THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE DEFENSE VALUES TO STRENGTHEN BORDER COMMUNITY IN DEALING WITH THE THREAT OF PROXY WAR: Case Study of Sungai Limau Village, Central Sebatik Sub-District, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province 1 Wahyudi Alumni Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia ([email protected]) Abstract – Conditions of border area village of Sungai Limau, District Central Sebatik Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan province was geographically adjacent to the neighbour country Malaysia and the existence of two community groups who are different, both ethnically and religiously, have become challenges in the social life in Borderland area. From the aspect of Defense Studies, the dynamics could be potential targets of the Proxy War through the Border Region. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of Bela Negara (state defense) values to address it. This study aims to analyze the form in implementing the state defense values of the state defense in the border village of Sungai Limau in facing various challenges such as the susceptible threat of proxy war, using an analysis tool of the Bela Negara conception (State Defense) and Proxy War and Conception of Frontier Society. This study uses a qualitative method by collecting data obtains from interviews, observation, and literature. The result shows that the implementation of the state defense values among the frontier communities in Sungai Limau has the potential to be developed into power in the form of attitudes and practices of national and state awareness and place Pancasila as the state ideology and means of unifying societies that is reflected in the daily life. This can be a social capital to address the threats of proxy war in the border area. Keywords: State Defense, Proxy War, Frontier Community 1 Alumnus of Post Graduate School for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Indonesia Defense University, email: [email protected] The Implementation of State Defense Values to Strengthen Border Community ... | Wahyudi | 59 Introduction Central Sebatik Sub-district Indonesia.3 From the defense perspective, the ebatik Island is an island that has border region is an area that should be direct position against the state protected against both internal and of Sabah, Malaysia. Sebatik S external threats, since it might encounter Island is located in the border area with various threat toward the state Malaysia is not only dealing with issue of sovereignty particularly on the border defense and security but also facing the region that can be aggression, territorial complex economic, social, cultural, violations, armed insurrection, sabotage, environmental (geospatial) issues. espionage, armed terrorist acts, security Moreover, Sebatik Island is located in the threats sea and air, and communal border regions within the two different conflict4. According to Law No. 3 of 2002 countries.2 on National Defense, stated that the land Sungai Limau Village, which is and sea borders of Indonesia has geographically located in Sebatik Island, significance in safeguarding the national Indonesia and is one of the frontier sovereignty, territorial integrity and village within the sovereign territory of security of the entire nation from the Republic of Indonesia (Homeland) is threats, both from within and from administratively part of the Central outside. This is reinforced by the Sebatik Sub-District, Nunukan District, Indonesian Defense White Paper of 2008 North Kalimantan Province. The village is which states that some form of threat at made up of two immigrants ethnic, the border may be aggression and namely Bugis ethnic and ethnic Timor communal conflict.5 with Islam and Catholicism embraced by The community (Frontier both society respectively. On the other Community of Sebatik) has a high hand, the community of Sungai Limau dependency with outer area another has establish a direct interaction with the state (Malaysia) could eliminate their Malaysian community in the mainland sense of nationalism Malaysia may at any area which directly cross border with the 3 Mardin, Profile of Sungai Limau Village, (Sebatik: Village Government of Sungai Limau, 2 Sobar Sutisna, Study on Border Defense, The 2014). Development Plan to Establish Self Sufficient City 4 Ministry of Defense RI, White Paper of Defense, of Sebatik to Maintain the Homeland Integration, (Jakarta: Ministry of Defense RI, 2008). (Jakarta: University of Defense 2011). 5 Ibid. 60 | Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara | April 2017, Volume 1 Number 1 time manipulate them to infiltrate their nation, including those in border own country, or affecting the boundary communities, the outermost small by shifting the state boundary markers, islands, and rural areas. The border areas or performing acts of terror, and others.6 of both land and sea area cannot be The situation of Sebatik Island, maintained optimally by the military due which is one of OBP (Outstanding to limited personnel and equipment Boundary Problems) is also a potential Border communities are in daily contact source of conflict in the future, where with foreigners from countries bordering the island's east coast line is the starting with Indonesia must increase their point of delineation for national vigilance considering the border region is sovereignty at sea. The other strategic used as a gateway for people activities value related to the Ambalat renowned within the jurisdiction of Indonesia. High for its rich natural resources which is vigilance of border communities would located near Sebatik Island. Moreover, be different than the people in urban in this region there are also Indonesian areas and in other rural areas. The border Archipelagic Sea Lines (ALKI), that is ALKI communities are highly vulnerable to I and II flanking the eastern tip of the foreign penetration and infiltration Borneo Island and use as crossings for because it has direct contact trade, logistics, fuel and gas in the geographically with other countries and surrounding area. Other strategic value is may incurred economic interaction and the close location of Tawau town with economic transaction as well as close Sebatik Island. Tawau is the 3rd largest social and cultural relationship. The city in the State of Sabah and at the complexity of societal issues at the center of the business district in east border area is prone to infiltration by Malaysia region.7 various foreign interests that could Indonesian people precautions threaten the unity and endanger the against the various parties should be integrity of the Republic, so that the enhanced by all components of the dynamics of border communities is certainly very important, should be 6 Ariwibowo, dkk, Academic Study on the prioritized and built in order to become a Proposal for New Autonomy Region of Sebatik City East Kalimantan, (Surabaya: Universitas powerful deterrent in maintaining the Airlangga, 2012). 7 Sobar Sutisna, op.cit. sovereignty of the Republic on the The Implementation of State Defense Values to Strengthen Border Community ... | Wahyudi | 61 border with comprehensive state could come either from outside or from defense education and training8. within the state. The national defense It is important to underline this program as an effort for state defense issue considering the current threat of should be based on awareness about the proxy war in form of soft power that rights and obligations of citizens, as well might destroy the opponents with as confidence in our own strength.10 precise effects without the use of The Concept of State Defense and Proxy conventional weapons pose a threat to a War country particularly in the border region According to the 1945 Constitution in that as the frontier of a country. Proxy article 30 stated that "every citizen shall war is defined as a confrontation have the right and the duty to participate between two great powers by using a in the defense of state. Meanwhile, substitute actors to avoid direct according to the Law of the Republic of confrontation for the purpose of Indonesia Number 3 of 2002, article 9, reducing the risk of direct conflict that paragraph 1, on National Defense, the 9 might lead to the fatal risk destruction. State Defense effort is the attitude and The efforts of the Indonesian behavior of citizens imbued with love people, especially in the border region in toward the Unitary Republic of Indonesia the defending the country should be based on Pancasila and the 1945 triggered by the awareness and sense of Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia responsibility to participate in defending in ensuring the survival of the nation. the country in order to achieve the ideals Based on the Fundamental of State of independence under the National Defense by Ministry of Defense, that the Constitution of 1945, making it values in defending the country is a soft mandatory to participate in the state power in the form of character and defense activity from all kinds of threats, identity that should be owned by a disruption, challenges and obstacles that citizen of Indonesia consisting of patriotism, a sense of awareness toward 8 Agus Subagyo, Bela Negara, Challenge and the nation and state, faith to Pancasila as Opportunity in the Globalization Era, (Yogyakarta: PT Graha Ilmu, 2015). 9 Gatot Nurmantyo, Background Changes and 10 Budi Mardjoko, Program Implementation the Regional Conflicts: Challenges and Threats to the Border Frontier in Defending the Country in System of National Defense and State Defense, Sebatik Island, (Jakarta: University of Defense (Jakarta: Mabes TNI, 2015). Indonesia, 2013). 62 | Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara | April 2017, Volume 1 Number 1 the state ideology, using Pancasila as the development at the border area, require state ideology, willing to sacrifice for the a defense approach that has been nation and the basic ability to defend the agreed as a multidisciplinary science and state.11 also based on the life reality within Construction of state defense border communities and the future awareness is based on patriotism, predictions forward in increasing the consciousness of the state and nation, capacity of human resources.