The Thames and Hudson DICTIONARY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN AND DESIGNERS Alan and Isabella Livingston 445 illustrations, 59 in colour THAMES AND HUDSON Contents A reader's guide to the use of this book 6 Subject index 7 THE DICTIONARY I I Chronological chart 210 Bibliography 212 Sources of illustrations 214 Subject index Art Directors Rambow/Lienemeyer/ Graphic Designers/ Dumbar, Gert Agha, Mehemed van de Sand Typographers Dwiggins, William Fehmy Thompson, J. Walter Aicher, Otl Addison Brodovitch, Alexey Total Design Aldridge, Alan Eckersley, Tom Fleckhaus, Willy Trickett & Webb Allner, Walter H. Eckmann, Otto Golden, William Why Not Associates Arsovski, Mihajlo Edelmann, Heinz Hurlburt, Allen Wiener Werkstatte Ash, Stuart Eksell, Olle Klein, LOU Wolff Olins Awazu, Kiyoshi Elffers, Dick Liberman, Alexander Bailey, Dennis Facetti, Germano Lois, George Graphic Artists/ Ballmer, Thto Federico, Gene Morris, Talwin Illustrators Ballmer, Walter Feininger, Lyonel Paul, Arthur Bawden, Edward Bass, Saul Fletcher, Alan Pineles, Cipe Beardsley, Aubrey Bayer, Herbert Forbes, Colin Rand, Michael Blechman, R. 0. Beall, Lester Fraser, June Silverstein, Louis Burne-Jones, Sir Beck, Henry C. Freedman, Barnett Storch, Otto Edward Beeke, Anthon Friedman, Daniel Wolf, Henry Crane, Walter Behrens, Peter Froshaug, Anthony Davis, Paul Berlewi, Henryk Fukuda, Shigeo Design Studios/ Ertt Bill, Max Games, Abram Advertising Flagg, James Binder, Joseph Garland, Ken Agencies Montgomery Birdsall, Derek Garrett, Malcolm 8vo Folon, Jean-Michel Bradley, Will Geismar, Tom Ayer, N.W. & Son Fougasse Brattinga, Pieter Geissbuhler, Steff Beggarstaff Brothers, Fran~ois,Andrt Bretteville, Sheila Gentleman, David The Fraser, Claud Lovat Levrant de Gerstner, Karl Chermayeff & Fraser, Eric Brody, Neville Gill, Bob Geismar Inc. Grosz, George Brownjohn, Robert Giusti, George Cook and Shanosky Hardy, Dudley Brun, Donald Glaser, Milton Associates Klimowski, Andrzej Bubbles, Barney Gofin, Josse Design Research Unit Leyendecker, Joseph Burtin, Will Gorham, John (DRU) Christian Caflisch, Max Gray, Milner Doyle Dane Bernbach Mackmurdo, Arthur Casey, Jacqueline Greiman, April Gottschalk + Ash Heygate Cassandre, A. M. Grignani, Franco International Nash, Paul Cato, Ken Haggerty, Mick Grapus Pyle, Howard Chwast, Seymour Harak, Rudolph de Hipgnosis Ravilious, Eric Cieslewicz, Roman Harder, Rolf LeWitt-Him Rockwell, Norman Cooper, Muriel Havinden, Ashley M&Co Rossetti, Dante Crouwel, Wim Heartfield, John Mendell & Oberer Gabriel Danziger, Louis Henrion, F. H. K. Minale, Tattersfield Shahn, Ben Delaunay, Sonia Herdeg, Walter 81 Partners Steinberg, Saul DiSpigna, Tony Hillman, David Odermatt & Tissi Stone, Reynolds Disttfano, Juan Carlos Hillmann, Hans Pentagram Toorop, Jan Dorfsman, Lou Hlavsa, Oldrich Push Pin Studio Walker, Frederick Druckrey, Inge Hofrnann. Armin Subject index Huber, Max Oliver, Vaughan Weingart, Wolfgang Plakatstil Huszar, Vilmos Parrish, Maxfield Widmer, Jean Pop Art Image, Selwyn Peckolick, Alan Wright, Edward post-modernism Ishioka, Eiko Peret (Pere Torrent) Wunderlich, Gert Private Press Itten, Johannes Peters, Michael Wurman, Richard Movement Jacobson, Egbert Pfund, Roger Saul Psychedelia Jones, Terry Piatti, Celestine Wyman, Lance Punk Kalman, Tibor Pintori, Giovanni Yokoo, Tadanori Suprematism Kamekura, Yusaku Pirtle, Woody Zwart, Piet Surrealism Kauffer, Edward Rand, Paul Vienna Secession McKnight Ray, Man JournalslMagazines Vorticism Keaney, Siobhan Reid, Jamie Commercial Art Keller, Ernst Ricketts, Charles de Design National Summaries Kepes, Gyorgy Sousya- Emigrk American graphic Kinneir, Jock Roch, Ernst Fleuvon, The design Klimt, Gustav Rodchenko, Fortune British graphic design Kneebone, Peter Alexander Gebrauchsgraphik Dutch graphic design Kner, Albert Rogers, Bruce Graphis French graphic design Kurlansky, Mervyn Roling, Marte Harper's Bazaar German graphic- - Lambie-Nairn, Martin Roller, Alfred Idea design Landor, Walter Rosenwald, Laurie i-D Japanese graphic Leck, Bart van der Ruder, Emil Merz design Leu, Olaf Riiegg, Ruedi New Graphic Design Swiss Style/Swiss Licko, Zuzana Runyan, Robert Miles Octavo graphic design Lienemeyer, Gerhard Sand, Michael van de Pan Lionni, Leo Sandberg, Willem Penrose Annual, The Organizations/ Lissitzky, Lazar El Saville, Peter Poster, The Societies/Schools Lodge, Bernard Schleger, Hans (Ztr6) Savoy, The Alliance Graphique Lubalin, Herb Schmidt, Joost Studio, The Internationale (AGI) Lustig, Alvin Schmoller, Hans Typographica American Institute of McConnell, John Schuitema, Paul Typography Graphic Arts McCoy, Katherine Schwartzman, Arnold UGlc (AIGA) and Michael Schwitters, Kurt Ver Sacrum Art Directors Club McDonald, Edward Solomon, Barbara Vogue of New York Machado, Joao Stauffacher Yellow Book. The Arts and Crafts Majo, Willy Maks de Spencer, Herbert Exhibition Society Manwaring, Michael Spiekermann, Erik Movements/Styles Art Worker's Guild Mariscal, Javier Stankowski, Anton Art Deco Aspen International Massey, John Stoecklin, Niklaus Art Nouveau Design Conference Massin, Robert Sussman, Deborah Arts and Crafts Association Matter, Herbert Sutnar, Ladislav Movement Typographique Matthies, Holger Tanaka, Ikko Chap Book Style Internationale Modley, Rudolf Tattersfield, Brian Constructivism (ATYPI) Moholy-Nagy, Liszl6 Telingater, Solomon Cubism Bauhaus Monguzzi, Bruno Testa, Armando Dada Century Guild Moser, Koloman Thompson, Bradbury De Stijl Chartered Society of Muller, Rolf Tissi, Rosmarie Futurism Designers (CSD) Muller-Brockmann, Toorn, Jan van International Design and Industries Josef Tscherny, George Typographic Style Association (DIA) Munari, Bruno Tschichold, Jan Jugendstil Design Council Nagai, Kazumasa VanderLans, Rudy Modernism/Modern Designers and Art Neuburg, Hans Velde, Henry Movement Directors Association Noorda, Bob Clemens van de New Typography (D&AD) Oberer, Klaus Vignelli, Massimo New Wave Deutscher Werkbund Odgers, Jayme Vivarelli, Carlo L New York School Double Crown Club Subject index Federal Art Project Leupin, Herbert Werkman, Hendrik N. computer-aided (FAP) Mlodozeniec, Jan design (CAD) Federal Design Mucha, Alphonse Technical computer graphics Improvement Newbould, Frank Information computer input Program Nicholson, Sir A, B, C system of device ICOGRADA William standard paper sizes computer I/O (input/ IS0 Orazi, Emmanuel airbrush output) device Pira Penfield, Edward alphabet computerized Royal Designers for Pryde, James ampersand composition/ Industry (RDI) Purvis, Tom Anglo-American typesetting Ulm Hochschule fiir Quemec, Alain Le Point System computer languages Gestaltung Reed, Ethel animation computer output Rhead, Louis antique paper device Other Influential Savignac, Raymond appearing size computer terminal Figures Stankiewicz, Apple Macintosh condensed Albers, Josef Eugeniusz (Mac) Computer copperplate printing Apollinaire, Guillaume Starowieyski, Arabic numerals copyfitting Beddington, Jack Franciszek (Jan art paper corporate identity Doesburg, Thto van BY^) artwork, art, a/w daguerrotype, Gray, Nicolete Steinlen, Thtophile- ascender daguerreotype Gropius, Walter Alexandre asymmetric descender Hoffmann, Josef Swierzy, Waldemar typography design manual Jones, Owen Taylor, Fred author's corrections desktop publishing Katsumie, Masaru Tomaszewski, Henryk backslanted (DTP) Lewis, Wyndham Toulouse-Lautrec, bank paper diagram Loewy, Raymond Henri de bar chartlgraph Didot Point System Mackintosh, Charles Troxler, Niklaus bar code (Optical Bar digitization Rennie Villemot, Bernard Code Recognition, DIN Marinetti, Filippo OBR) display matterlsetting Tommaso PrintersIPrivate binding methods display size Muybridge, Eadweard Presses/Publishers Black Letter dot-matrix printer Neurath, Otto Ashendene Press bleed drop cap Pick, Frank Cranach Press blind embossed Egyptian Talbot, William Curwen, Harold body matterltext em Henry Fox Deberny & Peignot body type embossing Warde. Beatrice Doves Press bold, bold face en Eragny Press bond paper endmatter Poster Artists Golden Cockerel Press book face expandedlextended Aleksiun, Jan Jaromir Kelmscott Press border fat face Auriol, Georges Lane, Sir Allen caliper filmsetting Bernhard, Lucian Mardersteig, calligraphy finished art(work) Berthon, Paul Giovanni (Hans) cameo flexography Bonnard, Pierre Mason, John Henry camera-ready flow chart/flow Carlu, Jean Meynell, Sir Francis cartridge paper diagram Chtret, Jules Morris, William cast-coated paper folio Colin, Paul Newdigate, Bernard casting-off font (UK), fount (US) Cooper, Austin Nonesuch Press CD/ROM founder'slfoundry Erdt, Hans Rudi Officina Bodoni Chancery Italic/Script tY Pe Gipkens, Julius Simon, Oliver chrom~lithograph~ -6ur colour process Grasset, Eug6ne Updike, Daniel coated paper Fraktur Hassall, John Berkeley collage frontmatter Hohlwein, Ludwig Vale Press collotype full colour Klinger, Julius Vinne, Theodore colophon G/M D2 U Leete, Alfred Lowe de composition size Gothic Lenica, Jan Walker, Emery computer graph Subject index graphic design modern figures rebus Typeface Designers graphics tablet Monoline relief printing Benton, Morris Fuller grid Monotype ROM (Read Only Burns, Aaron Grotesque mouse Memory) Carter, Mathew halftone non-lining Roman Cooper, Oswald halftone process numerals/figures Roman numerals Excoffon, Roger Hart's Rules OBR saddle-stitching Frutiger, Adrian hot metal OCR sans serif Gill, Eric composition offset litho/offset screen printing Goudy, Frederic W. house style photolithography script Johnston, Edward ideogramlgraph old facelold style section-sewn binding Koch, Rudolf imitation