Hawaii AGRITOURISM GUIDE MAPS, TOP AG PRODUCTS, FISHING AND TEA MOD INFUSION HAWAII AGRITOURISM GUIDE TEXT and images ARE THE propertY OF THE artists CREDITED HEREIN. © 2013 CTG PUBLishing and MELANIE WIDMANN. ALL rights reserVED. NO part OF THIS PUBLication MAY BE reproduced OR transmitted IN ANY form OR BY ANY means, ELectronic OR mechanicaL, INCLuding photocopY, recording, OR ANY information storage and RETRIEVAL SYstem, WITHOUT THE PRIOR Written permission OF THE PUBLisher. Image: TREE FERNS, HAWAII BY daVEYnin Front coVER image: Cacao BY MIKE MCCUNE BacK coVER image: WaLL OF Tears, Maui BY STEVE JURVetson HAWAII seafLOOR BY nps.goV JACK LONDON FROM MY HAWAIIAN ALOHA The Hawaii-born, unlike the Californian, does not talk big. “When you come down to the Islands you must visit us,” he will say; “we’ll give you a good time.” That’s all. No swank. Just like an invitation to dinner. And after the visit is accomplished you will confess to yourself that you never knew before what a good time was, and that for the first time you have learned the full alphabet of hospitality. There is nothing like it. The Hawaii-born won’t tell you about it. He just does it. Note from THE PUBLISHER MELANIE PAQuette WIDMANN Entrancing colors, evocative fragrances and sumptuous flavors, discover what grows in the soils of this paradise. On these islands, the familiar becomes exotic as your eyes wander over ice cream bananas and rainbow papayas. Catch a glimpse of these wonders at botanical gardens and arboretums or get a taste of Hawaii by visiting farmers’ markets and farms. You can also rely on the tropical waters of the Hawaiian Archipelago to yield its own colorful bounty. Each season offers a unique experience. Some fruit is available during most of the year, while others follow a cycle of blooms in the springtime followed by fruit in the summer and fall. If you are a photographer, the seasons offer coffee trees filled with white blooms (Kona snow) or red coffee cherries that pop against waxy green leaves. Mod Infusion makes it easy to find these agricultural gems with beautiful pictures of the top agricultural (AG) products and some exotics. We’ve also provided lists of farm tours, farmers’ markets and gardens so you can see, smell and taste these local flavors. For tea lovers, we’ve included a special section just for you! Explore! HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 4 ∙ Bananas BY ALAN L. WHAT IS AGRITOURISM? Agritourism, as presented in this guide, includes travel, culinary, art and other activities that are inspired by two main sectors of the economy. These two main sectors are: FARM PRODUCTION [Crops, Pasture & Animal Production] FISHERIES [Aquaculture & Seafisheries] HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 5 ∙ THE AGRITOURIST LOVES ▪▪Discovering new recipes and cultures ▪▪Discovering jams, wines, syrups, oils, herbs and spa items ▪▪Discovering wild and farm raised animals on land and sea ▪▪Visiting roadside stands and farmers’ markets ▪▪Picking and growing agricultural products ▪▪Going to food, wine and agricultural festivals ▪▪Visiting arboretums, parks, museums, gardens and factories ▪▪Visiting and staying on farms ▪▪Staying at a bed and breakfast ▪▪Photography, painting and media production 2013 KING KAMEHEMEHA PARADE BY DanieL RAMIREZ HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 6 ∙ RAINBOW EUCALYptus TREE BY FRANK KoVALCHEK [Contents] PAGE SUBJECT 10 The Lists: Top AG Products [Animals, Fruits and Vegetables] 16 Fishing: Commercial and Sport 24 The Islands: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Oahu and Kauai 54 The People: Cultures and Culinary Notes 56 AG Product Focus: Top 20 AG Products and Exotics 79 Endangered Species of Hawaii 80 Hawaii-grown Tea 91 Maps: Island Highways, Waterways and Rain Fall 99 Hawaiian and Common Fish Names HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 7 ∙ Hawaiian BLuE SPINy Lobster ▪ LANAI By STEVE Jurvetson AREA POPULATION LAND AREA (Square Miles) Hawaii State 1,374,810 6,422.63 Hawaii County 186,738 4,028.42 Maui County 156,674 1,161.52 Honolulu County 963,607 600.74 Kauai County 67,701 619.96 Data source: quickfacts.CENSuS.gov/qFd/states/15/15009.HTML HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 8 ∙ HAWAII THE SOILS and CLimate OF THE state SOurces: WWW.ctahr.Hawaii.Edu/OC/FrEEPuBS/PdF/SCM-20.PdF and WWW.PRH.noaa.GOV/HNL/pages/CLimate_SUMMARY.PHP The state of Hawaii has diverse soils and climates. The state’s sea level temperature varies little from a low of 73 in the winter to about 80 degrees in the summer. From night to day, it only varies about 1 to 2 degrees. The diversity in climate comes from the wind, rain and terrain, with temperatures decreasing by 3 degrees per 1,000 feet of elevation. The terrain ranges from sea level to mountains that reach nearly 14,000 feet. In addition to the terrain, the state’s soil is also diverse with ten of the world’s twelve types of soil. This diversity in soil and elevation enables the growth of many agricultural products. In terms of each island’s soil profile, the older islands tend to have more types of soil. The islands are oldest to youngest from west to east, making Kaua‘i the oldest and most diverse island, in terms of soil, and Hawaii the least diverse. HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 9 ∙ HAWAII: THE LISTS 1920 surf riders honolulu ▪ Charles William Bartlett HAWAII AGRITOURISM GUIDE ∙ 10 ∙ COFFEE image BY Scot NELSON HAWAII TOP 20 state products 2011 RanK AG Product $ VaLUE (1,000) 1 SEEd CrOPS (COrN) 242,970 2 Sugarcane 78,100 3 CattLE 46,369 4 Macadamia nuts 38,220 5 COFFEE 31,540 6 ALGAE 25,230 7 Bananas 11,310 8 PapaYas 9,722 9 MILK 9,547 10 Potatoes, SWEET 7,348 HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 11 ∙ Katsu Moco BY MIKE Saechang HAWAII TOP 20 state products 2011 RanK AG Product $ VaLUE (1,000) 11 BasiL 6,225 12 Lettuce 5,453 13 PALMS, potted 3,736 14 DendroBIUMS, potted 3,400 15 Onions, DRY 3,267 16 Dracaena, potted 3,164 17 HONEY 3,137 18 Anthuriums, CUT 3,115 19 CABBage, head 2,790 20 Taro 2,747 Data source: WWW.nass.usda.GOV/Statistics_BY_State/HAWAII/PUBLications/ AnnuAL_Statistical_BuLLETIN/stat11-07.PdF HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 12 ∙ Lettuce ON A Maui farm BY SUE SALISBURY HAWAII TOP 10 state vegetable PrOducts [tarO ExCL.] VegetaBLE/HERB Production VaLUE [2011] [1,000 lbs] [$1,000] Potatoes, SWEET 16,700 7,348 BasiL 4,200 6,225 Lettuce 2,050 5,453 CABBagE 14,200 5,261 Onions 4,100 5,213 EGGPLANT 1,800 1,764 Watercress 820 1,451 SQuash 1,570 1,176 ROMAINE 1,700 1,037 BittermeLON 120 119 Data source: WWW.nass.usda.GOV/Statistics_BY_State/HAWAII/PUBLications/ VegetaBLes/annVeg.PDF and WWW.nass.usda.GOV/Statistics_BY_State/HAWAII/ PUBLications/VegetaBLes/HERB.PDF HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 13 ∙ pineappLE, RAMButan and Bananas, HILO BY BrocK ROSEBERRY HAWAII TOP state FruIT PrOducts [pineapple ExCL.] FRUIT VALUE PRODUCTION ACRES [2011] [$1,000] [1,000 LBS] MACADAMIAS 38,220 49,000 15,000 COFFEE 31,540 7,600 6,300 BANANAS 11,310 17,400 1,000 PAPAYAS 9,722 28,600 1,300 AVOCADOS 560 700 350 GUAVAS 323 1,900 110 Other fruit with 150+ acres of production include rambutan, longan, mango and lychee. Data source: QUICKstats.nass.usda.GOV/ and WWW.nass.usda.GOV/Statistics_ BY_State/HAWAII/PUBLications/Fruits_and_Nuts/tropfrt.PDF HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 14 ∙ NONI FRUIT HARVest BY Scot NELSON HAWAII NUMBER OF FARM OPERATIONS [state, 2011] AG Product NUMBER OF farm operations FRUIT 1,600 FLOWers & NurserY Products 970 COFFEE 830 Macadamia 570 VegetaBLes and MELons 540 Taro 115 PineappLes 30 Sugarcane 1 CattLE 1,000 HOGS 230 EGGS 100 HONEY 35 MILK 15 Source: WWW.nass.usda.GOV/Statistics_BY_State/HAWAII/PUBLications/ AnnuAL_Statistical_BuLLETIN/stat11-10.PdF ANd WWW.nass.uSdA.gov/ Statistics_By_State/Hawaii/Publications/AnnuAL_Statistical_BuLLETIN/stat11- 09.PdF HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 15 ∙ HAWAIIAN FISHERIES 1920 haWaiian fisherman ▪ Charles William Bartlett HAWAII AGRITOURISM GUIDE ∙ 16 ∙ 500 year OLd KōʻIEʻIE FISHPONd By Hawaiian IslandS Humpback WHALE SanctuarY Visitor CENTER, KIHEI, Maui, HI. AQUACULTURE: FISHPONDS A fishpond [Loko I’a] is an aquaculture technique used to raise and harvest fish. The technique has been used in Hawaii for centuries. Although many fishponds are currently in disuse, the agritourist may spot these lining the beaches of Hawaii. Historically, fishponds were built on the seashore of bays to take advantage of the tides while others were built inland. According to a report in 1905 by J.N. Cobb, many of the inland fishponds were turned into taro and rice fields because of the value of these crops. As of 1900, Cobb reported 99 active fishponds on Hawaii [74 on Oahu, 15 on Molokai, 6 on Kauai and 4 on Hawaii]. These produced 682,464 lbs of fish with ama-ama [mullet] and awa [milkfish] representing 71% and 28% of the harvest, respectively. SOurCE: THE commerCIAL fisheries [OF THE Hawaiian IslandS] PuBLISHEd 1905 By [u. S.] Govt. Print. OFF. HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 17 ∙ AHI POKE BY FAMILY O’ABÉ COMMERCIAL FISHING 2011 TOP 10 CATCHES Fish % By fish % By WEIGHT $ VALUE TUNA, BIGEYE 44% TUNA, BIGEYE 58% TUNA, YELLOWFIN 12% TUNA, YELLOWFIN 11% SWORDFISH 9% SWORDFISH 7% TUNA, ALBACORE 5% DOLPHINFISH 5% OPAH 5% OPAH 3% DOLPHINFISH 5% TUNA, ALBACORE 3% MARLIN, BLUE 3% WAHOO 2% MARLIN, STRIPED 3% POMFRETS 2% TUNA, SKIPJACK 2% MARLIN, BLUE 1% OILFISH 2% MARLIN, STRIPED 1% SOurCE: WWW.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/commerCIAL-fisheries/commerCIAL- LANdINGS/annuAL-LANdINGS-WITH-GrOuP-Subtotals/ HAWAII agritourism GUIDE ∙ 18 ∙ RECREATIONAL FISHING Economic Approximately $450 million in direct Impact: annual expenditures; $50 million in direct and indirect revenues for marlin fishing alone with Marlin (blue and striped), tuna, wahoo, and mahi