Comparative Temein wordlists Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Notes: 1. The principal source for these wordlists are the material collected by Roland Stevenson in the 1970s and early 1980s. For further details see the accompanying paper ‘The Temein languages’. Also incorporated are lexical items form the phonology of T(h)ese by May Yip (2004) and from the unpublished notes of Gerrit Dimmendaal. The materials should therefore be treated as provisional. 2. The comparisons in the final column have been added by Roger Blench and are cross-cited from comparative sources, principally materials from Stevenson. As a consequence, they have not yet been checked against the originals, and newer data that has appeared since Stevenson. I hope to do this in future. 3. Identifying cognates in Nilo-Saharan is not simple; it depends on the analysis of the affixes. In the case of Temein, these are multiple and combined with syllable deletion, can often mean that only a single consonant remains, even between singular and plural in Temein. The comparisons will generally show what element of the word I speculate is the underlying root. But further analysis may change this and thereby the words that are cognate elsewhere. 4. It will be seen that the classification of Temein is far from obvious; although it has slightly more cognates with East Sudanic than other branches of Nilo-Saharan, there are, for example, an elevated number of cognates with Berta. The source of the large number of lexical items with no apparent external cognates remains to be sought. 1 English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment adolescent ny ɛ́rʈàk ny ɛ́rɛ́ girl after aa ʈi after kama after nya i afternoon wuu ny afterwards ṭɔ k again onuk konu ŋkɛ alike ʔbanákà alive, awake kápa ŋanùk kɛ́ fúnó it is alive all càp < Baggara i all kɛ̀ṭɛ́kɛ̀ʈ u cco ḍɛ̀k kaláás ɪ̀k cf. Tama káák, Ama kw ɛ́rɛ̀n, Gaam kay, allow s.t. to yɔkɔmi yɔkɔmɔʈi drop and break allow, permit suku sukó ʈù alone (ɛ)kí ɗɔŋ always nyáá ʈɪn- wərw ər nyáá ʈɪn and aʔɖ a joins clauses and nya joins individual words angry ʔɖ aso ʔɖ asoa ʈo animal yów ɪ̀ʈ sɔɔ̀ ̀ ɗía na ɓok lɛ́[k] na ‘thing of ɓok house’ ankle ʈúúkúr ɪ̀s ku ʈúúkúrí ‘child of leg’ answer ɛɖ ákìl ɔ́ŋɔʈ ɛɖ aʈákì ant hill ʈíɖàk kí ɖàk ant, large kɪríny ʈɛ̀ʈ kɪrínyà ʔ oho ɪ̂k ohwá ʔ orónyi ɖàk orónyìk black ant, red kɪrɪnyéé ɖə ̀k kɪrɪnyá ʔ kɪrénya ɖàk kɪrényà ʔ antelope káburè sɔɔ́ ́mɛ̀ kus ɔɔ́ ́mɛ̀ anyone ɗéénì n ɗɔ̀ 2 English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment armpit gɪ́lɪgɪ́lɪ̀k kɪgɪ́lɪgɪ́lɪ̀kɪ̀ kap əlɛɖə ̀k káápalàk kw ɔ́rʈɛʈàk kw ɔ́rʈɔ also wing arrow arsà ʈ karsa ʈì ʈwì ʔ ku ɖìì ʔ ashes úluk cf. So ûk, Berta Undu bùbùdà, Meidob úfúdì (and possibly related to more widespread #bur- roots. ashes pu ḍòʔ fu ɗàʔ < Kadu e.g.Katcha fu ɗo, ask ʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀ka ʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀ka ʈa at -(V)ni locative suffix at ɔ genitive suffix at ɛnɛ prep. awake furu ŋoni furu ŋoʈonai axe ṭúk kù ṭúkà ʔ má ɖàm kɪ́ma ɖàm alfáì kalfáì ŋ < Arabic al-fās baboon ɔ́lim ɔ́n kɔ́lim ɔ́nì ṭákwúúrù kɪɽ ákwúúrà kóllò ŋ kuollèì baby, child ʔdámul ʈɛ̀ʈ, ki ʔɖ ámula ɗál kányà ŋ < Kadu ɗák kɪɗ ék ʔɖ ámula back pɔ̀rɔ́ŋɔ̀ʈ kùp ɔ̀rɔ́ŋɔ̀ʈ ɛ́rr ɛk kɛ́rr ɛɖɪ̀ŋ ṭááràk kɪɽ áára ɖɪ̀ k backbone àm ɪ̀[k] na àm ɪ̀[k] na ɽáára ʈ ɽáára ʈ bad asiyò ʔ asi ʈòʔ not good asíù as ɪ́ʈʈ òʔ bad nʈɛ̀n kí ʈɪ̀k ŋaḍɪɖ àk bad, old thing bamboo giok ɪ̀ʈ giàk ṭɛ lɪk ʈɛ lɪk bank, river pɔ́kɪʈ n ʈɛ ḍàŋɪ̀k kɪḍàŋɪ̀k nʈɔ̀ŋɪ̀ʈ baobab kɔmpur ɪ̀ʈ kik ɔmpúrì kamur ɪk kamurá ʔ bark of tree pɔ̀pá ʈɪ̀ʈ cf. Nilotic e.g. Jumjum pǝtǝkai, Shilluk padho, Luo opok bark of tree ʈáhuk ṭófuk cf. Katcha tofu basket soró ʔ kusoró ʔ sóóró kusóóró basket ár ɛ̀ kár ɛ̀ saffaláí kɪsaffaláí ʈáŋasàʔ kɪɖ áŋasw basket, àʔ bamboo basket large yayá ʔ kɪyayá ʔ 3 English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment bat rɪ́rù kɪ́rɪ́rù kábbíli ɖä ̀k kábbíl ɪ̀k kɪ́mb ɪlɪ̀ŋ kɪnɪkɪ́mb ɪ (mammal) lɪ̀ŋ be spoilt, ʔdàsò ʔdàsà ʈò rotten, angry be sufficient ɛ́ɖɛ́kàk bead kɔrɗiki ʈɛ̀ʈ kar ɖòʔ kur ɔ̀k kuur ɔk stone nyar ɗéé ɖàk nyar ɗaʔ beam of light kosín beans mùn ṭɔ́kɪ̀s mùn ṭáʔ, mù ɽáʔ mú ɽas ɪ̀k mu ɽáʔ, mú ɽeɖàk mu ɽáʔ mun ṭáʔ bear (child) ʈíjùk ʈijo ʈaʈùk ʈúje ʈújù beard bíàk kɪbíàk ɪ̀k ɓɛ̀k kɪɓ áʔ kíja[k] k ɪná ɖùk kíja[k] kɪnakwú ɖ ɪ̀ŋ beat bá bá ɗà beat bá ʈɛ̀ bá ʈàʈà ba ba ɗa beat (drum) báá báá ʈà bà ɖe bà ɖà because kɛ become mána má ʈana bed (split kulú ŋkɪ̀s kulú ŋkò, bamboo) koló ŋkò bed (string) ɛŋkɛrɛ́ʔ kɛŋkɛrɛ́ʔ <Beja via aŋgarêŋ ka ŋgarêŋ <Beja via Arabic Arabic bedbug ku ṭúŋwa ṭúŋɪnʈ ku ṭúŋwa ṭú kɔɽ áá ɽùŋ ɛ̀ʈ ŋwà bee ʈɪ́ju kɪʈìj ɔ cf. honey bee ʈɪ́ju n ʈɛ́ ɗál ‘child of ɗál aa ʈúju ‘child of ɗá[k] na ʈuju kɪɗ e[k] honey’ honey’ na ʈuju beer ʈɛrɛ̀ mɔɗ ú kum ɔɗɛɛ́ ́ʔ ʈar ɛʔ kɪɖɛ rɪk before, in lúl ɔ̀, lúllò, loc. of uss(w) ɪŋ front of lúlò lúlò ‘head’ begin verb + ɔnɔlúl ɔ̀ from the verb bɔ́ʈɔkà ‘to cut’ and ama, ama ʈa ‘to be about to’ behind ?ɛny belly óòm kóm ɪ̀k oŋ kwó ɖɛ nɛk ko ŋ kwur ɪ́ŋ ? cf. Southern Nilotic e.g. Pokot múù, for Temein, Jumjum kön, Mabaan kono for Tese etc. 4 English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment below, down kɪ́lla big ḿbù kɪ́mb ɪ̀k úbù kúb ɪ̀k cf. Keiga abul ɔŋɔ, Lendu bɔ̀, Teda bu, Lugbara ambo, Teso -pol big ɗùrù kum ɔ́kɔrà cf. Dongola Nubian d ū́ l, ʔ Dinik dúb ɔ̀, Tama dúút, Bari dúmà ʔ, Shilluk duo ŋ, Berta Undu ‘dúú ŋí, bird íaw ɛ̀ʔ kaw ɛ́ʔ naw ɛʔ kaw ɛ́ʔ nɔ́ì kwáì cf. Kanga ndoi bite ɛ́wí ɔ́wɔ́ɖɔ́ áwí ʈáʈáɖá also áwəɖɛ áwí áwú ʈà bitter mp ɪ́pɪ̀l àf ɪ̀lɪ̀k black nṭùṭɪ̀ŋ kun ṭùṭɪ̀ŋ úɽúɽɪ́ŋ án ɗúɽɪ́ŋ cf. Keiga a ɗuk, Gaam ɖùɪ́(n), Dilling uri, Kipsigis tʊɪ́, ̀ Acholi c ɔɔ́ ̀l, Bongo luti, Masalit duu ŋgi, blacksmith ʈɛɛ́ ́rəɖä ̀k ɛɛ́ ́rì blacksmith ɗéynì ʔ na nɛɛ́ ̀ kina bá ʈàn ʈɔɖɔ hádu ʔ kaa ɖɔ ha ɖɪ́ʔ ʈám ɖaɗɔ̀k < Kadu bá ʈàn black- afíìba ɖèì afála ɖòŋ throated dove bless kúú+ɛ + okú + ɔ́pú ŋɪ̀ʈ lit. ‘blow ɔ́pú ŋɪ̀ʈ with air’ blind kɔ́púl ɔ̀ʔ kɪ̀kɔ́pul ɪ̀k kahuló ʔ blind ṭuun ṭu ki ṭuun ṭu blood món ɪ̀ʈ mön ɪ̀k mon ɪ̀k ? cf. Nilotic e.g. Acholi remo, also Kenga mosò, Daju Darfur támöke blow kúú kw ɔɔ́ ́ʈɔ̀k kúú kw əɖa kúú kúú ʈà (mouth) blow on fire kúú kɔɔ́ ́ʈɔ̀ blunt, dull ja a ʈɛ k ɛɛ́ ̀ʔ not sharp blunt, dull ʔdúklu as ɪɖɪ yɪk ‘has no ʔdúkuluk teeth’ boat múrkàb kɪmúrkàb < Arabic body kɪ̀lí ʔ kɪlíí ʔ kɪ́li 5 English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment bone àm ɪ̀s kɔ́ma ʔ kɔmɛk kɔ́ma ʔ àm ɪ̀k kɔ́ma ʔ Assuming the key element of the root is the mV- then cf. Murle am ɛɛ n, Dinik ááma, Uduk asima, bow moon ɗí kímóón ɗì kam ɪɗɪ́ŋ boy, child ɗál kɪɗɛ́l dál kánya ŋ ɗák n ɖáámàk kɪɗɪŋ kɪnɖáám ɪ̀ ŋ brain nyúl maj ɔlɪ̀k maj ɔl ṭɔɛɛŋ branch sɪ́lɪmon ɪ̀ʈ kis ɪ́lɪm break ŋwɔṭ àk ŋwɔṭ aʈàk nyányumà áyy ɔmà áyy ɔmàɖ à breast ny ɛlɪkɪʈɛ̀ʈ kɪny ɛ́lɪ̀k ny ɛlɛɖə ̀k kɪny ɛlɪ̀k kɪny ɛlɖàk kɪny ɛlɪ̀k cf. Lotuko n ɛnay ɪ, breath ny ɪ́sɪlàk breathe, rest àŋáʈ ŋɪ́səlà ny ɪ́səlèi ny ɪ́səla ɖè i bring (here) mɔɔ́ ́n ɛ̀ mɔɔ́ ́ʈài ɛ̀ lit. ‘come aŋáɖɪ k aʈáá ɖɪ k akw ɛ̀ aˇeik ɛ̀ with’ brother, his, aranyuná karanyuná arányunà ʔ ɔrɔ́inà her brother, my aranyuná, n ɔ̀ŋ ɛrɪ́ŋɔ ar ɪ́ŋà my sibling brother, your ɔrɔnyun ɔ́ kɔrɔnyun ɔ́ örunò ɔráinù ŋ buffalo opún na kopún na bull of lɪk kɪlá ʔ kɔ̀rɔ̀m kɔ̀rɔ̀m earth build gánya gánya ʈà áʈanyà áʈanya ɖà ŋànà ŋànà ɖà building áʈanyàk bull opún kopún ɔtɔ́rr kwot ɔ́rɪ̀k < Arabic opún kopún toor bull II kw ɔ́lá ʔ aʈʈ áruk kú ʈaruk < Arabic toor bundle of ṭɔk thatching grass burn tr. lásu ɖu lásu ʈu probably connected with widespread isi for ‘fire’ burn, light ukogú uko ʈógu nyúr ɖɔ nyúr ʈɔ ɗárka ɖù ɗárka ɖaɖ also light cf. Berta Undu dáárà, Kadu fire tr. ù fire ogudaana (which may combine both roots) 6 English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment bury aṭuká aṭuká ʈà bush ʈɪ́rf ɛ álelei ku ɓɪŋ but aʔda, ny ɔkɔ́nṭɛ buttock kuuruk kukuuruk ʈúhù ŋ ku ɖuhò kɪsámbárá ŋ buy kɔ́lɔ́ʔbà kɔ́lɔ́ʔbà ʈà kw ɔ́labà kw ɔ́lbà kw ɔ́lba ɖà call kókwí kókwá ʈà kwókwu ɖà kwu ɖi kwu ʈʈ à camel kámpúlà ŋ kíkámpúlà ŋ kammalá ʔ kammaláá k can, be able áyák áyá ʈàk cf. know can, be able gɪʈárà gɪʈárà ʈà < Sudanese Arabic gadar captured ɖógo ʈò ko ɖógo ʈò ɖóko ʈòŋ ku ɖóko ʈò < Hill Nubian slave ŋ carnivore, wi ḍía na ku ɓɪŋ lέ[k] na ld animal ku ɓɪŋ carry (esp.