Plant species first recognised as naturalised or naturalising for New South Wales in 2004 and 2005 John R. Hosking1, Barry J. Conn2, Brendan J. Lepschi3 and Clive H. Barker4 1Industry & Investment New South Wales, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia; [email protected] 2National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; [email protected] 3Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected] 428 Wallis Street, Lawson, NSW 2783, Australia: [email protected] Abstract: Information is provided on the taxonomy and distribution of 62 taxa of naturalised or naturalising plants newly recorded for the state of New South Wales during the period 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005 and 1 species treated in the 2002 revised Flora of New South Wales Volume 2 but overlooked in an earlier paper of this series. Of these taxa, 17 are new records for Australia (prefaced with a †). The 62 taxa are: Acer palmatum, †Acer saccharinum, Achillea filipendulina, Acokanthera oblongifolia, †Anemone hupehensis var. japonica, Berberis aquifolium, †Bidens aurea, †Brugmansia suaveolens, Brugmansia x candida, Buddleja dysophylla, †Convolvulus farinosus, Cordyline australis, Coriandrum sativum, Corymbia citriodora (Australian species naturalised outside its native range), Crassula ericoides subsp. ericoides, Crotalaria retusa (Australian species naturalised outside its native range), Cyperus prolifer, Echinochloa polystachya, Ficus carica, †Gladiolus dalenii, †Gladiolus cultivar, Hakea laurina (Western Australian species), Hemerocallis fulva var. fulva, Hieracium pilosella, Hydrangea macrophylla, Hydrocleys nymphoides, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Hypericum calycinum, Impatiens balfouri, Indigofera spicata, Iris laevigata, †Juglans ailantifolia, Lilium lancifolium, Lygodium japonicum, Malephora crocea, Mauranthemum paludosum, Melastoma malabathricum, †Nassella tenuissima, Pelargonium quercifolium, †Phoenix reclinata, Phormium tenax, Pinus contorta, Podranea ricasoliana, †Polygonatum x hybridum, Polypremum procumbens, †Primula malacoides, Rhaphiolepis umbellata, Romneya coulteri, Romneya trichocalyx, Setaria incrassata, †Sideritis lanata, †Sorbus aucuparia, Spartium junceum, Stylosanthes guianensis, Stylosanthes humilis, †Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus, Syzygium paniculatum (Australian species naturalising outside its native range), Tibouchina urvilleana, †Tradescantia cerinthoides, †Utricularia sandersonii, Washingtonia filifera and Zephyranthes carinata. The overlooked species is Eugenia uniflora. Appendix 1 summarises information on the 174 species covered in this paper or the two previous papers in the series (Hosking et al. 2003, Hosking et al. 2007). Cunninghamia (2011) 12 (1) : 85–114 Introduction the period 2004–2005 and follows the format of Hosking et al. (2007). Only taxa considered to be spreading from This paper is part of a series covering taxa recognised as initial plantings or other naturalisations (e.g. from discarded naturalised or naturalising by the National Herbarium of New garden refuse) are covered. ‘Naturalised’ in this paper refers South Wales (standard code for this herbarium, NSW, is used to non-native taxa that have been reproducing (sexually throughout this paper). Earlier papers covered the periods or vegetatively) in the wild for at least one generation. 2000–2001 and 2002–2003 (Hosking et al. 2003, Hosking ‘Naturalising’ covers taxa growing in the wild that have not et al. 2007). This paper draws attention to a number of new yet reproduced, or are not spreading vegetatively. naturalisations recorded for the state of New South Wales (N.S.W.) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) over Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia © 2011 Botanic Gardens Trust www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/cunninghamia 86 Cunninghamia 12(1): 2011 Hosking et al, Plant species first recognised as naturalised/naturalising for New South Wales in 2004-05 Methods local floras, including local government weeds officers, environmental consultants, bush regenerators, professional All taxa treated are represented by vouchers lodged at NSW botanists and staff from Landcare and Greening Australia or the Australian National Herbarium, Canberra (CANB). A and (ii) specimens retained by herbaria who provide plant number of taxa listed were first collected prior to 2004 but identifications for the general public, government agencies are included here as these records were overlooked for Flora and other professionals. of New South Wales accounts, or in our earlier accounts, and It is hoped that publication of new records of plant species were subsequently noted during 2004 or 2005. Following naturalised in N.S.W. will prompt further collections of recent collections a few old specimens stored at the end introduced species. In the long term, this approach will focus of genera and families in the NSW collection were able to attention on potential problem species, and hopefully lead to be determined to species. There are also likely to be other their eradication before they have the opportunity to spread records of recently naturalised species collected in the area and become serious weeds. during 2004 and 2005 that are housed at other Australian herbaria and we urge collectors in other states to lodge Appendix 1 summarises information on the 174 species material collected from the Australian Capital Territory or in this paper or in the two previous papers in the series New South Wales at either CANB or NSW. (Hosking et al. 2003, Hosking et al. 2007). Name, Family, Growth Form, First Record, Botanical Regions, Place of The Germplasm Resources Information Network database Origin, Introduction Source, Weed Potential in NSW, and (USDA) (URL http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/ Cunninghamia volume are provided. taxgenform.pl) and The International Plant Name Index (http://www.ipni.org/index.html) were extensively consulted to determine currently accepted names, authorities and native Plant species first recognised as naturalised in range of taxa covered in this paper. The PlantNET website New South Wales during 2004 and 2005 (NSW) (http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/) was used to The following taxa are grouped as follows: Ferns, Conifers determine the current status of knowledge of introduced and allies, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons, then listed plants in New South Wales (PlantNET 1999+). The NSW in alphabetical order by family (based on the Angiosperm Collections (NSW) and Australian National Herbarium Phylogeny Website (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/ Specimen Information Records (CANB) databases, together Research/APweb/welcome.html), then by genus and species, with the Australia’s Virtual Herbarium website (http://www. followed by vernacular name (where known). This is ersa.edu.au/avh/) were extensively used to determine the followed by references to published descriptions (including known records of introduced taxa. botanical illustrations and photographs), region of origin, Taxon names used are those currently adopted by NSW and distribution within N.S.W. according to botanical regions, can be viewed in PlantNET (1999+). Nomenclatural details habitat preferences (including areas where the taxon is likely were checked in APNI (1993+). Herbarium codes follow to naturalise based on native range and areas where it has Holmgren et al. (1990). naturalised (if such information can be determined), the first known herbarium record, additional herbarium records Information on means of dispersal of various taxa treated in for the State and miscellaneous notes (including relative this paper is given under ‘Notes’ for each taxon where this abundance, invasiveness and whether naturalised in other is known. Where the dispersal mechanism is not listed, the states or overseas). Authorities for native species are those taxon concerned is presumed to spread by seed. However, currently recognised at the National Herbarium of New the actual means of dispersal is not known for a number of South Wales (NSW). taxa treated. Ferns Discussion Lygodiaceae The definition of the term ‘naturalised’ as used in this paper is outlined above. Given that there is a degree of disagreement Lygodium japonicum Sw. as to how this term should be applied (see Richardson et Japanese Climbing Fern al. 2000, Pyšek et al. 2004), we have provided additional information on numbers of plants present, area covered and DESCRIPTION: Climbing fern. See Chinnock in McCarthy (1998) and reproductive status of all taxa treated in this paper to allow Diggs et al. (2006). for these differences in interpretation. REGION OF ORIGIN: Native of Asia from Japan and eastern and southern China to Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea. There are many ways of detecting new plant naturalisations (Hosking et al. 2001). The records of plant naturalisations NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRIBUTION / HABITATS: Central Coast. Recorded from bushland. in N.S.W. listed below are the result of (i) collections made by experts who have a reasonable knowledge of Cunninghamia 12(1): 2011 Hosking et al, Plant species first recognised as naturalised/naturalising for New South Wales in 2004-05 87 FIRST RECORD: Below Gnarbo, Kogarah, M. Monera s.n., 4 Aug DESCRIPTION: Herb to 25 cm high. See Hooker (1825), Lindley 2000 (NSW). (1825) and Ji & Meerow in Wu & Raven (2000, 2002). NOTES: Spread by movement of spores and locally by rhizomes. Notes