Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02069-6 - The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949 S. C. M. Paine Index More information Index Bold page numbers indicate maps. Academia Sinica, 60 Asaka Yasuhiko 朝香宮鳩彦王 Africa, 143 , 170 , 190 , 193 , 279 , 308 (1887–1981), 137 , 211 agriculture, 21 , 29–30 , 60 , 110 , 167–8 , Asian Monroe Doctrine, 184 232–3 , 240 atomic bomb, 3 , 204 , 208–13 , 233 , 294 , airplanes, 65 , 119 , 132 , 139 , 141–2 , 310 144–5 , 188 , 192 , 198–9 , 202 , 219 , August 15 Incident, 210 245 . See also bombing campaigns AUGUST STORM, 5 , 9 , 170 , 208 , 210–12 , Aleutian Islands, 174 , 191 244–5 , 276 , 310 allegiance, 32–3 , 37 , 53 , 58 , 65 , 67 , 69 , Australia, 170 , 186 , 188–9 , 194 , 82 , 88–9, 134 , 157 , 159 , 214 , 223 , 216 , 275 225–31 , 233 , 243 , 260 , 263–4 , 266–8 , Austria, 18 , 83 , 85 , 143 , 145 , 306 270–1 , 275 , 277 Autumn Harvest Uprising, 88 , 302 Allied Reparations Committee, 241 Autumn Offensive (1947), 255 , 311 Allies, 5 , 180 , 191 , 193 , 199 , 212 , 234 , Axis, 91 , 102 , 126 , 148 , 166 , 170 , 177 , 238 , 285 , 288 . See also specifi c 183 , 189 , 203 , 217–18 , 269 , 286 , 307 . countries See also Tripartite Pact aluminum (bauxite), 40–1 , 175 , 219 Azerbaijan, 83 , 276 Amoy. See Xiamen Amur River, 23 , 84 , 222 , 294 Bacon, Sir Francis (1561–1626), 6 Anami Korechika 阿南惟幾 (1887–1945), Bai Chongxi 白崇禧 (1893–1966), 201–1 , 286 53 , 68 , 72 , 95 , 139 , 150 , 152 , 160 , Andong, 27 , 222 , 240 260 , 289 Anhui, 12 , 26 , 52 , 62–3 , 71 , 74 , 88 , 112 , Baikal, Lake, 77 , 146 , 222 , 245 114 , 122 , 140 , 156 , 162 , 222 , 251 , Baise. See Bose 258 , 301 , 303–4 banking, 21–2 , 29–30 , 61 , 66 , 153 , 161 , Anhui group, 88 , 112 , 162 168 , 254 , 291 Anqing, 122 , 140 , 306 Bao’an, 71 , 96 , 100 Anti-Comintern Pact, 91 , 100–2 , 143–5 , Baoding, 122 , 133 , 305 147 , 177 , 283 , 305 baojia 保甲, 31 , 169 anticommunist high tide, fi rst, 156 BARBAROSSA, 7 , 23 , 89 , 156–7 , 178–9 , second. See New Fourth Route Army 181 , 190 , 217 , 233 , 261 , 293 , 308 Incident Barga, 12 , 14 , 88 , 302 Araki Sadao 荒木貞夫 (1877–1966), 43 Barr, David G. (1895–1970), 256 Ariyoshi Akira 有吉 明 (1876–1937), 117 Battle of Lake Khasan. See Zhanggufeng Army Criminal Code, 213 Incident artillery, 139 , 144 , 190 , 199 , 233 , 245–6 bauxite. See aluminum 469 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02069-6 - The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949 S. C. M. Paine Index More information INDEX Beijing, 12 , 14 , 26 , 36–9 , 48 , 56–7 , 70 , Cairo Conference, 199 , 309 71 , 94 , 122 , 125 , 128 , 131 , 138 , Canada, 172 141 , 148 , 158 , 161–3 , 166 , 201 , Canton. See Guangzhou 222 , 238 , 247 , 255 , 261 , 290–1 , Canton Commune. See Guangzhou 295 , 298 , 302 , 305 Uprising Beijing government (1920s), 19–20 , 64 , 88 , casualties, 18 , 53–4 , 56 , 70 , 75 , 78 , 109 , 112–13 129 , 133 , 139–40 , 146 , 148–9 , 154–5 , Beijing University, 94 , 152 , 291 , 295 166 , 185 , 188 , 192 , 194 , 202 , 204 , Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, 122 , 131 , 222 214–15 , 220 , 256 , 258 , 354n.3 Beijing-Tianjin Campaign, 38 , 222 , cause, proximate, 19–21 258–9 , 312 underlying, 21–4 Beijing-Wuhan Railway, 122 , 131 , 137–8 , CC group, 65–7 , 289 141 , 148 , 201 cease-fi re. See truces Belgium, 190 , 277 center of gravity, 135–7 , 141 , 150 , 177 , 180 Belorussia, 78 , 83 Central China Area Army, 36 Berlin, 3 , 170 , 177 , 182–3 , 190 , 218 , 267 , Central China Development Company, 40 , 288 , 293 162 biological warfare, 4 , 134 , 214 Central China Expeditionary Army, 36 , Bismarck, Otto von (1815–1898), 145 132 , 138 , 161–2 blockade, 175 , 190 Central Henan, Battle of, 201 , 309 of China, 132 , 136–7 , 142 , 181 , 203–4 , See also Ichig ō Campaign 213 , 219 Central Pacifi c Area Fleet (Japanese), 287 of Communists, 149 , 157 , 228 Central Pacifi c Campaign, 202 , 216 . of Japan, 174–5 , 196 , 215 See also Iwo Jima, Battle of; of Manchuria, 241 , 243 Mariana Islands; Okinawa, Battle of Blue Shirt Society, 66 Central Plains, 70 , 239 , 250–1 , 255 . Bogomolov, Dmitrii Vasil’evich See also Great War of the Central (1890–1937), 99 , 293 Plains Bolshevik Revolution. See Russian Central Plains Counteroffensive, 254 , 311 Revolution Chahar, 12 , 155 , 161 , 163 , 222 , 250–1 Bolsheviks, 5 , 51 , 65 , 77–83 , 98 , 110 , 233 competing governments, 161 , 230 , 255 bombing campaigns, 86 , 119 , 187–8 , 190 Chahar Campaign (1935), 37–9 , Second Sino-Japanese War, 13 , 132 , 137 , 128 , 304 140–2 , 303 Chahar Campaign (1937), 122 , 131 , World War II Pacifi c, 3 , 191 , 192 , 195–8 , 138–9 , 305 201–2 , 204–14 , 233 , 296 , 309–10 . Chahar Uprising, 71 –2, 304 See also atomic bomb; Pearl Harbor Chamberlain, Neville (1869–1940), 145 , attack 285 Border Government of Hebei, Shanxi, and Chang Jiang. See Yangzi River Chahar, 131 Changchun, 12–13 , 17 , 32 , 48 , 209 , 222 , Borneo, 170 , 188 241 , 247 , 249 , 253 , 255 , 303 Bose, 122 , 148 Changchun, Battle of, 222 , 249 , 311 Bose, Subhas Chandra (1897–1945), 198 Changde, Battle of, 193 , 309 Boxer Uprising, 86 , 110 Changsha, 48 , 52 , 71 , 122 , 137 , 152 , 291 , boycotts, 21 , 23–4 , 26 , 33 , 73 301 , 306 Britain. See Great Britain Changsha and Hengyang, Battle of, 201 , Burma, 194 , 196–8 , 203 , 233 , 256 , 293 . 309 See also Imphal Campaign; North Changsha, Battles of, 152 , 291 , 306 Burma Campaign First, 146 , 148–9 , 307 Burma Campaign (1942), 188 , 199–200 , Fourth, 201 , 309 . See also Ichig ō 308 Campaign Burma Road, 146 , 149 , 170 , 177 , 181 , Second, 149 , 308 188 , 198–9 , 203 , 306–8 , 310 Third, 149 , 193 , 308 470 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02069-6 - The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949 S. C. M. Paine Index More information INDEX Chao River, 238 China Incident, 7 , 8 , 128 , 132 , 283 . Chassin, Lionel Max (1902–1970), 67 See also Marco Polo Bridge Incident Chen Cheng 陳誠 (1897–1965), 51 , 131 , Chinese civil war, 3–6 , 9–10 , 19 , 35 , 38 , 237 , 255 , 290 48 , 50 , 52–4 , 56–7 , 70 , 71–6 , 84 , Chen Guofu 陳果夫 (1892–1951), 65 , 290 88 , 93 , 94 , 109–20 , 124 , 126 , 127 , Chen Jitang 陳濟棠 (1890–1954), 72 , 95 134 , 139 , 150 , 153–4 , 159 , 167–8 , Chen Lifu 陳立夫 (1900–2001), 65 , 197 , 202–4 , 222–70 , 271–83 , 288 , 289–90 296 , 298 , 301–12 . See also names of Chengde, 12 , 34 , 122 , 135 , 209 campaigns, battles, incidents, offi cers, Chengdu, 122 , 142 , 145 , 202 , 222 uprisings, revolutions, and North Chennault, Claire L. (1893–1958), 197 , China wars 200–1 , 203–4 , 246 , 296 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 33 , Chiang Ching-kuo 蔣經國 (1910–1988), 49–55 , 57 , 59 , 67 , 69 , 71 –6 , 119 , 123 , 36 , 104 , 288–9 125 , 148 , 155 , 167 , 199 , 212 , 222 –3 , Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 (1887–1975), 4 , 238–9 , 243–4 , 246 , 248 , 268 , 273 , 20 , 37 , 58 , 60 , 86–7 , 92 , 110 , 116–19 , 279–81 , 288 , 298 . See also Eighth 128 , 131–3 , 148 , 156 , 162–3 , 175 , Route Army ; Long March ; Mao 178 , 194 , 202 , 227–9 , 231 , 253 , 255– Zedong ; New Fourth Route Army ; 6 , 261 , 264–7 , 273 , 281–2 , 288–92 , peasantry, Communist strategy ; 299 , 408n.216 taxation ; United Front ; White Terror ; atrocities, 139–41 , 148–9 , 225–6 Xi’an Incident ; battle and campaign encirclement campaigns, 36 , 88 , 96–7 , names 100 base areas, 114–15 , 131 , 229–34 , 230 , guerrilla tactics, 150–1 255 Northern Expedition, 18–19 , 23 , 50–7 , espionage, 227 , 252–3 , 255 , 258 , 266 , 59 , 109 , 272 , 275 , 280 282 , 291–2 political intrigue, 64–5 , 67–74 , 89 , fi ghting Japan, 4–9 , 126–7 , 129 , 135 , 113–14 , 125 , 152–3 , 159–60 , 165–7 , 138–9 , 142 , 149 , 159 , 216 , 220 225 , 259–60 fi nance, 144 , 156–8 , 178 power base, 65–8 , 91 , 135–8 , 154 , guerrilla warfare, 119 , 127 , 151 , 227–8 , 176–7 , 182–3 , 185 , 220 , 224 , 232–3 , 237–8 , 241 , 254 , 276 275–6 land reform, 83 , 114 , 227 , 230 , 232–3 , recognition of Manchukuo, 17 , 129 , 254 , 262 , 266 , 281 , 290 242–3 membership, 224 , 256 relations with Germany, 143 , 164 public relations, 92–4 , 157 , 194 , 204 , relations with Russia, 243 , 246 , 252 , 226–7 , 229 , 233 , 235 , 251 , 262 , 277 264–5 , 267 relations with U.S., 142 , 189 , 191 , 196– relations with Russia, 53 , 80 , 82 , 84–8 , 201 , 203–4 , 234–5 , 237 , 239 , 241 , 90–1 , 98 , 178 , 184 , 209 , 228 , 245–6 , 250–1 , 257 , 260 , 263 , 268–70 , 294–6 248–50 , 259–60 , 276 resignations, 16 , 53 , 73–4 , 258–9 , 303 , relations with U.S., 235–6 , 239 , 248 , 312 257 , 260–1 , 269–71 , 278 Second United Front, 98–9 , 102–4 . Second United Front, 93–104 , 117 , 156 , See also encirclement campaigns; 281 united fronts; Japan, negotiations with state building, 10 , 152–6 , 226–7 China Chinese Communist Revolution, 112 , 114 , strategy of appeasement, 13 , 35 , 61 , 127 , 230 . See also Chinese Communist 74–6 , 93–5 , 101 , 126–7 , 145 Party ; Mao Zedong Chiang Wei-kuo 蔣緯國 (1916–1997), Chinese Eastern Railway, 27 , 85–6 , 89 , 96 , 143 304 . See also railways, Manchuria China Expeditionary Army, 36 , 211 Choibalsan (1895–1952), 146 China Garrison Army, 36–9 . Ch ō kohō Incident. See Zhanggufeng See also North China Area Army Incident 471 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02069-6 - The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949 S.