1 COLLATION AND VALIDATION OF MUSEUM COLLECTION DATABASES RELATED TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE SPONGES IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA. JOHN N.A. HOOPER & MERRICK EKINS 2 3 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in Northern Australia (Contract National Oceans Office C2004/020) John N.A. Hooper & Merrick Ekins Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia ([email protected], [email protected]) CONTENTS SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 10 1.1. General Introduction ..................................................................................... 10 1.2. Definitions of Australia’s marine bioregions ............................................... 12 2. MATERIALS & METHODS ....................................................................................... 16 2.1. Specimen point-data conversion ................................................................... 16 2.2. Geographic coverage and scales of analysis................................................. 18 2.3. Species distributions....................................................................................... 19 2.4. Modelled distribution datasets and historical sponge data ........................ 20 2.5. Identification of useful datasets and gaps in data, prioritised by geographic location and acceptable data standards................................................... 20 2.6. Species database.............................................................................................. 21 2.7. Numerical analysis of sponge data................................................................ 22 2.8. Dissemination of data via the web................................................................. 25 2.9. Abbreviations.................................................................................................. 25 2.10. Background to GIS analysis of the sponge dataset.................................... 25 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.................................................................................... 31 3.1. Definitions of Australia’s marine bioregions ............................................... 31 3.2. Descriptive GIS analysis of bioregionalisation trends for sponge groups 38 3.3. Numerical analysis of Australian tropical sponge biodiversity and bioregionalisation ...................................................................................... 38 3.3.1. Localities (γ-scale diversity) ....................................................................... 38 3.3.2. Bioregions (ε-scale diversity) ..................................................................... 64 3.4. Consensus of datasets delineating bioregional transition zones................. 79 4. CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................ 80 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... 85 6. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 85 APPENDIX 1. List of sponge species chosen as surrogates for collaborative studies between Australian sponge collection and research institutions (QM, AIMS, MAGNT, WAM). Refer to Appendix 6 for PDF file of CAAB modelled species distributions for each of these surrogate species.................................................................................................. 89 APPENDIX 2. A. Small scale (γ-scale diversity) regions sampled for sponges in northern Australia (including temperate transitional bioregions). B. Similarities between larger scale (ε-scale diversity) regions................................................................................................ 102 APPENDIX 3. List of species occurring in four or more tropical Australian bioregions ........................................................................................................................................... 104 4 APPENDIX 4. Jaccard Similarity index (%) for pairwise comparisons between small scale (γ-scale diversity) localities sampled for sponges in northern Australia (including temperate transitional bioregions) ................................................................................................... 109 APPENDIX 5. Metadata for the sponge dataset to accompany NOO, GA and OZCAM databases ......................................................................................................................... 110 APPENDIX 6. Descriptive analysis of GIS bioregionalisation trends for sponge groups ........................................................................................................................................... 113 1. Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880 ...................................................................... 113 2. Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886 .......................................................................... 114 3. Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 .................................................................. 116 4. Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867 .......................................................................... 118 5. Family Clionaidae d’Orbigny, 1851.................................................................. 119 6. Family Alectonidae Rosell, 1996 & Family Hemiasterellidae Lendenfeld, 1889 ............................................................................................................................... 120 7. Family Polymastiidae Gray, 1867 .................................................................... 121 8. Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ................................................. 122 9. Family Trachycladidae Hallmann, 1917 & Family Timeidae Topsent, 1928... 123 10. Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 .................................................................. 124 11. Family Tethyidae Gray, 1848 ......................................................................... 126 12. Family Chondrillidae Gray, 1872 ................................................................... 127 13. ‘Coralline sponges’: Family Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970, Family Verticillitidae Steinmann, 1882, Family Astroscleridae Lister, 1900 .............................. 129 14. Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 .................................................................... 130 15. Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 ...................................................................... 131 16. Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875 ................................................................ 132 17. Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923 ............................................................. 144 18. Family Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928, Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923 & Family Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924 ............................................................. 151 19. Family Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ............................................... 153 20. Family Podospongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936.................................................. 154 21. Family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905 ................................................................ 155 22. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886................................................................ 157 23. Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922 .......................................................... 161 24. Family Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886...................................................... 163 25. Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922 & Family Phellodermidae Van Soest & Hajdu, 2002 ........................................................................................................... 164 26. Family Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870.............................................................. 165 27. Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928 .......................................................... 166 28. Family Iotrochotidae Dendy, 1922.................................................................. 167 29. Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922 ..................................................................... 169 30. Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922.............................................................. 169 31. Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875 .................................................................... 170 32. Family Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 ............................................................ 177 33. Family Dictyonellidae Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990 ............................ 177 34. Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867 ............................................................... 180 35. Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ................................................ 186 36. Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867 ....................................................................... 191 37. Family Niphatidae Van Soest, 1980 ............................................................... 195 38. Family Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 ............................................................... 200 39. Family Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882 ............................................................. 203 5 40. Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867 ....................................................................... 206 41. Family Irciniidae Gray,