UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR GUINEA BISSAU JANUARY - DECEMBER 1999 DECEMBER 1998 UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS CONSOLIDATED INTER-AGENCY APPEAL FOR GUINEA BISSAU JANUARY - DECEMBER 1999 DECEMBER 1998 UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 1998 For additional copies, please contact: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Complex Emergency Response Branch (CERB) Palais des Nations 8-14 Av. de la Paix Ch-1211 Geneva, Switzerland Tel.: (41 22) 788.1404 Fax: (41 22) 788.6386 E-Mail: [email protected] This document is also available on http://www.reliefweb.int/ OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) NEW YORK OFFICE GENEVA OFFICE United Nations Palais des Nations New York, NY 10017 1211 Geneva 10 USA Switzerland Telephone:(1 212) 963.1773 Telephone:(41 22) 788.7020 Telefax:(1 212) 963.3630 Telefax:(41 22) 788.6386 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii Table I: Total Funding Requirements - By Sector and Appealing Agency ix PREVIOUS CONSOLIDATED APPEAL IN REVIEW 1 HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT 5 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 7 METHODOLOGY FOR PRIORITISATION 9 PROJECT SUMMARIES 17 Table II: Listing of Project Activities - By Appealing Agency 18 Table III: Listing of Project Activities - By Sector 19 Agriculture 20 - 27 Food Aid 28 Health 30 - 35 Water and Sanitation 36 Child Protection 38 Education 40 Repatriation and Reintegration 42 Coordination 46 - 48 ANNEX I. 1998 Financial Summaries 49 ANNEX II. Specific Objectives by Sector of Activity 55 ANNEX III. NGO Matrix 63 ANNEX IV. Abbreviations and Acronyms 65 iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since 7 June 1998, Guinea Bissau has been faced with a politico-military conflict between the Government of Guinea Bissau and the self-proclaimed Military Junta. Fighting between Government troops loyal to President Vieira and soldiers under former Chief-of-Staff General Ansumane Mane occurred in early June and in October. As a result of the first wave of fighting, an initial 350,000 people moved from Bissau to the countryside or into neighbouring countries. Soon after the return to Bissau city and its environs of an estimated 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) between 16 September and 9 October, a second wave of fighting forced the same people to leave again. With the exception of some 25,000 people, most of the IDP population have been hosted by families in small towns and rural areas of the country, imposing on some 90,000 of them an enormous economic burden. Mediation efforts resulted in a Peace Agreement signed in Abuja Nigeria on 1 November 1998. This appeal is based on a scenario which assumes the implementation of this Agreement. Since July 1998, and despite internal and external constraints, a substantial humanitarian programme was implemented; thanks to the dedication of UN staff (based in Dakar and Guinea Bissau) and NGOs. Particular commendation goes to the Guinea Bissau nationals who, despite being without any salary, assisted an estimated 363,000 people with food, agriculture, health services, and water sanitation. Of US$ 28.7 million requested in the Consolidated Appeal (July - December 1998) US$ 14.1 million or 49.2 percent has been received. The humanitarian programmes presented in this Appeal target assistance for 381,715 people. This number includes 100,000 vulnerable people in Bissau town, 90,000 in three small towns around Bissau city, 181,000 IDPs and the local population who are particularly vulnerable as a result of the five month crisis, 5,415 Guinea Bissau refugees in four neighbouring countries and 5,300 refugees of Senegalese origin in the northern part of the country. The key assumption made during the preparation of the appeal is the smooth implementation of the 1 November Peace Agreement. Appealing agencies recognise that they cannot ignore the possibility of delays in the implementation of the agreement which may, in turn, have an effect on the humanitarian programmes, especially with regard to the return of IDPs and refugees. The possibility of resumption of hostilities cannot be ignored. The Common Humanitarian Action Plan presented has been formulated following the establishment of three working groups each covering a domain of activities, namely Food Security, Social Services and Enabling Environment. Each group has been responsible for developing sectoral operational objectives, priority areas of intervention and the subsequent plans of action. Consultations have been held with the Government, the military junta and the donor community during the process. The long-term goal of this Appeal is to facilitate the speedy return of the most affected populations to a normal situation while simultaneously assisting the new Government of National Unity to assume its responsibilities for the management of the humanitarian assistance programme. The short-term humanitarian goals and sectoral operational objectives were chosen from two main orientations evolving from the longer-term goal. In the Food Security Domain, food production and food supplies are aimed at creating the conditions to reach self sufficiency in v food and terminate free food distribution as soon as possible. In the Social Domain, targeted assistance will be provided on the understanding that local populations will also benefit from the provision of certain services. In the health sector, prevention of epidemics and the reduction of the incidence and mortality due to malaria and other pathogens are prioritised in addition to the provision of primary health care. Assistance to the education sector is considered in this Domain as a prerequisite to creating an environment of stability and one which is conducive to social re-integration of uprooted populations. Special consideration is given to the protection and social reinsertion of children traumatised by the war. The water and sanitation programme will have an immediate emergency response dimension as well as a longer-term impact. Key water points will be rehabilitated and a number of new ones created to serve the most affected population. Finally, coordination of humanitarian assistance programme will be undertaken at both the national and regional levels. The return of the UN Agencies to Guinea Bissau will enable greater interaction between the UN Agencies, the NGOs, ICRC, other humanitarian organisations in addition to the Bissau Guinean authorities than has been so far possible. Regular links with donors and NGOs will be maintained both in Dakar and Guinea Bissau in accordance with the prevailing security conditions. The implementation of the Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP) presented in this Appeal will be carefully monitored and reported on through the duration of 1999. Included in this document are tables which provide the basis for agencies and donors to plot the progress made against the objectives set within each sector. Monthly review of the CHAP will be undertaken and programmes and priorities will be amended to reflect the progress made and any changing realities on the ground. This Appeal seeks a total of US$ 28,655,368. vi Table I : Total Funding Requirements for the 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for GUINEA BISSAU By Sector and Appealing Agency January - December 1999 SECTOR REQUIREMENTS (US$) AGRICULTURE 3,038,000 FOOD AID 12,905,144 HEALTH 2,737,129 WATER AND SANITATION 1,875,000 CHILD PROTECTION 402,000 EDUCATION 5,220,000 REPATRIATION AND REINTEGRATION 1,412,252 COORDINATION 1,065,843 GRAND TOTAL 28,655,368 APPEALING AGENCY REQUIREMENTS (US$) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 3,038,000 UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND 647,829 UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES 1,412,252 UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND 8,791,300 WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME 13,334,344 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 795,000 OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS 636,643 GRAND TOTAL 28,665,368 vii PREVIOUS CONSOLIDATED APPEAL IN REVIEW The six-month 1998 UN Consolidated Appeal for Guinea Bissau (July – December) requested US$ 28.7 million for multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance programmes. Of this, US$ 14.1 million, or only 49.2 percent was funded as of 9 November 1998, representing a donor response well below the identified requirements. However, there were constraints on the implementation of some activities due to limited access during the period covered. Also, funding has been unequally distributed between programmes and UN Agencies. Health and Water United Nations activities in the health sector (WHO and UNFPA) received only 17.2 percent of the total funds required. Fortunately, both WHO and UNFPA Headquarters provided special emergency funds which enabled their local offices secure medicines such as special use drugs (i.e. tuberculosis treatment), vaccines (i.e. against meningitis), and essential medicines and treatments (including antibiotics and malaria treatments) for the most common diseases in Guinea Bissau. UNICEF received 32 percent of the total amount requested for water and sanitation and child survival, care and protection projects. Based on the epidemiological profile of Guinea Bissau, the WHO, UNICEF and several NGOs positioned anti-cholera kit stocks to prevent outbreaks and took measures to assure the destitute population’s access to potable water in key areas of the country. UNICEF also provided solar refrigeration for maintaining the cold chain; fuel for health service supervision and hospital generators; financial incentives to all working health staff (from September - December); ORS, Ringer's lactate and IEC materials for diarrhoeal disease control; essential drugs especially for children; bed nets to prevent mosquito infections and water on an emergency basis for hospitals. Additionally, the fund also provided field-based technical support to health services, and repaired the public water system. Food Aid 60 percent of the response to the 1998 Appeal was for food aid (36,670 MTs), of which the donors pledged 20,539 MTs as of 15.11.98, the shortfall being 16,131 MTs. 48 percent (9,900 MTs) will have been distributed by the end of December 1998. In order to meet immediate needs in Guinea Bissau, WFP borrowed 6,596 MTs food stocks from neighbouring country stocks which must be replenished.