FAMILY Torpedinidae Henle, 1834 - electric torpedo rays [=?Plagiostomes Dumeril, 1805, Torpedines Henle, 1834, Narcaciontoidae Gill, 1862, Narcobatidae Jordan, 1895] Notes: ?Plagiostomes Duméril, 1805:102 [ref. 1151] (family) ? Torpedo [sometimes seen as Plagiostomata; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Torpedines Henle, 1834:29 [ref. 2092] (Gruppe?) Torpedo [stem Torpedin- confirmed by Bonaparte 1835:[3] [ref. 32242], by Günther 1870:448 [ref. 1995], by Gill 1873:790 [ref. 17631], by Carus 1893:527 [ref. 17975], by Fowler 1947:15 [ref. 1458], by Lindberg 1971:56 [ref. 27211] and by Nelson 1976:42 [ref. 32838]; name sometimes seen as Torpedidae or Torpedinae; senior objective synonym of Narcobatidae Jordan, 1895] Narcaciontoidae Gill, 1862p:386 [ref. 1783] (family) Narcacion [also as subfamily Narcaciontinae] Narcobatidae Jordan, 1895:387 [ref. 2394] (family) Narcobatus [junior objective synonym of Torpedines, invalid, Article 61.3.2] GENUS Tetronarce Gill, 1862 - torpedo rays [=Tetronarce Gill [T. N.], 1862:387] Notes: [ref. 1783]. Fem. Torpedo occidentalis Storer, 1843. Type by original designation as name in parentheses in key (also monotypic). Spelled Tetranarce by Jordan 1919:307 [ref. 4904], who regarded the original Tetronarce as a misspelling. Tetronarcine Tanaka, 1908:2 is a misspelling. •Synonym of Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764, but a valid subgenus Tetronarce -- (Compagno 1999:487 [ref. 25589], Carvalho et al. 2002:2 [ref. 26091], Haas & Ebert 2006:1 [ref. 28818]). •Synonym of Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764 -- (Cappetta 1987:161 [ref. 6348], Compagno & Heemstra 2007:43 [ref. 29194]). •Valid as Tetronarce Gill, 1862 -- (Ebert et al. 2013:341 [ref. 33045]). Current status: Valid as Tetronarce Gill, 1862. Torpedinidae. Species Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855) - Pacific electric ray [=Torpedo californica Ayres [W. O.], 1855:70] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 159] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific, possibly Japan. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert et al., 2015 - Cowley's torpedo ray [=Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert [D. A.], Haas [D. L.] & de Carvalho [M. R.], 2015:239, Figs. 2-6] Notes: [Zootaxa 3936 (no. 2); ref. 33710] Atlantic Ocean, off the west coast of South Africa, 33°39.0'S, 17°34.0'E, depth 262 meters. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert, Haas & de Carvalho, 2015. Torpedinidae. Distribution: Namibia to South Africa. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce formosa (Haas & Ebert, 2006) - Taiwan torpedo ray [=Torpedo formosa Haas [D. L.] & Ebert [D. A.], 2006:2, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1320; ref. 28818] Tashi Fish Market, Tashi [Daxi], northeastern Taiwan, 24°53'N, 122°01'E. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce formosa (Haas & Ebert, 2006). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835) - Atlantic torpedo [=Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte [C. L.], 1835:fasc. 12, punt. 63, Pl. 154, Torpedo emarginata McCoy [F.], 1841:407, Fig., Torpedo fairchildi Hutton [F. W.], 1872:83, Pl. 12 (fig. 134), Torpedo fusca Parker [T. J.], 1884:283, Pl. 22, Torpedo hebetans Lowe [R. T.], 1838:195, Notastrape macneilli Whitley [G. P.], 1932:327, Torpedo nigra Guichenot [A.], 1850:131, Pl. 8 (figs. 1, 1a-1b), Torpedo walshii Thompson [W.], 1856:256] Notes: [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 518] Italy, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: North Sea to South Africa including Madeira and Canary Islands; ?western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Canada) to Brazil. Habitat: marine. (emarginata) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 6 (no. 39) (art. 46); ref. 17754] Dublin Bay, Ireland, northeastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Habitat: marine. (fairchildi) [Fishes of New Zealand (Hutton); ref. 2287] Napier Harbor, New Zealand. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Distribution: New Zealand, possibly Norfolk Island [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (fusca) [Transactions New Zealand Institute v. 16 (art. 19); ref. 13764] Purakanui, near Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Habitat: marine. (hebetans) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 2 (pt 3, art. 14); ref. 2831] Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Habitat: marine. (macneilli) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 6); ref. 4674] 9 miles east of Green Cape, New South Wales, Australia, depth 49 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Australia or Indo-West Pacific [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (nigra) [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Habitat: marine. (walshii) [Fishes of Ireland; ref. 4390] Ireland, northeastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835). Torpedinidae. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce occidentalis (Storer, 1843) - Atlantic torpedo [=Torpedo occidentalis Storer [D. H.], 1843:166, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [American Journal of Science and Arts v. 45 (no. 1) (art. 18); ref. 18832] Wellfleet, Massachusetts, U.S.A., eastern North Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce occidentalis (Storer, 1843). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) to Venezuela. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce puelcha (Lahille, 1926) - Argentine torpedo [=Torpedo puelcha Lahille [F.], 1926:408] Notes: [Physis (Buenos Aires) v. 8 (no. 28); ref. 24910] Off Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce puelcha (Lahille, 1926). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce tokionis Tanaka, 1908 - trapezoid torpedo ray, longtail torpedo ray [=Tetronarcine tokionis Tanaka [S.], 1908:2, Figured] Notes: [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 23 (art. 7); ref. 6032] Tokyo fish market, Japan. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce tokionis Tanaka, 1908. Torpedinidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959) - Chilean torpedo [=Torpedo tremens de Buen [F.], 1959:259, Fig. 1, Torpedo microdiscus Parin [N. V.] & Kotlyar [A. N.], 1985:709, Figs. 1a, 2, Torpedo tremens peruana Chirichigno F. [N.], 1963:4, Fig. 1, Torpedo semipelagica Parin [N. V.] & Kotlyar [A. N.], 1985:714, Figs. 1c, 5] Notes: [Revista de Biologia Marina, Valparaiso v. 9 (nos 1-3); ref. 11964] Near Valparaíso, Chile. Current status: Valid as Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to Chile and offshore islands. Habitat: marine. (microdiscus) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 25 (no. 5); ref. 17260] Junction of Naska and Sala y Gomez ridges, southeastern Pacific, 25°39'S, 85°23'W, depth 180-280 meters. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Chile [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (peruana) [Serrie de divulgación cientifica / Servicio de Pesquería, Ministerio de Agriculture. Lima, No. 20; ref. 4484] Paita Bay, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Peru and Galápagos Islands [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (semipelagica) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 25 (no. 5); ref. 17260] Junction of Naska and Sala y Gomez ridges, southeastern Pacific, 25°27'[or 25°42']S, 85°27'W depth 175-210 meters. Current status: Synonym of Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959). Torpedinidae. Distribution: Chile [if valid]. Habitat: marine. GENUS Torpedo Dumeril, 1806 - torpedo rays [=Torpedo Duméril [A. M. C.], 1806:102, 343, Eunarce (subgenus of Narcobatus) Fowler [H. W.], 1910:472, Fimbriotorpedo (subgenus of Torpedo) Fritsch [G. T.], 1884:451, Gymnotorpedo (subgenus of Torpedo) Fritsch [G. T.], 1884:451, Narcacion Klein [J. T.], 1776:237, Narcacion Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:580, Narcacion Gill [T. N.] (ex Klein), 1861:61, Narcacion Bleeker [P.] (ex Klein), 1865:171, Narcobatus (subgenus of Raia) Blainville [H. de], 1816:121, Notastrape Whitley [G. P.], 1932:327, Tetronarcine Tanaka [S.], 1908:2, Torpedo Houttuyn [M.], 1764:453, Torpedo Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:48, 60] Notes: [ref. 1151]. Fem. Raja torpedo Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent monotypy. Appeared without species, first addition of species probably by Bonaparte 1838:7 (of separate) [ref. 4979]. Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764 is presented as a species name and not a generic name, so the authorship is hereby changed to Duméril 1806 (see Welter-Schultes & Feuerstein 2008:141 [ref. 30327]). •Valid as Torpedo Duméril, 1806 -- (Haas & Ebert 2006:1 [ref. 28818], Paxton et al. 2006:165 [ref. 28995], Gomon 2008:101 [ref. 30616]). Current status: Valid as Torpedo Duméril, 1806. Torpedinidae. (Eunarce) [ref. 1379]. Fem. Torpedo narke Risso, 1810. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764 -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:55 [ref. 7167], Cappetta 1987:161 [ref. 6348], Compagno & Heemstra 2007:43 [ref. 29194]). Current status: Synonym of Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764. Torpedinidae. (Fimbriotorpedo) [ref. 1510]. Fem. Torpedo marmorata Risso,