23rd International Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 46 Supplement 1 Abstracts of the 23rd International Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hong Kong 31 March – 3 April International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Offi cial Publication of the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Editor-in-Chief: Nabil Samman, Hong Kong, China Associate Editor-in-Chief Joseph Piecuch, Farmington, CT, USA Editors-in-Chief Emeritus Paul J.W. Stoelinga, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Piet E. Haers, Guildford, UK Managing Editor Jacqui Merrison, Oxford, UK Section Editors Cleft lip & palate and craniofacial anomalies Head and neck oncology Reha Kisnisci, Ankara, Turkey Robert Ord, Baltimore, MD, USA Orthognathic surgery Reconstructive surgery Suzannne McCormick, Encinitas, CA, USA Henning Schliephake, Göttingen, Germany Cosmetic facial surgery Clinical pathology Tirbod Fattahi, Jacksonville, FL, USA Nabil Samman, Hong Kong, China Trauma Oral medicine/therapeutics Eppo Wolvius, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Takashi Fujibayashi, Tokyo, Japan TMJ disorders Imaging George Dimitroulis, Melbourne, Australia James Xia, Houston, TX, USA Pre-implant surgery/dental implants Research and emerging technologies Hendrik Terheyden, Kassel, Germany Emeka Nkenke, Vienna, Austria Oral surgery Ashraf Ayoub, Glasgow, UK IJOMS Editorial Offi ce Health Sciences, Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843270; Fax: +44 (0) 1865 843992; Email: [email protected] Online manuscript submission: http://ees.elsevier.com/ijoms Journal homepage: www.ijoms.com International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 8618 W. Catalpa Avenue, Suite 1116 Chicago, IL 60658 USA+1. 773.867.6087+1.773.647.1789 Email: [email protected] IAOMS homepage: www.iaoms.org Aims and Scope International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery aims to publish papers of the highest scientifi c merit and widest possible scope on work in oral and maxillofacial surgery and supporting specialties, including interactions with neighbouring surgical specialties. The journal covers the following sections: congenital craniofacial deformities, cosmetic facial surgery, orthognathic surgery/trauma/ TMJ disorders, head and neck oncology, reconstructive pre-prosthetic surgery/implantology, clinical pathology/dentoalveolar surgery, medicine/pharmacology, research and emerging technologies and evidence-based therapy. Author inquiries Sponsored supplements and commercial You can track your submitted article at http://www.elsevier.com/track-submission. reprints You can track your accepted article at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. You are For more information please contact Elsevier Pharma Solutions, PO Box 993, 1000 also welcome to contact Customer Support via http://support.elsevier.com AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; phone: (+31) 20 485 2934; fax: (+31) 20 485 Language (Usage and Editing services). Please write your text in good English 2940; e-mail: [email protected]. (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate Funding body agreements and policies possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientifi c English Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier’s whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential WebShop http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageediting/ or visit our customer manuscript archiving requirements as specifi ed as conditions of their grant support site http://support.elsevier.com for more information. awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies For a full and complete Guide for Authors, please refer to http://www. elsevier.com/locate/ijom © 2017 International Association of Oral Orders, claims, and journal inquiries: please contact the Elsevier Customer and Maxillofacial Surgeons Service Department nearest you: St. Louis: Elsevier Customer Service Department, 3251 Riverport Lane, Maryland All rights reserved This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under Heights, MO 63043, USA; phone: (800) 6542452 [toll free within the USA]; copyright by Elsevier Ltd and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: (+1) (314) 4478871 [outside the USA]; fax: (+1) (314) 4478029; e-mail: [email protected] Photocopying Oxford: Elsevier Customer Service Department, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK; phone: (+44) (1865) 843434; fax: (+44) (1865) by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is 843970; e-mail: [email protected] required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, Tokyo: Elsevier Customer Service Department, 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make 5037; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047; e-mail: [email protected] photocopies for non-profi t educational classroom use. Singapore: Elsevier Customer Service Department, 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House I, Singapore 239519; phone: (+65) 63490222; fax: (+65) For information on how to seek permission visit www.elsevier.com/permissions or 67331510; e-mail: [email protected] call: (+44) 1865 843830 (UK) / (+1) 215 239 3804 (USA). Send notices of change of address to the publisher at least 6–8 weeks in advance, Derivative works including both old and new addresses. Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including USA mailing notice: The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the (ISSN 0901-5027) is published monthly by Elsevier Ltd (The Boulevard, Langford Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK). Periodicals postage paid at Jamaica, NY Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including 11431 and additional mailing offi ces. compilations and translations. USA POSTMASTER: Send change of address to The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Elsevier Customer Service Department, 3251 Riverport Electronic storage or usage Lane, Maryland Heights, MO 63043, USA. Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material AIRFREIGHT AND MAILING in USA by Air Business Ltd., c/o Worldnet contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Shipping Inc., 156-15, 146th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Jamaica, NY 11434, USA. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, Publication information mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (ISSN 0901-5027 ). For 2017 , of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to Elsevier Rights Department, at the volume 46 (12 issues) is scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available fax and e-mail addresses noted above. upon request from the Publisher or from the Elsevier Customer Service Department nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijom). Notice Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier products through No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to Elsevier’s website (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the standard mail (surface within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months independent verifi cation of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. of the date of dispatch. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement Advertising information of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Advertising orders and inquiries can be sent to: USA, Canada and South America: The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Mary Anne Arbolado, Advertising Department, Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) New York, NY 10010-1710, USA; phone: (+1) 212 633 3947; fax: (+1) 212 633 3820; e-mail: [email protected]. Europe and ROW: Pharma Sales, Elsevier Ltd, 125 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom; tel: +44 (0)20 7424 4200; International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery has no page charges email: [email protected]