SAN FRANCISCO ESTUARY INSTITUTE AQUATIC PESTICIDES MONITORING PROGRAM Aquatic Pesticides Monitoring Program Literature Review Geoff Siemering, Nicole David, Jennifer Hayworth and Amy Franz San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, California Karl Malamud-Roam Contra Costa Mosquito Vector Control CONTRIBUTION NO. 71 APRIL 2003 REVISED FEB 2005 Contact Information San Francisco Estuary Institute 7770 Pardee Lane, 2nd Floor Oakland, CA 94621 Phone: 510-746-SFEI Website: www.sfei.org Contra Costa Mosquito Vector Control District 155 Mason Circle Concord, CA 94520 Phone: 925-685-9301 Website: www.ccmvcd.dst.ca.us/index.html This report should be cited as: Siemering, Geoff, N. David, J. Hayworth, A. Franz and K. Malamud-Roam. October 2003. Revised, February 2005. Aquatics Pesticides Monitoring Program Literature Review. SFEI Contribution 71. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA. San Francisco Estuary Institute Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................9 Section I. Evaluation of Health and Environmental Risks Associated with Pesticides and other Chemicals in the Environment ..............................................................................................................................................10 A. Chemical Identification and Characterization ....................................................................................................11 I. Chemical Description and Type .............................................................................................................11 II. Chemical Identification ...........................................................................................................................11 III. Chemical Class/Group Family ................................................................................................................12 B. Dose-Response Relationship .................................................................................................................................13 I. Toxicity Measurement and Endpoints ...................................................................................................13 C. Evaluation of Human Health Risks .....................................................................................................................14 I. Types of Toxicity Investigations .............................................................................................................14 II. Common Toxicity Effects ........................................................................................................................15 III. Exposure Route ........................................................................................................................................15 D. Evaluation of Environmental Risks .....................................................................................................................16 I. Types of Toxicity Investigations .............................................................................................................16 II. Aquatic Toxicity Table ............................................................................................................................17 E. Toxic Chemical Regulatory Evaluation and Registration ..................................................................................18 I. Registration of Peticides ..........................................................................................................................18 II. Information on Pesticides and Other Toxic Chemicals ........................................................................18 III. Toxicity Classifications and Rankings ...................................................................................................19 Section II. Aquatic Pesticides .....................................................................................................................................24 A. Acrolein ...................................................................................................................................................................25 I. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................25 II. Active Ingredient ID ................................................................................................................................25 III. Physical Properties ...................................................................................................................................26 IV. Active Ingredient Regulatory Status ......................................................................................................26 V. Pesticide Status .........................................................................................................................................27 VI. Toxicity to Humans and Other Mammals .............................................................................................28 VII. Routes of Human Exposure ....................................................................................................................29 VIII. Environmental Toxicological and Ecological Effects ...........................................................................30 IX. Environmental Fate .................................................................................................................................30 X. Toxicity Values of Acrolein on Select Aquatic Species .........................................................................31 XI. Method Detection Limits .......................................................................................................................33 XII. Manufacturer Contact Info .....................................................................................................................33 XIII. Summary Table ........................................................................................................................................34 B. Copper Sulfate ........................................................................................................................................................35 I. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................35 II. Active Ingredient ID ................................................................................................................................35 III. Physical Properties ...................................................................................................................................36 IV. Active Ingredient Regulatory Status ......................................................................................................37 V. Pesticide Status .........................................................................................................................................37 VI. Toxicity to Humans and Other Mammals .............................................................................................38 VII. Routes of Human Exposure ....................................................................................................................40 VIII. Environmental Toxicological and Ecological Effects ...........................................................................41 IX. Environmental Fate .................................................................................................................................41 X. Toxicity Values of Copper Sulfate for Select Aquatic Species .............................................................42 XI. Method Detection Limits ........................................................................................................................44 XII. Manufacturer Contact Info: ....................................................................................................................44 XIII. Summary Table ........................................................................................................................................45 C. Diquat Dibromide ..................................................................................................................................................45 I. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................45 II. Active Ingredient ID ................................................................................................................................46 1 Aquatic Pesticide Monitoring Program III. Physical Properties ...................................................................................................................................46 IV. Active Ingredient Regulatory Status ......................................................................................................47 V. Pesticide Status .........................................................................................................................................48 VI. Toxicity to Humans and Other Mammals .............................................................................................49 VII. Routes of Human Exposure ....................................................................................................................52