Daily English Vocab PDF 26th June 2017 Emergency should never be forgotten Strange that in the process of selecting who should be the next President of India, the nation has forgotten the emergency imposed some forty two years ago. More than one lakh people were detained without trial. The media which could have reported the conditions prevailing was muzzled (म ुँह बंद करना या होना). Civil servants dutifully issued orders, which came through Sanjay Gandhi, the son of then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, who was the extra constitutional authority ruling the country in her name. The judiciary caved in and even upheld that Parliament could suspend the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution. Even the imposition of the emergency was justified. Only one judge, Justice H.R. Khanna, gave a dissenting judgment but he was superseded (हटा देना). It is another matter that the country punished Indira Gandhi, when she was ousted (बेदखल करना) from power, lock, stock and barrel, after elections were held. Similar was the fate of her son. What disappoints me is that the Supreme Court never passed a resolution or has done anything to register its disagreement with the judgment which gave the judiciary a bad name. Even now it is not too late. The Supreme Court has liberal judges on the bench. They can still dilute the situation by passing a resolution that its predecessor bench was wrong in endorsing (समर्थन करना) the emergency. At least the cabinet of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, with a lawyer minister in Arun Jaitley, should say sorry on behalf of the government for the excesses committed by its predecessor during the emergency. The then Attorney General, Niren De, had argued in the court that even the right to live was forfeited (अधिकार खो देना) during the dark days of the emergency. There was so much fear that practically all lawyers in Delhi dared not to speak. Lawyers like Soli Sorabjee from Mumbai and V.M. Tarkunde from Delhi argued the habeas corpus petitions filed by my wife on my detention (नजरबꅍदी). Still I spent three months in jail. The two judges, Justice S. Rangarajan and Justice R.N. Aggarwal, who gave the judgment, were punished for having given the verdict. The first was transferred to Guwahati where people still remember him for his impartiality. The second was demoted (पदावनत करना) and sent back to the Sessions Court. But this did not deter them and they carried on their work independently. Probably, the pressure on the judges has lessened in recent years because of a vigilant (सतकथ ) media. But worse is happening. Appointments to the benches are being made according to the wishes of rulers. It began with the Congress government and has continued even during the Bhartiya Janata Party government. The process was really started by Indira Gandhi. She superseded three judges - Justices J.M. Shelat, K.S. Hegde and A.N. Grover - to appoint Justice A.N. Ray as the Chief Justice. She was unseated from parliament and disqualified for poll malpractices for six years. Instead of accepting the verdict, she imposed the emergency and amended the law itself. The excesses Indira and Sanjay Gandhi committed during the emergency may be a part of history they are recalled by not only those who suffered but also those who support democracy. It was the Janata Party which came to power after defeating Mrs Gandhi that changed the Constitution to make the imposition of the emergency impossible. And Justice Khanna’s dissenting judgment - that the basic structure of the constitution cannot be changed - was accepted as the norm. This has ensured the parliamentary system of governance and has deterred every ruler since then not to tinker with (To make unskilled or experimental efforts at repairing or improving something) the judiciary. Ultimately, the independence of the judiciary depends upon the quality of judges and this is where I have some doubts. In the US, the biggest democracy, the Supreme Court is divided between Republican and Democrat judges. But since the tenure of the judges is for life, the appointees of one party rise above their old loyalties and become independent and impartial. In India, we had the best of judges when the government appointed them. But now party politics is creeping in and at least in High Courts it is seen that the party in power has not appointed the best of lawyers but those who owe allegiance (धनष्ठा) to it. Even in the Supreme Court, some appointments come under the shadow of doubt. Take the case of former Solicitor General Gopal Subramanium whose appointment to the Supreme Court was stalled by the Narendra Modi government. Blaming the government for blocking his appointment, Subramanium said his “independence as a lawyer is causing apprehensions that I will not toe the line of the government. This factor has been decisive in refusing to appoint me.” He subsequently withdrew from the race. In fact, it was at his instance that the Gujarat police was forced to book a murder case in the Sohrabuddin fake encounter matter. When the prime witness, Tulsiram Prajapati, was liquidated under suspicious circumstances, Subramanium had recommended the transfer of the case to the CBI. Significantly, Subramanium also admitted that it was on his suggestion that the Supreme Court, while granting bail to accused Amit Shah, now the BJP president, had barred him from entering Gujarat. Most pathetic was the role of the media. I recall that when the emergency was imposed there was anger and more than a hundred journalists assembled at the Press Club at my bidding to condemn the act. But when I tried to pick up the thread after my detention, there was hardly anyone to support me. Indira Gandhi had created so much of fear in the minds of journalists that they were more worried about their jobs than the freedom of the press, which they otherwise cherished. Courtesy: The Statesman (Nostalgic) 1. Muzzle (verb): Prevent (a person or group) from expressing their opinions freely. (म ुँह बंद करना या होना) Synonyms: Gag, Silence, Censor, Suppress, Stifle, Inhibit, Restrain. Antonyms: Support, Encourage, Motivate. Example: In a tyranny, the democratic voices are generally suppressed. Verb forms: Muzzle, Muzzled, Muzzled. 2. Supersede (verb): Take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use). (हटा देना) (का र्ान ले लेना) Synonyms: Replace, Supplant, Substitute For, Displace. Antonyms: Keep, Stay, Retain, Hold. Example: The Supreme court decision will supersede the decision of the lower court. Verb forms: Supersede, Superseded, Superseded. Related words: Supersession (noun) - Act of replacing one person or thing by another especially one held to be superior Origin: from Latin supersedere ‘be superior to’, from super- ‘above’ + sedere ‘sit’. 3. Oust (verb): Drive out or expel (someone) from a position or place. (बेदखल करना) Synonyms: Drive Out, Expel, Force Out, Throw Out, Remove, Remove From Office/Power, Unseat, Depose. Antonyms: Hire, Place, Take In, Give, Hold, Keep. Example: Board members realized that they would have to have at least a 2/3 vote to oust the horrible president. Verb forms: Oust, Ousted, Ousted. 4. Endorse (verb): To express one’s support or approval. (समर्थन करना) Synonyms: Support, Espouse, Back, Ratify. Antonyms: Disapprove, Disagree, Oppose, Dissuade. Example: During the election, several celebrities held fundraising events to endorse their favorite candidates. Verb Forms: Endorse, Endorsed, Endorsed. Related Words: Endorsement (noun) - अनुमोदन Origin: from Latin indorsare, from Latin in- ‘in, on’ + dorsum ‘back’. 5. Forfeit (verb): Lose or be deprived of (property or a right or privilege) as a penalty for wrongdoing./ lose or give up (something) as a necessary consequence of something else. (अधिकार खो देना) Synonyms: Surrender, Relinquish, Give Up, Renounce, Be Deprived Of, Lose. Antonyms: Hold, Sty, Remain, Retain. Example: Henry will forfeit many of his expensive belongings before he files bankruptcy. Verb forms: Forfeit, Forfeited, Forfeited. 6. Detention (noun): The action of detaining someone or the state of being detained in official custody. (नजरबꅍदी) Synonyms: Immurement, Imprisonment, Incarceration, Internment. Antonyms: Freedom, Liberation, Release. Example: The alleged men were kept in detention over security purposes. Verb forms: Detain, Detained, Detained. Related words: Detain (verb) - To hold or keep in or as if in custody. Origin: from Latin detinere ‘hold back’. 7. Demote (verb): Move (someone) to a lower position or rank (पदावनत करना) Synonyms: Downgrade, Relegate, Declass, Lower In Rank, Reduce In Rank. Antonyms: Promote, Elevate, Upgrade. Example: Although he has proved his efficacy in his work, he was demoted. Verb forms: Demote, Demoted, Demoted. Origin: from English de- ‘down’ + a shortened form of promote. 8. Vigilant (adjective): Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties. (सतकथ ) Synonyms: Argus-Eyed, Attentive, Observant, Open-Eyed, Alert, Watchful. Antonyms: Careless, Heedless, Ignorant, Inattentive, Incautious, Indiscreet. Example: Although this highway is a beautiful drive, you have to stay vigilant for deer and other animals in the road. 9. Tinker with (Phrasal verb): (To make unskilled or experimental efforts at repairing or improving something). (ठीक करना/मर륍मत करना) Synonyms: Mend, Improve, Repair, Reform, Darn. Antonyms: Damage, Destruct, Harm, Hurt. Example: He tinkered with the engine all day but it still wouldn't start. Verb forms: Tinker with, Tinkered with, Tinkered with. 10. Allegiance (noun): Loyalty or commitment to a superior or