THE HO M E O F THE NO RTHE RN SE M ITE S A S TU D Y S HO W I N G THAT TIIE R ELI G ION A N D CULTURE O F I SRAEL ARE NOT O F B A B Y LONI A N O RI G IN H L BE R . L Y P A T T C A , D . PR F E S S R O F S E M I T I C PH I L L G A N D A RC HE L G O O O O Y O O Y , U NI V E RS I TY O F PE N NS Y L V A NI A PH ILA D E LPHIA Elbe fiunhay fithnnl 611m m 010 a I 9 0 9 COP Y R IGHT 1 909 B Y THE S UNDA Y SCHOOL TIM ES COMP AN Y TO PROFES SO R EDGAR FAHS SM ITH PH D S D LL D . C . V I C E Pn ovosr 0 17 T H E U NIV E RS I T Y O F P E NNS YL V A NIA BELO VED B Y COLL EA G UES A ND S TU DE NTS IN GRATE FUL APPRECIATION P R E F A C E These discu ssions are the ou tgrowth of The Rein icker Le u 1 908 a ct res for the year , delivered at the Protest nt E S A V . piscopal Theological eminary , lexandria, irginia I u i u as nstead of p blish ng the lect res delivered , which “ u R covered the s bject , ecent Discoveries in Bible Lands , it seemed preferable to present a special phase of the su b ect u an ur . j , which is here treated more f lly th in the lect es ’ In u Li ht on the Old Testa m en t the a thor s work, g ' rom Babel w as m i , a protest expressed against the clai s of the Pan -Bab ylon ists that Babylonia had extensively u u infl enced the cu ltu re of Israel . Contin ed researches u u fir have opened p new vistas of the s bject , which con m the contention that the Pan -Bab ylon ists have not only greatly overestimated the influ ence of the Babylonian u ur u I b u t S c lt e pon srael , that the emitic Babylonians A u u S came from the land of m rr ; that is , yria and Pales n u u w as ti e , and that their c lt re an amalgamation of what was once Amorite or West Semitic and the S u merian u E u which they fo nd in the phrates valley . In order to make the main ou tlines of the su bject as well as the discussions whi ch bear directly u pon the n Old Testament more readable , the tech ical material h as II b u t u been confined largely to Part , freq ent refer en ces I In u i to it are made in Part . stead of q ot ng the u u in n mbers of the pages referred to , they will be fo nd 6 A MU RRU HOME OF NORTHERN S EM ITES u the Index . The a thor realizes that in a nu mber of instances other interpretations of certain individu al facts are possible . Modification of views presented mu st necessarily follow new discoveries as they are made ; b ut nevertheless the writer believes that the main con ten ur tions will remain undist bed . A u . To my colleag es , Professor J . Montgomery and Pro astrow Jr I u fessor Morris J , . , am deeply gratef l for their gen erous help and encouragement during the preparation i k An d I t k of th s boo . also ex end my hearty than s for the k A G. ind assistance rendered by my friends , Professor w W u Barton , of Bryn Ma r Professor . MaxM ller , of Phila r A ur Un n d Of v a Re . delphia ; P ofessor rth g , Jena ; the Dr H W n U . r C . Joh s , Fellow at Cambridge nive sity ; H R k P . A b l . oe e Dr ermann an e , of Berlin ; Dr rno , of E W l H Y k isenach ; and Dr . il iam ayes Ward , of New or . To all it gives me pleasure to acknowledge m y indebted u ness and extend my warm gratit de . Let me add , in mentioning the names of these scholars , that they are in no wise responsible for the views expressed in these lectu res . ALB E RT L AY T . C . V E R ITY F E NNS YLV ANIA UNI S O P . CONTENTS ART I P . INTRO D UCTORY REMARK S CREATION S TORY THE S A B E A TII ANTED ILUV I AN D ELUGE ” ORIGINAL HOME O F S EMITI C CULTURE ART I P I . A MUR RU IN THE CUN EI F ORM I Ns c R I PT I ONs AMURRU IN WEST S EMITI C A E DI PP N X . I UR O F . THE II THE N O F . AME III THE N O F S A G . AME R ON IV THE N NI N . AME THE N W V . AME YAH EH . ABBREV IATIONS A — A n a nd m n D hn i a . D . Jo s , ssy r Deeds Docu e ts A S L —A m a n ou rna l o S em a n a . J . eric J f itic L gu ges . A K W —A bha nd lu n en de r h l l h-h or h n la . G . g p i o og isc ist isc e C sse der K n i l a h s llscha de r W ns ha n S hen Ge e t . o g . c sisc i isse c fte A a b P v —M n a zu m A l ba b l n h va h l b r n . t . i eiss er , Beitr ge t y o isc e Pri trec t ' ‘ A n —Mii e r A n u nd E a na h A l a i schen D e n km ci l ern . ll t t . sie , sie urop c gyp ’ A —B i rci A l h d H b l an a . e t e t e B . g zur ssyrio og ie , edi ed y D itzsc upt B E —B E . a b l n a n x ion o the Un v o n n lva n a y o i pedit f i ersity f Pe sy i , V I l d 2 Hil re ch t V I 1 Ra n VI 2 Poe b e I I I 1 ol . an l , , p ; , , ke ; , , ; V , , l a IX Hil re ch t an d la l a XIV Cla XV l a C y ; , p C y ; X , C y ; , y ; , C y ; d Hil re ch t a n . XX , p Ba b lon ca — b V i a . i ro e a u d y Edited y ll . B l Ca a l e —Ca a lo o the n rm Ta b l i n the Kou u n ezo d , t ogu t gue f Cu eifo ets y i k C ll n j o ectio . wn Heb Die — w n v an d B H b e w a n d E n l h Bro , . Bro , Dri er riggs , e r g is L x n o h Old T a m n e ico f t e est e t. B L —A la L i o I a h ru n n ow C e C n m . — , ist ssifi d st f u eifor deogr p s C T C ne T om B T c i n he B h . o m x a b l n a n a bl ts e t . t u if r e ts fr y o i e , , ritis M m b K n n h a n d Th m n useu , y i g , Pi c es o pso . ’ ’ v —d e S a rze c He u ze D cou v r s Cha l é ou e e r e te en . D c ert s y , dee — ’ Dél en S ch e il T x e E la m e S em i ti u es D ele a ti on en . Perse , e t s it s q , g Perse . E m s—L E i a h he w i id zb a rs ki E h m u r S m h . p , p e eris f e itisc e p gr p ik L — J . ou na l o B bl a l L i a B J r f i ic te r ture . R A — S . o l o h A J . J na e R a l i a . ur f t oy s tic S ociety . —A B I V I I Ha s a n a n d a b l n a n l . rper , Letters s yri y o i Letters , Vo s to H W — h A a n Ha n w ch .