INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www. openbookpublishers.com/product/845#resources Classics Textbooks, vol. 6 | ISSN: 2054-2437 (Print) | 2054-2445 (Online) ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-589-0 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-590-6 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-591-3 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-592-0 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-593-7 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0156 Cover image: Portrait of a political personality, probably Mark Antony, from the oration area of the Roman Forum, Centrale Montemartini, Rome. Wikimedia, https://bit. ly/2OQRxNy Cover design: Anna Gatti. All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) and Forest Stewardship Council(r)(FSC(r) certified. Printed in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers (Cambridge, UK) To Vivi and in memory of Lucio (3.6.1932–23.8.2016) Contents Preface and Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 3 1. Contexts and Paratexts 9 2. The Second Philippic as a Rhetorical Artifact – and 23 Invective Oratory 3. Why Read Cicero’s Second Philippic Today? 39 Text 43 Commentary 129 § 44 A Glance at Teenage Antony: Insolvent, Transgendered, 131 Pimped, and Groomed § 45 Desire and Domesticity: Antony’s Escapades as Curio’s Toy-Boy 150 § 46 Family Therapy: Cicero as Counselor 160 § 47 Hitting ‘Fast-Forward’, or: How to Pull Off a Praeteritio 166 § 48 Antony Adrift 175 § 49 Credit for Murder 184 § 50 With Caesar in Gaul: Profligacy and Profiteering 193 § 78 Caesar’s Approach to HR, or Why Antony Has What it Takes 202 § 79 The Art of Nepotism 210 § 80 Antony Augur, Addled and Addling 218 § 81 Compounding Ignorance through Impudence 225 § 82 Antony Galloping after Caesar Only to Hold his Horses 233 § 83 Antony’s Fake Auspices 238 § 84 On to the Lupercalia… 245 § 85 Vive le roi! Le roi est mort 254 § 86 Antony as Willing Slave and Would-Be King-Maker 262 § 87 Historical Precedent Demands Antony’s Instant Execution 267 § 88 Antony on the Ides of March 274 § 89 No Compromise with a Public Enemy! 279 § 90 Antony’s Finest Hour 287 § 91 Antony as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 291 § 92 Selling the Empire 305 § 100 Further Forgeries and a Veteran Foundation 310 § 101 Revels and Remunerations 316 § 102 Antony Colonized a Colony! 323 § 103 Antony’s Enrichment Activities 328 § 104 Animal House 335 § 105 Animal House: The Sequel 340 § 106 Antony Cocooned 343 § 107 Symbolic Strutting after Caesar 348 § 108 Swords Galore, or: Antony’s Return to Rome 357 § 109 Playing Fast and Loose with Caesar’s Legislation 365 § 110 Caesar: Dead Duck or Deified Dictator? 372 § 111 A Final Look at Antony’s Illoquence 382 § 112 The Senate Under Armour 387 § 113 The Res Publica Has Watchers! 392 § 114 Caesar’s Assassination: A Deed of Unprecedented Exemplarity 406 § 115 Looking for the Taste of (Genuine) Glory… 418 § 116 Caesar You Are Not! 426 § 117 Once Burnt Lesson Learnt! 444 § 118 Here I Stand. I Can Do Naught Else 447 § 119 Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death! 452 Bibliography 457 1. On-line Resources 457 2. Secondary Literature 458 Preface and Acknowledgements The sections from Philippic 2 included in the present textbook will serve as one of the set texts for the OCR Latin AS and A Level specifications from 2019–2021. It is a challenging pick, not least since Cicero serves up a smorgasbord of topics in his invective assault on Antony: he finds occasion to weigh in on modes of fornication, electoral procedures, Rome’s civic religion, political incidents and developments before and after the assassination of Caesar, and many other matters, all the while deploying a wide range of generic and discursive registers. Luckily, the availability of excellent resources facilitates engagement with the speech, including the commentaries by Mayor (1861), Denniston (1926), Ramsey (2003), and Manuwald (2007) (on Philippics 3–11, but of relevance to the entire corpus), the bilingual edition with commentary by Lacey (1986), and the translation by Shackleton Bailey (1986). As in earlier commentaries, I have tended to summarize and cite (also at length), rather than refer to, primary sources and pieces of secondary literature: for my primary audience (students, but also teachers, in secondary education), a ‘see e.g.’ or a ‘cf.’ followed by a reference is at best tantalizing, but most likely just annoying or pointless. Gestures to further readings are not entirely absent, however, since I have tried to render this commentary useful also for audiences who have more time at their hand and can get access to scholarly literature, such as students wishing to do an EPQ. The commentary tries to cater for various backgrounds: it contains detailed explication of grammar and syntax, bearing in mind students who study the text on their own; and it tries to convey a flavour of Latin studies at undergraduate level for those who are thinking of pursuing classical studies at university. © Ingo Gildenhard, CC BY 4.0 https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0156.01 2 Cicero, Philippic 2 Unless otherwise indicated, texts and translations of Greek and Latin texts are (based on) those in the Loeb Classical Library. Along with my other volumes in this series, this one would not have been possible without the gallant support of John Henderson, who kindly explained to me what Philippic 2 is all about while turning around an unusually unwieldy draft with his customary speed and bountiful comments, now all incorporated in the commentary, and Alessandra Tosi, who has shepherded this project from first idea to final product with much-appreciated patience and enthusiasm. I am also grateful to Liam Etheridge for his nifty copy-editing, Bianca Gualandi for her magically swift generation of the proofs, and King’s, my College at the University of Cambridge, which has generously contributed a grant to help cover the cost of publication. Dedico questo libro ai miei suoceri, Vivi e Lucio. INTRODUCTION © Ingo Gildenhard, CC BY 4.0 https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0156.02 When one day the head of Cicero was brought to them [sc. Antony and his wife Fulvia] — he had been overtaken and slain in flight —, Antony uttered many bitter reproaches against it and then ordered it to be exposed on the speakers-platform more prominently than the rest, in order that it might be seen in the very place where Cicero had so often been heard declaiming against him, together with his right hand, just as it had been cut off. And Fulvia took the head into her hands before it was removed, and after abusing it spitefully and spitting upon it, set it on her knees, opened the mouth, and pulled out the tongue, which she pierced with the pins that she used for her hair, at the same time uttering many brutal jests. Cassius Dio 47.8.3–41 Like few other periods in (ancient) history, late-republican and early- imperial Rome pullulated with memorable personalities. The years that saw the fitful transformation of a senatorial tradition of republican government into an autocratic regime produced a gallery of iconic figures that have resonated down the ages: Julius Caesar (‘Cowards die many times before their deaths | the valiant never taste of death but once’), Marcus Tullius Cicero (‘But for my own part [what he said] was Greek to me’), Marcus Brutus (‘This was the noblest Roman of them all’), Gaius Cassius (‘Men at some time are masters of their fates’), Marcus Antonius, a.k.a. Mark Antony (‘Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears’), and Octavian, the future princeps Augustus (‘The time of universal peace is near’), have all remained household names, 1 Cassius Dio (c. 155–c. 235 CE) was a Roman statesman and historiographer, writing in Greek. 6 Cicero, Philippic 2 partly because they have continued to inspire creative individuals also in post-classical times — not least Shakespeare.2 They are certainly good to think with, evoking Big Issues and Ideas, such as Civil War and Dictatorship (Caesar), Republican Liberty (Cicero), Tyrannicide (Brutus and Cassius), Power and Love (Antony and Cleopatra), and Empire (Augustus).