Flutes: articulations THE ORCHESTRA: A USER'S MANUAL Introduction Orchestration Orchestration Resources Historical Andrew Hugill by section by instrument select... select... Philharmonia FLUTES Articulations Section: Articulation markings in general Woodwind Articulation on the bass flute Transposing? NAME DESCRIPTION NOTATION LISTEN/VIEW COMMENTS Picc, Alto and Flute: Bass: Yes low register C Flute: No middle register played without high register Construction legato tonguing Piccolo: Range low register Articulations middle Effects register high register Extended Flute: Player's Tips low register middle and Tricks register each individual high register nonlegato note tongued and Links Piccolo: separated low register middle register high register staccato need not mean aggressively short! Flute: short and low register staccato separated notes middle (all tongued) register high register Piccolo: low register middle register high register Either a verbal indication, thus: Flute: low register middle register file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Flutes articulations.htm[17/10/2015 11:17:28 πμ] Flutes: articulations high register very short notes staccatissimo Piccolo: (tongued) or 'wedge' low register notation, as middle follows: register high register tongued slurring interpretation depending on context Players interpret tongued slurred Flute: these symbols in (no specific notes, in low register different ways. name) between legato middle Watch the video and nonlegato register clips for a brief high register explanation. Piccolo: low register middle register high register This is often called 'tenuto': Flute: low register middle register high register variation on Here's another 'tenuto' Piccolo: nonlegato common low register variation of middle nonlegato: register high register double tonguing Flute: low register middle register double tonguing high register Piccolo: low register file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Flutes articulations.htm[17/10/2015 11:17:28 πμ] Flutes: articulations partial tonguing middle in groups of two register double and or three (e.g. on high register triple syllables ta-ka, triple tonguing tonguing or ta-ka-ka) to triple give a very rapid tonguing articulation Flute: low register middle register high register Piccolo: low register middle register high register dynamics when fluttertonguing about Not all players fluttertonguing can do Flute: notation fluttertonguing. low register Those that cannot flutter a rolled 'r' middle have to 'fake' tonguing tonguing register with a throat high register flutter that Piccolo: sounds less low register effective. middle register high register file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Flutes articulations.htm[17/10/2015 11:17:28 πμ] Flutes: effects THE ORCHESTRA: A USER'S MANUAL Introduction Orchestration Orchestration Resources Historical Andrew Hugill by section by instrument select... select... Philharmonia FLUTES Effects Section: NAME DESCRIPTION NOTATION LISTEN/VIEW COMMENTS Vibrato is integral Woodwind vibrato on to flute the flute Transposing? verbal instruction, technique, but undulation in vibrato on Picc, Alto and vibrato sometimes with can also be pitch the piccolo Bass: Yes wavy line specifically vibrato as a notated as a C Flute: No special effect special effect. Construction Very limited on all flutes. The Range total absence of Articulations key holes on the piccolo, and the Effects limited key holes Extended on the flute, slide in pitch mean that lipping Player's Tips glissando between notes is the usual way and Tricks to alter pitch. A glissando over a Links perfect fifth would be executed as a very fast chromatic scale. Harmonics begin on sounding G5 produced by (written C5) on harmonics fingering a the flute and on the flute fundamental low sounding A6 o - over the harmonics harmonic note, then using (written D5) on notehead. on the piccolo keys or the piccolo. tuning embouchure to Anything below harmonics produce partials. these pitches is a normal note on the instrument. Low down on the flute, tremolos do not work so well because of the large number of keys to depress. shakes This is especially tremolo a trill between elastic band- true of shakes on or two notes more assisted a bottom C. "shake" than a tone apart. shakes! However, a (N.B. This shake tremolos rubber band can lasts two beats) be applied to the file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Flutes effects.htm[17/10/2015 11:19:23 πμ] Flutes: effects C-key to make these possible, as is demonstrated in the video clip. Low C to C# trills are so difficult as to be impossible. Timbral trills are trills on a single note, using this shows a minor different trill followed by a fingerings. These rapid alternation major trill, indicated trills are only possible trills between two by accidentals over timbral trills above the point pitches the note. If these at which are not given, harmonics are players will choose used (i.e. trill type based on sounding G5 musical context. The (written C5) on wavy lines indicating the flute and duration of trill are sounding A6 also optional. (written D5) on the piccolo file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Flutes effects.htm[17/10/2015 11:19:23 πμ] Oboes: articulations THE ORCHESTRA: A USER'S MANUAL Introduction Orchestration Orchestration Resources Historical Andrew Hugill by section by instrument select... select... Philharmonia OBOES Articulations Section: general comments about tonguing Woodwind interpretation of accents Transposing? NAME DESCRIPTION NOTATION LISTEN/VIEW COMMENTS Oboe: No legato Cor Anglais legato and (and others): staccato Yes compared Oboe: Construction low register played without Range legato middle tonguing Articulations register high Effects register Extended Cor Anglais: low register Player's Tips middle and Tricks register low register Links each individual middle nonlegato note tongued and register separated high register staccato Oboe: low register middle register short and high staccato separated notes register (all tongued) Cor Anglais: low register middle register high register Either a verbal indication, thus: Oboe: low register middle register file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Oboes articulations.htm[17/10/2015 11:19:48 πμ] Oboes: articulations high very short notes register staccatissimo (tongued) or 'wedge' Cor Anglais: notation, as low register follows: middle register high register tenuto under slur Oboe: staccato As the video clips under slur tongued slurred reveal, low register (no specific notes, in between interpretations of middle name) legato and these markings register nonlegato vary from player high to player! register Cor Anglais: staccato under slur low register This is often called 'tenuto': tenuto Oboe: low register middle register Means either a variation on Here's another high stress or a full 'tenuto' nonlegato common register sustain, depending variation of Cor Anglais: on the context. nonlegato: low register middle register high register double tonguing partial tonguing double in groups of two tonguing double and or three (e.g. on (oboe) triple syllables ta-ka, or triple tonguing double tonguing ta-ka-ka) to give tonguing (cor a very rapid anglais) articulation file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Oboes articulations.htm[17/10/2015 11:19:48 πμ] Oboes: articulations on the oboe Cor Anglais: low register separate notes a rolled 'r' flutter low register Not all players can tonguing or tonguing slurred do fluttertonguing. throat growl middle register separate notes middle register slurred file:///E|/Τα έγγραφά μου/Τσέτσος, ενορχήστρωση (μαθήματα)+/Enorchistrosi Instruments/3. Woodwinds/Oboes articulations.htm[17/10/2015 11:19:48 πμ] Oboes: effects THE ORCHESTRA: A USER'S MANUAL Introduction Orchestration Orchestration Resources Historical Andrew Hugill by section by instrument select... select... Philharmonia OBOES Effects Section: NAME DESCRIPTION NOTATION LISTEN/VIEW COMMENTS Woodwind verbal instruction Transposing? (con vibrato), vibrato Vibrato is an sometimes with (oboe) integral part of vibrato undulation in pitch Oboe: No wavy line if a vibrato (cor oboe and cor Cor Anglais specific exaggerated anglais) anglais technique. (and others): effect is required Yes glissando (oboe) glissando Construction (cor anglais) Range More or less Articulations Cor Anglais impossible on the glissandi: oboe. A few Effects long, ascending slide in pitch upwards, G-C glissandi may be Extended glissando between notes sharp possible on the Player's Tips longish, up, cor anglais (but and Tricks C sharp to F NOT descending), sharp but this is same, but unusual. Links short shorter still a soft object mute (oboe) Improvised mutes inserted into the mute con sord. mute (cor are used on both end of the anglais) instruments. bassoon tremolos (oboe) Most tremolandi tremolos are possible, but (cor anglais) check fingerings. If many fingers tremolo a trill between two D4-F4 have to be moved or notes more than a (minor 3rd) the effect "shake" tone apart. D4-F#4 becomes (N.B. This shake (major 3rd) unreliable. This is lasts two beats) F5-Ab5 (min especially the 3rd) case high on the Gg5-Bb5 instrument. (maj 3rd) Trills