DISLAIMER: This is the SAVeRS project deliverable and not an official CEDR Publication. If and when a CEDR publication will be issued this will be posted on the CEDR website (www.cedr.eu) and it could be amended as compared to this project Deliverable. CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme Call 2012: Safety: Use of Vehicle Restraint Systems Funded by Belgium/Flanders, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom SAVeRS Guideline for the selection of the most appropriate Roadside Vehicle Restraint System Deliverable D3.1 June 2015 Partners: University of Florence, Italy TRL Ltd, United Kingdom Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Sweden Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Slovenia AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Austria Parsons Brinckerhoff, United Kingdom Belgian Road Research Centre, Belgium CEDR Call 2012: Safety: Use of Vehicle Restraint Systems CEDR Call2012: Safety: Use of Vehicle Restraint Systems SAVeRS Selection of Appropriate Vehicle Restraint Systems Guideline for the selection of the most appropriate Roadside Vehicle Restraint System Due date of deliverable: 31.12.2014 Actual submission date: 03.03.2015 Start date of project: 01.01.2013 End date of project: 31.12.2014 Authors of this deliverable: Francesca La Torre, University of Florence, Italy Ceki Erginbas, TRL Ltd, United Kingdom Gavin Williams, TRL Ltd, United Kingdom Robert Thomson, Chalmers University of Technology (representing the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute), Sweden Graham Hemmings, Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd, United Kingdom Christian Stefan, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Austria PEB Project Managers: Alastair De Beer, National Road Authority, Ireland Mats Pettersson, Swedish Transport Administration, Sweden Version: June, 2015 CEDR Call 2012: Safety: Use of Vehicle Restraint Systems Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... i 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3 2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR A VRS (BARRIER PLACEMENT GUIDANCE) .. 5 2.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Forgiving Roadsides .................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Decision on where a roadside barrier is needed ........................................................ 6 2.3.1 Embankments (Falling Slopes) ........................................................................... 6 2.3.2 Cuts (Rising Slopes) ........................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Non-deformable Continuous Hazards ................................................................ 7 2.3.4 Non-deformable Individual Hazards ................................................................... 8 2.3.5 Permanent Bodies or Streams of Water ........................................................... 11 2.3.6 Chemical Works, Petroleum Storage Tanks, Locations of Hazardous Material11 2.3.7 Heavily Used Walkways, Locations of Public Gathering .................................. 11 2.3.8 Heavily Used Bicycle Paths .............................................................................. 11 2.3.9 Adjacent Rail Lines ........................................................................................... 12 2.3.10 Adjacent Roads ................................................................................................ 12 2.3.11 Structures at Risk of Collapse .......................................................................... 12 2.3.12 Objects which can Cause Severe Traffic Disruptions if Damaged ................... 13 2.3.13 Environmental Concern Such as Source of Drinking Water ............................. 13 2.4 Risk assessment methods for identifying the need for a VRS ................................. 13 2.5 Decision on Where a Median Barrier is needed ...................................................... 16 2.6 Decision on Where a Bridge Parapet / Barrier is needed: ....................................... 17 2.7 Definition of the Length of Need .............................................................................. 17 2.7.1 The Length of Need concept ............................................................................ 17 2.7.2 Length of Need Background ............................................................................. 17 2.7.3 LON Specification ............................................................................................. 18 2.7.4 Application to the SAVeRS Guideline ............................................................... 21 3 SAFETY BARRIERS (INCLUDING BRIDGE PARAPETS) ............................................. 23 3.1 The multi-level approach .......................................................................................... 23 3.2 Decision process ...................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Run Off Road model ................................................................................................ 29 3.3.1 Structure of the Run Off Road Model ............................................................... 29 3.3.2 Motorways ........................................................................................................ 30 3.3.3 Two-lane, two-ways rural roads ........................................................................ 36 3.4 Impact energy distribution models ........................................................................... 40 3.5 Severity distribution functions .................................................................................. 44 3.6 Whole life cost model ............................................................................................... 47 4 RECOMMENDATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINE BY NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITIES ...................................................................................... 49 CEDR Call 2012: Safety: Use of Vehicle Restraint Systems 4.1 Selection Procedure ................................................................................................. 49 4.2 Application to selected EU Countries ....................................................................... 53 4.2.1 Italy ................................................................................................................... 53 4.2.2 UK ..................................................................................................................... 57 4.3 Application at the design stage ................................................................................ 59 4.3.1 Use of the tool at the design stage ................................................................... 59 4.3.2 Worked examples ............................................................................................. 60 4.3.3 Conclusions from the Pilot Sites Analysis ......................................................... 63 5 CRASH CUSHIONS AND TERMINALS ......................................................................... 68 5.1 Crash cushions ........................................................................................................ 68 5.2 Terminals ................................................................................................................. 71 6 MOTORCYCLE PROTECTION SYSTEMS .................................................................... 75 7 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 78 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 79 9 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 80 ANNEX 1 - GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................... 1 ANNEX 2 - DEVELOPMENT OF A BASE SAFETY PERFORMANCE FUNCTION .............. 12 ANNEX 3 - CALIBRATION OF THE MOTORWAY RUN-OFF-ROAD MODEL ...................... 15 ANNEX 4 - CALIBRATION OF THE RURAL TWO-LANE TWO-WAYS RUN-OFF-ROAD MODEL ................................................................................................................................... 16 ANNEX 5 - DEVELOPMENT OF AN HGV IMPACT ENERGY DISTRIBUTION .................... 17 ANNEX 6 - SEVERITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS ........................................................... 24 CEDR Call 2012: Safety: Use of Vehicle Restraint Systems List of figures Figure 1: Risk Model ................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Risk classification processes used in Belgium (Flanders) ...................................... 14 Figure 3: Risk classification processes used in Germany ...................................................... 15 Figure 4: Tabulated assessment of risk, as used in Spain ..................................................... 15 Figure 5: Determination of barrier containment level, based on accident risk in Spain .......... 15 Figure 6: Length of Need ........................................................................................................ 18 Figure