an intellectual capital At this time, however, he also encountered Rabbi Joseph ibn Judah from which