Running head: OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY SAN MARCOS THESIS SIGNATURE PAGE THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION THESIS TITLE: A PILOT STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURES AMONG SELECTED CSUSM EMPLOYEES AUTHOR: SIAMAK DOROODI DATE OF SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE: NOVEMBER 29, 2017 THE THESIS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY THE THESIS COMMITTEE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTB IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION Emmanuel Iyiegbuniwe, Ph.D. ~"'~:i~:..a_ 11/ 2-1/ r7-- THESIS COMMITTEE CHAIR sIGNATURE DATE Christina Holub, Ph.D. lf {;)_9(l1- THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER DATE Kristine Diekman, M.F.A 11/dJ1!1r THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER SIGNATURE ~ Running head: OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM A PILOT STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURES AMONG SELECTED CSUSM EMPLOYEES Siamak Doroodi California State University San Marcos OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 2 Abstract We conducted a pilot study on personal noise exposure assessments for seventeen employees at California State University San Marcos (CSUSM) during August and September of 2017. Noise exposures were measured using calibrated dosimeters with data-logging capabilities to document average sound level (LAVG), eight-hour time weighted average sound level (LTWA), peak noise level (LCPK), and the Dose. In addition, all participants completed survey questionnaires inquiring about their use of personal protective equipment (hearing protection), knowledge of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PPE standards, and attitudes towards requirements for PPE. The results of this pilot study showed that LAVG ranged from 47.5 to 73.9 dBA (Dose = 0.1-9.7%) and the highest LCPK was found to be 140.6 dBA. All the participants were within OSHA’s permissible noise exposure standard of 90 dBA for an 8-hour period. However, two of the seventeen participants marginally exceeded the OSHA’s LCPK level of 140 dBA by 0.6 dBA.. The results from the survey questionnaire showed that 80% of the participants were satisfied with their PPE, approximately 87% wore their hearing protection when required. and followed all established CSUSM policies for hearing conservation. Overall, the results showed that CSUSM employees included in this study have minimal risks of developing hearing loss from occupational noise exposures. However, it is recommended that employees must continue to adhere to the existing and effective Hearing Conservation Program at CSUSM with a view to maintaining compliance with OSHA’s Occupational Noise Exposure Standard (29 CFR 1910.95). OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents for their endless love, sacrifices, and encouragement throughout my life. I am extremely thankful for their continued support. I would also like to sincerely thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Emmanuel Iyiegbuniwe, for his guidance throughout this MPH degree program as well as my thesis committee members, Dr. Christina Holub and Prof. Kristine Diekman for their support and feedback. It was a privilege to work with Dr. Iyiegbuniwe, and I greatly appreciate the opportunity to conduct this pilot study, guided by his expertise. I would also like to thank Dr. Holub for her advice and for providing me with the tools and knowledge that will guide me in my career to become a successful public health scientist. OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 4 List of Tables Table 1. Average survey responses for demographic data from pilot study. Table 2. Summary of personal noise exposure results by occupation. Table 3. Survey responses to the selected to the questions below, arranged by job title as a group. Table 4. Survey responses to the selected questions below, arranged by job title as a group. Table 5. Survey responses to the selected questions below, arranged by job title as a group. Table 6. Description of participants included in the Noise Pilot Study. Table 7. Results of personal Noise Exposure. Table 8. Summary of personal noise exposure results. Table 9. Results of personal noise exposure by job title. Table 10. One-way ANOVA results for demographic data from survey responses (including Administrative assistants). Table 11. One-way ANOVA results for employee related data from survey responses (including Administrative assistants). Table 12. One-way ANOVA results for PPE knowledge and usage from survey responses (excluding Administrative assistant responses). Table 13. One-way ANOVA results for attitudes towards PPE from survey responses (excluding Administrative assistant responses). Table 14. Selected survey responses regarding employment at CSUSM. Table 15. Participant’s responses to survey questions regarding PPE usage. Table 16. Survey Responses regarding description of PPE usage and potential noise sources. Table 17. Survey Responses regarding feelings and attitudes towards PPE. Table 18. Participant’s responses to questions regarding demographics. OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 5 Table 19. Sampling dates and times for personal noise exposure recordings. OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 6 List of Figures Figure 1. Distribution of the participants who took the survey for the personal noise exposure sampling. Figure 2. Age demographics from survey responses. Figure 3. Race/Ethnicity demographics from survey responses. Figure 4. Education demographics from survey responses. Figure 5. Participant’s responses to the survey question, “How many hours per shift (out of 8 hours) are you outside?” Figure 6. Survey responses to “Do you wear PPE (e.g. hearing protection) during your work shift/session when required by OSHA standards?” by job title. Figure 7. Survey responses to “In the past month how often did you wear hearing protection while working at CSUSM?” by job title. Figure 8. Level of extent response to “I am satisfied with my required PPE” survey response by job title. Figure 9. Level of extent response to “Hearing protection is conveniently located at my worksite” survey response by occupation. Figure 10. Level of extent response to “Wearing PPE causes me discomfort” survey response by occupation. Figure 11. Level of extent response to “I do not know why I should wear PPE” survey response by occupation. Figure 12. Statistical summary of personal noise exposure for time weighted average data from individual readings. OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 7 Figure 13. Statistical summary of personal noise exposure for Peak data from individual readings. Figure 14. Statistical summary of personal noise exposure for Dose data from individual readings. Figure 15. Summary of personal noise exposure results for average noise exposure levels based on job title. Figure 16. Statistical summary of personal noise exposure for Time-weighted average based on job titles. Figure 17. Statistical summary of personal noise exposure for peak recording based on job titles. Figure 18. Statistical summary of personal noise exposure based on job titles. OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE PILOT STUDY AT CSUSM 8 Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 4 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 11 Health Effects of Noise Exposure ......................................................................................... 13 Noise-induced Hearing Loss ................................................................................................. 14 Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss ........................................................................... 15 Prevention of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss .................................................... 16 Previous Studies on Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss .......................................... 17 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Participants Recruitment........................................................................................................ 20 Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 20 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................................ 22 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Participants ............................................................................................................................ 23 Survey Responses .................................................................................................................. 24 Personal Noise Exposure Recordings ...................................................................................