TEX Users Group PREPRINTS for the 2004 Annual Meeting TEX Users Group Board of Directors These preprints for the 2004 annual meeting are Donald Knuth, Grand Wizard of TEX-arcana † ∗ published by the TEX Users Group. Karl Berry, President Kaja Christiansen∗, Vice President Periodical-class postage paid at Portland, OR, and ∗ Sam Rhoads , Treasurer additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address ∗ Susan DeMeritt , Secretary changes to T X Users Group, 1466 NW Naito E Barbara Beeton Parkway Suite 3141, Portland, OR 97209-2820, Jim Hefferon U.S.A. Ross Moore Memberships Arthur Ogawa 2004 dues for individual members are as follows: Gerree Pecht Ordinary members: $75. Steve Peter Students/Seniors: $45. Cheryl Ponchin The discounted rate of $45 is also available to Michael Sofka citizens of countries with modest economies, as Philip Taylor detailed on our web site. Raymond Goucher, Founding Executive Director † Membership in the TEX Users Group is for the Hermann Zapf, Wizard of Fonts † calendar year, and includes all issues of TUGboat ∗member of executive committee for the year in which membership begins or is †honorary renewed, as well as software distributions and other benefits. Individual membership is open only to Addresses Electronic Mail named individuals, and carries with it such rights General correspondence, (Internet) and responsibilities as voting in TUG elections. For payments, etc. General correspondence, membership information, visit the TUG web site: TEX Users Group membership, subscriptions: http://www.tug.org. P. O. Box 2311 [email protected] Portland, OR 97208-2311 Institutional Membership U.S.A. Submissions to TUGboat, Institutional Membership is a means of showing Delivery services, letters to the Editor: continuing interest in and support for both TEX parcels, visitors [email protected] and the TEX Users Group. For further information, TEX Users Group contact the TUG office ([email protected]) or see 1466 NW Naito Parkway Technical support for our web site. Suite 3141 TEX users: Portland, OR 97209-2820 [email protected] TEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical U.S.A. Society. Contact the Board Telephone of Directors: +1 503 223-9994 [email protected] Copyright c 2004 TEX Users Group. Copyright to individual articles within this publication Fax remains with their authors, and may not be reproduced, +1 503 223-3960 distributed or translated without their permission. For the editorial and other material not ascribed to a particular author, permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies without royalty, in any medium, World Wide Web provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are http://www.tug.org/ preserved. Permission is also granted to make, copy and distribute translations of such editorial material into another language, Problems not resolved? except that the TEX Users Group must approve translations TUG of this permission notice itself. Lacking such approval, the The Board wants to hear from you: original English permission notice must be included. Please email [email protected]. Printed in U.S.A. [printing date: April 2004] PREPRINTS for the 2004 Annual Meeting TEX Users Group Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting Xanthi, Greece August 30 – September 3, 2004 A COMMUNICATION OF THE TEX USERS GROUP EDITORS KARL BERRY BADEN HUGHES STEVE PETER PORTLAND • OREGON • U.S.A. • 2004 Introduction TUG will not sell this issue through our online Welcome to this special communication from TUG! store (http://tug.org/store); it will be sent Although it is formatted in the usual TUGboat pro- only to those who join TUG for the 2004 mem- ceedings style, as you can see, it is not officially a bership year. TUGboat issue, there is no volume or issue number, Springer or the authors may make the papers and it’s being produced before the meeting. Why? available online; for any that are available, we These editorial notes (try to) explain the situation. may link to them from the TUGboat web pages, The 2004 TUG Annual Meeting (http://tug. but we won’t publish them online ourselves. org/tug2004) is being organized by Apostolos Sy- I sincerely hope this one-time special arrangement ropoulos and others, associated with the Greek TEX will meet with everyone’s understanding. We expect Friends user group, in collaboration with the Dem- future proceedings of TUG annual meetings to be ocritus University of Thrace in Xanthi, Greece. The published as normal TUGboat issues. organizers were able to negotiate with Springer- The theme of the meeting is TEX in the era of Verlag for the proceedings of the meeting to be pub- Unicode, and this is reflected in the contents here. lished in Springer’s prestigious series Lecture Notes There is a wealth of material on Omega and other in Computer Science. multilingual typesetting, including a definitive study As TUG president, I felt such a publication was of the historical Deseret alphabet. Additional pa- in the best interests of TEX and TUG, as it would pers include a comparative study of Type 1 font gen- expose our system to a wide new audience. On the eration from METAFONT sources, a significant new other hand, it is of course absolutely necessary for package for critical edition typesetting, and more. every current TUG member to receive the proceed- As this volume is being prepared in advance of ings, as that is a benefit promised upon joining. the meeting, please email any comments you might Unfortunately, it is not financially possible for have directly to the authors, or to the editors at TUG to purchase the hardbound Springer volume for [email protected], so the presentation every member. Therefore, with the consent of the might be improved. And of course please consider TUG board, we worked out this compromise. The going to the conference. (Online registration is avail- principal points of the agreement are these: able from the conference web site.) The present volume of “preprints” is fully edit- Production of the three issues of TUGboat for ed and prepared to usual TUGboat publication the 2003 membership year is continuing. The pro- standards. ceedings of the TUG 2003 conference will probably The present volume will be one of the usual be the first to be completed. three TUG publications sent to members for As always, feel free to email the TUG board 2004. The other two will be regular TUGboat ([email protected]), or the TUGboat editorial staff issues. ([email protected]) with any questions, concerns, or (most important of all) suggestions and submis- Springer’s volume will be the publication of rec- sions for future articles. ord for the 2004 meeting; this is why the present volume is not an official TUGboat issue. ⋄ Karl Berry [email protected] We also are not sending the present volume to libraries, as it cannot easily be cataloged. Thus, it would only cause trouble for the librarians. Libraries will receive the Springer volume. Digital Typography in the New Millennium: Flexible Documents by a Flexible Engine Christos KK Loverdos Department of Informatics and Telecommunications University of Athens TYPA Buildings, Panepistimioupolis GR-157 84 Athens Greece [email protected] Apostolos Syropoulos Greek TEX Friends Group 366, 28th October Str. GR-671 00 Xanthi Greece [email protected] Abstract The TEX family of electronic typesetters is the primary typesetting tools for the preparation of demanding documents, and have been in use for many years. However, our era is characterized, among others, by Unicode, XML and the in- troduction of interactive documents. In addition, the Open Source movement, which is breaking new ground in the areas of project support and development, enables masses of programmers to work simultaneously. As a direct consequence, it is reasonable to demand the incorporation of certain facilities to a highly mod- ular implementation of a TEX-like system. Facilities such as the ability to extend the engine using common scripting languages (e.g., Perl, Python, Ruby, etc.) will help in reaching a greater level of overall architectural modularity. Obviously, in order to achieve such a goal, it is mandatory to attract a greater programming audience and leverage the Open Source programming community. We argue that the successful TEX-successor should be built around a microkernel/exokernel ar- chitecture. Thus, services such as client-side scripting, font selection and use, out- put routines and the design and implementation of formats can be programmed as extension modules. In order to leverage the huge amount of existing code, and keep document source compatibility, the existing programming interface is demonstrated to be just another service/module. 1 Introduction Open Source movement, which, in turn, borrowed The first steps towards computer typesetting took ideas and practices from the Unix world. Furthe- place in the 1950s, but it was not until Donald E. more, the development of TEX and its companion system, METAFONT, had made obvious the need for Knuth introduced TEX in 1978 [16] that true quality was brought to software-based typesetting. The his- properly documented programs. This, in turn, ini- tiated Knuth’s creation of the literate programming tory of TEX is well-known and the interested reader is referred to [16] for more details. program development methodology. This method- ology advances the idea that the program code and Today, the original TEX is a closed project in the sense that its creator has decided to freeze its documentation should be intermixed and developed development. As a direct consequence no other pro- simultaneously. The source code of T X and METAFONT be- grams are allowed to be called TEX. In addition, E the freely available source code of the system was a ing freely available has had enormous consequences. major step on the road towards the formation of the Anyone can not only inspect the source code, but Preprints for the 2004 Annual Meeting 3 Christos KK Loverdos and Apostolos Syropoulos also experiment freely with it.