Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Structure of Spinal Nerves: Somatic Pathways dorsal dorsal root ramus spinal nerve somatic sensory nerve CNS inter- neuron ventral somatic ramus motor nerve ventral root Mixed Spinal Nerve Structure of Spinal Nerves: Dorsal & Ventral Rami dorsal ramus spinal nerve somatic sensory nerve somatic Territory of Dorsal Rami ventral (everything else, but head, ramus motor innervated by ventral rami) nerve Stern Essentials of Gross Anatomy Nerves of the The lumbar plexus lower limb L1-L4 Is formed by the ventral rami of the upper four lumbar nerves in the substance of psoas major muscle It also receives a contribution from T12 (subcostal) nerve 2 main nerves Femoral nerve Obturator nerve L1 L2 4 small nerves L3 L4 Ilio-hypogastric nerve Ilio-inguinal nerve Genitofemoral nerve Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Ilio-hypogastric nerve L1 L2 Ilio-inguinal nerve L3 Genitofemoral Lateral cutaneous L4 nerve of the thigh nerve L5 Femoral nerve Obturator nerve Ilio-hypogastric nerve Each nerve of the lumber plexus emerges (exits) from the substance of Ilio-inguinal nerve the psoas major muscle as follows: L1 L2 Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh L3 Genitofemoral L4 nerve L5 Femoral nerve Obturator nerve Ilio-hypogastric nerve L1 Ilio-inguinal nerve The ilio-hypogastric and ilio-inguinal L1 nerves arise as a single trunk from the L2 ventral ramus of L1 L3 Either before or soon after emerging from the lateral border of the psoas L4 major muscle, this single trunk divides into: L5 The ilio-hypogastric nerve And The ilio-inguinal nerve Ilio-hypogastric nerve Ilio-inguinal nerve Genitofemoral L1 Nerve L2 L3 L4 L5 Genital branch of Femoral branch genitofemoral of genitofemoral nerve nerve Genitofemoral Nerve The genital branch The femoral branch: Ilio-inguinal nerve Distributed to the skin of the upper and intermediate part of Distributed to the skin the thigh of the upper and (femoral branch runs with medial part of the femoral artery) thigh Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Distributed to the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh Lateral Medial L1 L2 Obturator nerve Anterior divisions of L3 L2 L3 L4 Supplies medial L4 compartment of thigh L5 Femoral nerve Femoral nerve Posterior divisions of Obturator nerve L2 L3 L4 Supplies anterior compartment of thigh Anterior Anterior compartment Femoral nerve Extensor Femur Medial Lateral Medial compartment Obturator nerve Adductor Posterior compartment Sciatic nerve Flexor Posterior Lumbosacral trunk L4 L5 L1 The lumbosacral trunk is a L2 thick nerve formed by the union of lower part of ventral ramus of L4 with the ventral ramus of L5 L3 L4 L5 What is the key to memorize the lumbar plexus? Ilio-hypogastric nerve L1 L1 gives L2 1-Ilio-hypogastric nerve Ilio-inguinal nerve 2-Ilio-inguinal nerve L3 3-The first root of the genito-femoral Lateral cutaneous L4 L2 gives (four branches) nerve of the thigh 1-The second root of the genito-femoral 2-The first root of the lateral cutaneous L5 nerve of the thigh 3-The first root of the femoral nerve Femoral nerve 4-The first root of the obturator nerve Obturator nerve L3 gives 1-The second root of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh 2-The second root of the femoral nerve 3-The second root of the obturator nerve L4 gives 1-The third root of the femoral nerve Lumbo-sacral trunk 2-The third root of the obturator nerve 3-The upper root of the lumbo-sacral trunk The Sacral plexus L1 L4-S4 L2 Located on the posterior wall of pelvis on the anterior surface of L3 piriformis muscle Formed by the lumbosacral trunk L4 and ventral rami of S1 -S4 Branches supply: lower limb, pelvic floor and wall, and perineum L5 Most branches leave the pelvis through greater sciatic foramina S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Branches of the Sacral plexus Gluteal region Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1,S2 ,S3 S4) Sciatic nerve (L4,L5, S1, S2, S3) (All roots except S4) Tibial nerve (L4,L5, S1, S2, S3) (The same as sciatic) Common peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2) (The same root value as the tibial except S3) Nerve to obturator internus & superior gemellus Nerve to quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus Perforating cutaneous nerve Nerve to piriformis Sciatic nerve L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 Tibial nerve L4 anterior divisions of L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 L5 S1 S2 S3 Common fibular nerve posterior divisions of L4 L4 L5 S1 S2 L5 S1 S2 S3 Superior gluteal nerve posterior divisions of L4 L4 L5 S1 L5 S1 S2 S3 Inferior gluteal nerve posterior divisions of L4 L5 S1 S2 L5 S1 S2 S3 Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1,S2 ,S3) L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 Major nerves of the lumbar and sacral plexuses are: Anterior divisions Posterior divisions Obturator nerve Femoral nerve anterior divisions of posterior divisions of L2 L3 L4 L2 L3 L4 Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve anterior divisions of posterior divisions of L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 L4 L5 S1 S2 Superior gluteal nerve posterior divisions of L4 L5 S1 Inferior gluteal nerve posterior divisions of L5 S1 S2 .