ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(23), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i23/75246, September 2015 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Mathematical Model for Evaluating of Sediment Transport (Case Study: Karkheh River in Iran) Farhang Azarang1*, Abdol Rasoul Telvari2, Hossein Sedghi1 and Mahmoud Shafai Bajestan3 1Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran - 1477893855, Iran; [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Water Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Reservoir dams are the most important hydraulic structures built on rivers and have a great impact on the river conditions. In this study, MIKE 11 mathematical model in Karkheh river is used in Iran. Karkheh River is one of the most important rivers of Iran on which Karkheh Reservoir Dam is built. MIKE 11 Model is used for simulation of flow and sediment in rivers. The studied Kriavrekr hfelohw R idvoerw annsdtr ceoammp ouft aKtiaornkahle rhe sRueltsse wrveorier cDoammp aarnedd eancdo emvaplausasteesd gweiotmh oebtrsiecr, vhaytdiornaual idc aatan.d C rsoesdsim seecnttios nianlf ogremomateiotrnic oafl cKhaarnkghesh oRfi vKearr kinh Aehb dRoivlkehr aunp asntrde aHmam (Aidbidyeohlk hhyadnr hoymdertormic esttraitci osntast. iMona)n wnienrge’ sc raolcuuglhanteeds sa cnode tfhfiec ibeenst t0 w.0a2y5s wtoa sp rceodniscitd cehreadn gfoesr shape. Longitudinal bed level changes of Karkheh River was estimated from upstream to downstream. Elevation changes of Kwaerrkeh ienhtr roidvuerc ebde. dE nwgaesl uonbdta-Hinaends eant tahned h Aycdkreorms-eWtrhicit est eaqtiuoantsio onfs A obffdeorlekdh abne t(tuerp sptrreedaimct)i oannsd o Hf cahmaindgiehs i(nd othwen Kstarrekahmeh) uRsivinegr MIKE 11 Model. According to the results of the study, it can be understood that Karkheh River has changed changes in its river bed shape and MIKE 11 Model can be an appropriate software for predicting sediment conditions of the rivers in Iran. Keywords: Karkheh River, MIKE 11, Sediment Transport, Total Sediment Load 1. Introduction water released from reservoir dam is so clear and possesses high sediment transport capacity, which causes the river Rivers are the most important water supplies and studying erosion at downstream the dam. The use of hydraulic and their hydraulic and sediment conditions are great matter. sediment simulation models in rivers can be very impor- One of the most important studies in this field is erosion tant for planning and studies of the watershed. Karkheh and sediment transport. Estimating of sediment transport Basin is one of the most important watersheds of Iran capacity in rivers is very important component in plan- which belongs to Karkheh River (the third biggest river ning and designing of soil conservation and watershed of Iran). Karkheh river is very important for Khouzestan treatment, river training, flood control and hydraulic province, because various agricultural projects is designed structures. In fluvial rivers and open channels, stream in this province. Our aims in this study have evaluated channel confluences produce significant changes in flow the sediment conditions of Karkheh River downstream regime, sediment transport and water quality. The study Karkheh Reservoir Dam and to predict changes in the of river bed changes is the issues which has attracted river geometry of the river. engineers. Attention to investigate the rate of scour and Keskin et al. simulated by MIKE 11 in Yuvacik Dam sedimentation is significant in studies of rivers and chan- Basin, simulation period in between the years 2001 and nels. With construction of reservoir dams, a large amount 2006, they calibrated the MIKE 11 Model with snowmelt of sediment are accumulated behind them. Therefore, and rain on snow events and verified with the daily event2. *Author for correspondence Mathematical Model for Evaluating of Sediment Transport (Case Study: Karkheh River in Iran) Attention to investigate the rate of scour and sedimentation is significant in studies of rivers and channels.Neary With et al. construction studied the ofsediment reservoir transport dams, aprocess large amountof 2.2of sedimentKarkheh are River accumulated Napa River using MIKE 11 Model. They used hydrody- behind them. Therefore, water released from reservoir dam is Karkhehso clear Riverand possessesis one of thehigh largest river in Iran that sedimentnamics transport and sediment capacity, transport which causes parts ofthe the river model erosion and at downstream the dam. The use of originated of the Zagros Mountains and in the downstream hydraulicstudied and the sediment river bed simulationelevation changes models between in rivers 1989 can and be very important for planning and of Karkheh basin falls into Hooralazim. Main branches studies1997 of 3the. Shvidchenko watershed. etKarkheh al. carried Basin out is theone simulation of the most of important watersheds of Iran which of Karkheh river in upstream of Karkheh Catchment is: belongsflood to Karkhehand sediment River transport (the third in biggest Coachella river Valley of Iran). using Karkheh river is very important for Gamasiab, Gharehsoo, Seymareh and Kashkan. KhouzestanMIKE 21province, model and because evaluated various sediment agricultural transport projects speci is- designed in this province. Our aims in thisfications study have of the evaluated river4. Timbadiya the sediment et al. haveconditions used MIKE of Karkheh River downstream Karkheh Reservoir11 Model Dam forand Tapi to predict Basin inchanges 2003 to in 2006, the geometry they calibrated of the river.2.3 Karkheh Reservoir Dam Attention to investigate the rate of scourKeskin andthe et MIKEsedi al. mentationsimulated 11 Model isby for significant MIKE Tapi River 11 in inand studies Yuv computedacik of Damrivers hydrau Basin, and- simulationKarkheh periodReservoir in betweenDam is thethe biggest earth dam on the channels. With construction of reservoiryears lic 2001dams, parameters, and a large2006, also, amount they they calibrated believedof sediment thethe simulationMIKEare accumulated 11 resultsModel withMiddle snowmelt East andand rainhas influencedon snow positively on its district behind them. Therefore, water releasedevents based fromand onverifiedreservoir the hydrodynamics with dam the is daily so modelingclearevent 2and. Neary canpossesses be et improvedal. studiedhigh thein sediment terms of transportplantation process area and of in addition has controlled sediment transport capacity, which causesNapa byRiver the using river using a two-dimensional erosion MIKE at 11 downstream Model. model They1 . the useddam. hydrodynamics The use of anddevastating sediment floods. transport The parts dam of was built at 2000. Figure 2 hydraulic and sediment simulation themodels model in and rivers studied can thebe riververy bedimportant elevation for changesplanning between and 1989show and Karkheh 19973. ReservoirShvidchenko Dam. et studies of the watershed. Karkheh Basinal. carried is one out of thethe simulation most important of flood watersheds and sediment of Iran transport which in Coachella Valley using MIKE 21 2. Material and Methods 4 belongs to Karkheh River (the thirdmodel biggest and river evaluated of Iran). sediment Karkheh transport river is specificationsvery important of forthe river2.4. Timbadiya Studied et River al. have Reach used of Karkheh Khouzestan province, because variousMIKE agricultural 11 Model projects for Tapi is designed Basin in in 2003 this province.to 2006, theyOur aimscalibrated the MIKE 11 Model for Tapi in this study have evaluated the sedimentRiver2.1 and conditions computedKarkheh of hydraulic CatchmentKarkheh parameters, River downstream also, they Karkheh believed the simulationThis study results focused based on on the the downstream of Karkheh Reservoir Dam and to predict changeshydrodynamics in theIran geometry is located modeling of thein river. canSouthwest be improved of Asia by usingand Karkheha two-dimensional Reservoir model Dam;1. the length of Karkheh River is approx- catchment area is located in south-western of Iran. imately 100 kilometers between the Abdolkhan Keskin et al. simulated by MIKE 112. in MaterialYuvacik Damand Methods Basin, simulation period in between the Downsteram of Karkheh River Catchment is located in hydrometric station and Hamidiyeh hydrometric station. years 2001 and 2006, they calibrated the MIKE 11 Model with snowmelt and rain on snow 2.1 Karkheh Catchment The study period of this research is exactly ten years, events and verified with the daily eventIran 2is.Khouzestan Neary located et inal. ProvinceSouthwest studied andthe of itsediment Asia has an and area transport Karkheh of ​​about process catchment 50 thou of- area is located in south-western of between 2001 and 2010. Napa River using MIKE 11 Model.Iran. They sandDownsteram used square hydrodynamics kilometers. of Karkheh Theand River sedimentaverage Catchment annual transport rainfallis located parts of the ofin Khouzestan Province and it has an the model and studied the river bed areaelevation Karkhehof about changes Catchment 50 betweenthousand is 5001989 square mm and and kilometers.1997 rainfall3. Shvidchenko and The precipita average et- annual rainfall of the Karkheh al. carried out the simulation of floodCatchment and tionsediment is isin 500 autumn,transport mm winterand in Coachella rainfall