A Lake and Watershed Management Plan For Koshlong Lake (Commemorating the KLA 50 th Anniversary) KLA Lake Management Plan (2013) Lake Plan Index Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 7 1.1 The Purpose and Scope of the Koshlong Lake Management Plan (KLMP) .. 8 1.2 Planning Approach ........................................................................................ 9 1.3 Information Sources and Support ................................................................ 11 1.4 Lake Plan Structure ..................................................................................... 12 1.5 Special Thanks ............................................................................................ 12 Chapter 2 Vision, Principles and Targets .............................................................. 13 2.1 Vision and Mandate .................................................................................... 13 2.2 Objectives and Targets ............................................................................... 14 2.3 Observations – Objectives & Targets .......................................................... 16 Chapter 3 Lake Description .................................................................................. 17 3.1 The Name Koshlong Lake ........................................................................... 17 3.2 Native History of Koshlong Lake ................................................................. 17 3.3 The Early Stages of Koshlong Community .................................................. 20 3.4 Roads and Early Cottagers ......................................................................... 21 3.5 Quaint Names ............................................................................................. 26 3.6 Observations – Historical Development ...................................................... 27 3.7 Recommendations – Historical Development .............................................. 27 3.8 General Location and Physical Characteristics ........................................... 28 3.9 Watershed ................................................................................................... 28 3.10 Observations ............................................................................................... 29 3.11 Recommendations - Watershed .................................................................. 29 3.12 Water Levels ............................................................................................... 29 3.13 Observations – Water Levels ...................................................................... 35 3.14 Recommendations – Water Levels .............................................................. 36 3.15 Access......................................................................................................... 36 3.16 Observations - Access ................................................................................ 36 3.17 Recommendations – Access ....................................................................... 37 3.18 Ownership ................................................................................................... 37 3.19 Observations - Ownership ........................................................................... 37 Chapter 1 – Introduction Page 2 KLA Lake Management Plan (2013) 3.20 Recommendations – Ownership ................................................................. 37 3.21 Global Warming (Climate Change) ............................................................. 37 Chapter 4 Social Elements ................................................................................... 39 4.1 Recreational Boating ................................................................................... 39 4.2 Personal Water Craft (PWC) ....................................................................... 40 4.3 Speed .......................................................................................................... 41 4.4 Navigation Aids (Buoys) .............................................................................. 42 4.5 Enforcement and Regulations ..................................................................... 42 4.6 Observations - Boating ................................................................................ 43 4.7 Recommendations - Boating ....................................................................... 44 4.8 Social, Cultural and Historic Sites ............................................................... 44 4.9 Observations – Social, Cultural and Historic Sites ...................................... 46 4.10 Recommendations – Social, Cultural and Historic Sites .............................. 46 4.11 Landscapes and Aesthetics ........................................................................ 46 4.12 Observations – Landscapes and Aesthetics................................................ 48 4.13 Recommendations – Landscapes and Aesthetics ....................................... 48 4.13 Noise and Lighting ...................................................................................... 48 4.14 Lighting Solutions ........................................................................................ 51 4.15 Observations – Noise and Lighting .............................................................. 51 4.16 Recommendations – Noise and Lighting ..................................................... 52 4.17 Safety – Personal and Property ................................................................... 52 4.18 Observations – Personal Safety .................................................................. 53 4.19 Recommendations – Personal Safety ......................................................... 53 4.20 Observations – Private Property .................................................................. 54 4.21 Recommendations – Private Property ......................................................... 54 Chapter 5 Natural Heritage ................................................................................... 55 5.1 Water Quality .............................................................................................. 55 5.2 Major Water Quality Concerns .................................................................... 62 5.3 Observations – Water Quality ...................................................................... 64 5.4 Recommendations – Water Quality ............................................................. 65 5.5 Vegetation ................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 1 – Introduction Page 3 KLA Lake Management Plan (2013) 5.6 Observations - Vegetation ........................................................................... 69 5.7 Recommendations – Vegetation ................................................................. 69 5.8 Wetlands ..................................................................................................... 69 5.9 Observations – Wetlands ............................................................................ 71 5.10 Recommendations – Wetlands .................................................................... 72 5.11 Streams ....................................................................................................... 73 5.12 Observations – Streams .............................................................................. 77 5.13 Recommendations – Streams ..................................................................... 77 5.14 Fish Community .......................................................................................... 77 5.15 Observations – Fish Community ................................................................. 80 5.16 Recommendations – Fish Community ......................................................... 81 5.17 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat ......................................................................... 81 5.18 Significant Mammals ................................................................................... 82 5.19 Significant Birds .......................................................................................... 89 5.20 Significant Reptiles and Amphibians ........................................................... 92 5.21 Observations ............................................................................................... 99 5.22 Recommendations – Wildlife ..................................................................... 100 5.23 Invasive Species ....................................................................................... 100 5.24 Observations – Invasive Species .............................................................. 106 5.25 Recommendations – Invasive Species ...................................................... 107 5.26 Rare Species and Species at Risk ............................................................ 107 5.27 Observations – Rare Species and Species at Risk ................................... 109 5.28 Recommendations – Rare Species and Species at Risk .......................... 109 Chapter 6 Surrounding Area ............................................................................... 110 6.1 Soils .......................................................................................................... 110 6.2 Observations - Soils .................................................................................. 110