i This proceedings is a collection of papers presented at the 2014 Philippine Korean Studies Symposium (PKSS) held on December 12-13, 2014 at GT-Toyota Auditorium, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. This event was organized by the UP Center for International Studies and Korea Foundation. Copyright © 2014 by the UP Department of Linguistics Copyright © 2014 All Speakers and Contributors ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2014 Philippine Korean Studies Symposium Committee Members: Raymund A. Abejo (Department of History) Kyungmin Bae (Department of Linguistics) Farah C. Cunanan (Department of Linguistics) Mark Rae C. De Chavez (Department of Linguistics) Jay-ar M. Igno (Department of Linguistics) Aldrin P. Lee (Department of Linguistics) Jiyeon Lee (Department of Linguistics) Michael C. Manahan (Department of Linguistics) Louise M. Marcelino (Department of Art Studies) Victoria Vidal (Department of Linguistics) Managing Editor : Aldrin P. Lee Copy Editor : Kyungmin Bae Assistant Editor : Apryll Lacandazo Cover design : Michael S. Manahan ii PREFACE Korea as an enterprise has recently been gaining considerable attention from Filipinos. Thanks mainly to Hallyu (Korean Wave), it has suddenly become part of the Filipino consciousness and the interest to study it in various aspects has finally been rekindled in the Philippine academe. There are definitely many other factors contributing to this phenomenal development but Hallyu has indeed remarkably made a difference in the process, owing to the huge influence that it renders to the populace through various media. Amid such growing interest toward Korea arises the need to understand its culture and society. It is in this respect where the role of the academe becomes notably significant. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines started to initiate programs aimed to create avenues for Korea- related academic endeavors. The University of the Philippines (UP) for instance, has been continuously establishing partnership agreements with various universities in Korea to facilitate faculty and student exchanges. UP is also the only university in the country that sits as member of the Korean Studies Association of Southeast Asia (KoSASA), a reflection of its commitment to develop Korea-related programs in its constituent universities. Other notable HEIs are the Ateneo de Manila University which has put up an incubation program for Korean Studies and the University of Asia and the Pacific which hosts the Samsung Korean Studies Program. These efforts, complemented by the generosity of the Korean Government and other partner institutions, have resulted to a substantial leap in the level of understanding that Filipinos have of Korea. As Korea becomes a positive brand among Filipinos and the bilateral ties between Korea and the Philippines become stronger, the field of Korean Studies as an academic discipline also becomes more relevant in the Philippine context. Academic undertakings began to operate on the principle of mutual learning and research became an essential tool to examine various phenomena that affect both countries in various domains. Intellectual discussions on Korean Studies in the Philippines are now regularly sought and venues for such events evolved from classrooms into auditoriums. The 1st Philippine Korean Studies Symposium (henceforth, PKSS) held in 2012, through the efforts of the UP Department of Linguistics and the Korea Foundation was a brilliant response to the need for a channel to tackle Korean Studies in the Philippines. The event showcased multidisciplinary topics on Korean Studies presented by Filipino scholars who had very diverse engagements with Korea as a research topic. Alongside scholars in the Philippines, Korean Studies experts from Korea, Australia and New Zealand were also invited to share their researches and provide insights on the prospects of Korean Studies in the country. With the theme iii “Strengthening Korean Studies in the Philippines”, it was indeed a symbolic take- off to a “stronger” era of Korean Studies undertakings in the Philippines. The success of the 1st PKSS paved way for the 2nd PKSS held in the following year, 2013. Still under the support of Korea Foundation, the 2nd PKSS was a project of the UP Center for International Studies and had the theme “Trending Now: Current Issues on Korean Studies”. While maintaining its multidisciplinary tone, the 2nd PKSS expanded its contextual scope from “local” to “global”, thus putting premium unto inquiries that engage Korea to the world. The Keynote Speaker, Dr. Charles Armstrong, addressed the participants along this line, as he rendered a clever analysis of the different phases of a “globalizing Korea” and how a “globalizing Philippines” fits into the picture. The 2nd PKSS also featured lectures from two distinguished Korean experts - Dr. Kyung-soo Chun from Seoul National University and Dr. Minjung Kim from Kangwon National University and ten outstanding papers authored by young Filipino scholars who are engaged in Korean Studies. True to its theme, the 2nd PKSS indeed became a venue for scholars from various disciplines to present and discuss their most current research undertakings on Korean Studies. Considering the tremendous success of the 1st and 2nd PKSS, the 3rd PKSS seemed inevitable. Given the relatively shorter time to prepare for the event, the PKSS Core Group, spearheaded by its progenitor Prof. Kyungmin Bae, brought the event’s 3rd edition back to its first home, the Department of Linguistics. Taking into consideration the themes of the 1st and 2nd PKSS, the Steering Committee decided on the theme “Forging Directions for Korean Studies in the Philippines” as the theme for the 3rd PKSS. This theme reflects the goals of the symposium, which include drawing up paradigms and framing new models for research collaborations and other engagements that could set directions for Korean Studies development in the Philippines. Basing on this theme, we invited two prominent scholars of Korean Studies abroad to help us benchmark Korean Studies in the Philippines against one world-renowned research center in Korean Studies and against Korean Studies program in another ASEAN country. The first one is Dr. Ho-min Sohn of the Center for Korean Studies in the University of Hawaii-Manoa (UH-Manoa) and the second one is Dr. Le Dang Hoan of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Dr. Sohn, who delivered the Keynote Speech, succinctly described the role of linguistics in Korean language teaching at UH-Manoa and how Korean language education propelled the growth of Korean Studies in said institution. Dr. Le Dang Hoan on the other hand, who presented on the 2nd day of the conference, discussed how translation of Korean literature served as a significant precursor in the development of Korean Studies in Vietnam. The experience of both UH-Manoa and Vietnam’s USSH affirms the important role of Korean language education in the development of Korean Studies in general. Dr. John Delury of the Graduate School of International Studies in iv Yonsei University also joined our distinguished roster of plenary speakers this year, delivering a fresh perspective, which utilizes a historical framework that looks upon the Yellow Sea wars and how they’ve figured in the current security tensions in the Korean Peninsula. Dr. Delury served as the 1st day’s 2nd plenary speaker. Joining Dr. Le Dang Hoan on the 2nd day is Prof. Hangrok Cho of Sangmyung University who discussed the implications of the newly re-structured Test of Proficiency in Korean Language (TOPIK). Finally, we also invited Dr. Younghan Kwon, President of the Philippine International College (PIC), to share his institution’s experience in establishing an academic program that focuses on Korean Studies and Ms. Alyzza Esteban, a senior BA Linguistics student in UP to share her experience as an exchange student in Korea. The 3rd PKSS also takes pride in eight excellent papers selected for the parallel sessions held in the afternoon of the 1st day. We were privileged enough to have some of the most promising Filipino scholars of Korean Studies in this pool, including Prof. Raymund Arthur Abejo of UP Department of History who is now officially a PhD Candidate in Korean History at the Academy of Korean Studies and Dr. Archie Resos of the University of Santo Tomas among others. During the parallel presentations, a reactor was assigned to every two presenters to render a constructive discussion and critique of the latter’s study. We were very honored to have been graced by a distinguished panel of reactors, including Dr. Ricardo Jose of the Director of UP Third World Studies Center, Dr. Josefa Schriever of the UP Department of English and Comparative Literature and Dr. Jose Wendell Capili, an ANU alumnus and currently the Assistant Vice President for Public Affairs of the UP System, to mention a few. The proceedings of the 3rd PKSS that follows in the next pages is therefore not merely a record of what exactly transpired during the one-and-a-half day symposium. Rather, it is an extraordinary collection of brilliant thoughts and ideas, which could definitely serve as an excellent reference for further discussion(s) or even as readings in Korea-related courses. The papers contained in this proceedings include all the plenary papers and all the selected papers (except that of Prof. Abejo) and are arranged based on the order of presentation during the Symposium. We have also included the profiles and email addresses of the authors (before their corresponding work) as well as the reactors (in the Appendices) not only to ensure that any query could be directed to them, but to also serve as reference/guide to interested readers. In addition, we are including a research paper written in Korean language for the first time, a reflection of a direction we may consider taking, that is, to eventually have a bilingual symposium and proceedings in the future. Alongside the pride of presenting to you this knowledge-packed proceedings, I would also like to take this opportunity to express gratitude to those who have wholeheartedly lent their support in coming up with this proceedings.