___________________________________________________________________________ MasarykovauniverzitavBrně Přírodovědeckáfakulta Ústavexperimentální biologie,Oddělenímikrobiologie Taxonomie a ekologie rodu Enterococcus (Bakalářská prácestudijníhoprogramuBiologie oboruObecná biologie –směrMikrobiologie) Hana Bryndová Brno,Českárepublika2008 ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 Za cenné rady,ochotnoupomoc a čas,kterými věnoval při vznikutétopráce,tímto děkuji RNDr.PavluŠvecovi,PhD.,podjehož vedením jsem bakalářskoupráci zpracovala na půděČeskésbírkymikroorganismů. 2 Obsah 1. Úvod...................................................................................................................................6 2. Cíl práce .............................................................................................................................6 3. Taxonomie rodu Enterococcus ...........................................................................................7 3.1 Historietaxonomierodu Enterococcus ......................................................................7 3.2 Současnátaxonomierodu Enterococcus ....................................................................7 3.3 Charakteristikarodu Enterococcus ............................................................................9 3.3.1 Fylogenetickézařazení rodu Enterococcus ............................................................9 3.3.2 Základnícharakteristika .........................................................................................9 3.3.3 Metabolismus .......................................................................................................10 3.3.4 Buněčnástěna .......................................................................................................11 3.3.5 Antigennívlastnosti ..............................................................................................11 3.3.6 Charakteristikagenomu ........................................................................................12 3.3.6.1 Transpozony.................................................................................................13 3.3.6.2 Plasmidy .......................................................................................................13 3.4 Stručnácharakteristikafylogenetickypříbuznýchrodů...........................................14 3.4.1 Atopobacter ..........................................................................................................14 3.4.2 Melissococcus .......................................................................................................15 3.4.3 Tetragenococcus ...................................................................................................15 3.4.4 Vagococcus ...........................................................................................................15 3.4.5 Pilibacter ..............................................................................................................16 3.4.6 Catellicoccus ........................................................................................................16 4. Izolaceaidentifikace ........................................................................................................17 4.1 Izolaceenterokoků...................................................................................................17 4.1.1 Média používanákizolacienterokoků.................................................................17 4.1.2 Kultivační média ..................................................................................................18 4.2 Identifikace enterokoků ............................................................................................19 4.2.1 Klasické testypoužívané při identifikacienterokoků..........................................19 4.2.2 Metodyfenotypovétypizace ................................................................................20 4.2.3 Metodygenotypizace ...........................................................................................20 4.2.3.1 RestrikčníanalýzachromozomálníDNA ....................................................20 4.2.3.2 Ribotypizace .................................................................................................21 4.2.3.3 MetodyzaloženénaPCR .............................................................................21 4.2.3.4 Makrorestrikčníanalýza ...............................................................................21 4.2.3.5 Sekvenační metody ......................................................................................22 5. Ekologierodu Enterococcus ............................................................................................23 5.1 Charakteristikadruhůrodu Enterococcus ................................................................23 5.1.1 Enterococcus aquimarinus ...................................................................................24 5.1.2 Enterococcus asini ...............................................................................................24 5.1.3 Enterococcus avium .............................................................................................24 5.1.4 Enterococcus caccae ............................................................................................24 5.1.5 Enterococcus camelliae ........................................................................................24 3 5.1.6 Enterococcus canintestini ....................................................................................25 5.1.7 Enterococcus canis ...............................................................................................25 5.1.8 Enterococcus casseliflavus ...................................................................................25 5.1.9 Enterococcus cecorum .........................................................................................25 5.1.10 Enterococcus columbae ....................................................................................25 5.1.11 Enterococcus devriesei .....................................................................................26 5.1.12 Enterococcus dispar .........................................................................................26 5.1.13 Enterococcus durans ........................................................................................26 5.1.14 Enterococcus faecalis .......................................................................................26 5.1.15 Enterococcus faecium ......................................................................................27 5.1.16 Enterococcus gallinarum .................................................................................27 5.1.17 Enterococcus gilvus ..........................................................................................27 5.1.18 Enterococcus haemoperoxidus .........................................................................27 5.1.19 Enterococcus hermanniensis ............................................................................27 5.1.20 Enterococcus hirae ...........................................................................................28 5.1.21 Enterococcus italicus .......................................................................................28 5.1.22 Enterococcus malodoratus ...............................................................................28 5.1.23 Enterococcus moraviensis ................................................................................28 5.1.24 Enterococcus mundtii .......................................................................................29 5.1.25 Enterococcus pallens ........................................................................................29 5.1.26 Enterococcus phoeniculicola ...........................................................................29 5.1.27 Enterococcus pseudoavium ..............................................................................29 5.1.28 Enterococcus raffinosus ...................................................................................29 5.1.29 Enterococcus ratti ............................................................................................30 5.1.30 Enterococcus saccharolyticus ..........................................................................30 5.1.31 Enterococcus silesiacus ....................................................................................30 5.1.32 Enterococcus sulfureus ....................................................................................30 5.1.33 Enterococcus termitis .......................................................................................31 5.1.34 Enterococcus villorum ......................................................................................31 5.2 Fylogenetickéčleněnírodu Enterococcus ................................................................31 5.2.1 Skupinadruhu Enterococcus faecalis ..................................................................31 5.2.2 Skupinadruhu Enterococcus faecium ..................................................................32 5.2.3 Skupinadruhu Enterococcus avium .....................................................................32 5.2.4 Skupinadruhu Enterococcus gallinarum .............................................................32 5.2.5 Skupinadruhu Enterococcus cecorum .................................................................32 5.2.6 Druhytvořícísamostatnéfylogenetickévětve