Feasibility study Flying Carpet Connection between P+R facility Glimmen and Groningen Airport Eelde by Autonomous Vehicles 119 Name of the Project Flying Carpet Authors J.P.L.H.A. Appel J. Bruinsma R. ten Have N.H. van Steenis J. Wilkens Clients Province Drenthe Groningen Airport Eelde Institute Hanzehogeschool Institute of Engineering (Assen) Center of Applied Research & Innovation on area development Noorderruimte Document date 5 March 2014 Status Final 119 Feasibility Study Flying Carpet Contents page Flying Carpet ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Abbreviations and definitions .............................................................................................................12 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................13 1.1 “Green Sustainable Airport” ........................................................................................................13 1.2 Accessibility issues at small airports ..........................................................................................14 1.3 Demands for improved accessibility at GAE ..............................................................................14 1.4 The location Groningen Airport Eelde ........................................................................................15 1.5 The “Flying Carpet” .....................................................................................................................16 1.6 Project goal .................................................................................................................................17 1.7 Demarcation ...............................................................................................................................17 1.8 Structure of the document ..........................................................................................................18 2 “State of the art” Autonomous Vehicle applications ................................................................19 2.1 Low autonomy AGVs ..................................................................................................................20 2.2 Medium autonomy AGVs ............................................................................................................23 2.3 High autonomy AGVs .................................................................................................................24 2.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................25 3 Safety & regulations .....................................................................................................................26 3.1 Public Space versus Private Space ...........................................................................................27 3.2 Legislation for public space ........................................................................................................28 3.3 Legislation for private space .......................................................................................................33 3.4 Rail-borne transport systems ......................................................................................................39 4 Stakeholders – Needs and demands ..........................................................................................41 4.1 User group ..................................................................................................................................41 4.2 Surrounding traffic ......................................................................................................................41 4.3 Residents ....................................................................................................................................41 4.4 Government ................................................................................................................................42 4.5 Exploitation .................................................................................................................................42 5 Concept .........................................................................................................................................43 5.1 Online booking ............................................................................................................................43 5.2 Arrival P+R facility by car ...........................................................................................................44 5.3 Navigation of car to parking spot ................................................................................................46 5.4 Travellers and luggage into AGV................................................................................................47 5.5 Interaction in and outside vehicle ...............................................................................................48 5.6 AGV brings travellers to departures hall at airport .....................................................................49 5.7 AV brings travellers from airport to parking spot ........................................................................49 5.8 Exiting the car park .....................................................................................................................49 5.9 Flowchart “Traveller to GAE” ......................................................................................................50 5.10 Flowchart “Traveller to car park”.................................................................................................50 6 Design of System Safety ..............................................................................................................51 6.1 Safety devices ............................................................................................................................51 6.2 AGV form factor ..........................................................................................................................52 6.3 Other safety measures ...............................................................................................................53 Version/status: Final Page 3 of 119 Feasibility Study Flying Carpet 7 Design of Automated Guided Vehicle System ..........................................................................54 7.1 Navigation ...................................................................................................................................54 7.2 Interaction chart ..........................................................................................................................57 7.3 Infrastructural measures – Cameras to supervise traffic ............................................................58 7.4 Weather conditions .....................................................................................................................58 7.5 TOMS - Central Control System .................................................................................................59 7.6 Communication network .............................................................................................................60 7.7 Costs ...........................................................................................................................................61 7.8 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................61 8 Design of Smart Parking System ................................................................................................62 8.1 P+R facility map ..........................................................................................................................62 8.2 Smart Parking System overview.................................................................................................64 8.3 Parktrac - Access control ............................................................................................................65 8.4 Vivaldi – Dynamic Parking Management ....................................................................................67 8.5 Flowchart ....................................................................................................................................68 8.6 Costs ...........................................................................................................................................69 8.7 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................69 9 Design of integration of AGV and Smart Parking systems ......................................................70 9.1 Data sharing ...............................................................................................................................70 9.2 System blocking prevention ........................................................................................................71 10 Design of the infrastructure ........................................................................................................72 10.1 Route through the business park................................................................................................72