Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin P/N 3101212 • REV 02 • REB 26JUL13 Copyright © 2013 UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc. All rights reserved. This document may not be copied in whole or in part or otherwise reproduced without prior written consent from UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc., except where specifically permitted under US and international copyright law. Disclaimer The information in this document is subject to change without notice. UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc. assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions and specifically disclaims any liabilities, losses, or risks, personal or otherwise, incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use or application of any of the contents of this document. For the latest documentation, contact your local supplier or visit us online at www.edwardssignaling.com. This publication may contain examples of screen captures and reports used in daily operations. Examples may include fictitious names of individuals and companies. Any similarity to names and addresses of actual businesses or persons is entirely coincidental. Trademarks and patents The Edwards Signaling name and logo are registered trademarks of UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc. Other trade names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of the manufacturers or vendors of the respective products. Intended use Use this product only for the purpose it was designed for; refer to the data sheet and user documentation for details. For the latest product information, contact your local supplier or visit us online at www.edwardssignaling.com. FCC compliance This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Content Under floor installations • 24 Related documentation • ii Effects of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems • 25 Overview of smoke, heat, and duct detectors • 1 Door release service • 26 Smoke detector locations • 26 Heat detector applications • 3 Introduction • 3 Duct smoke detector E-HD Fixed-Temperature/Rate of Rise applications • 27 Heat Detector • 3 Introduction • 27 Spacing of heat detectors • 3 E-PDD Duct Smoke Detector Ceiling height and construction • 7 installation guidelines • 27 Exposed solid joists • 8 Air sampling tube • 28 Exposed beams • 10 Air velocity • 29 Sloped ceilings • 12 Avoidance of false alarms • 29 Smoke detector applications • 14 Initial installation testing • 30 Introduction • 14 Duct smoke detector initial installation E-PD Photoelectric Smoke test • 30 Detector • 14 E-PHD multi-sensor smoke Sensitivity readings • 34 detector • 14 Avoidance of false alarms • 15 Routine maintenance • 35 Spacing of smoke detectors • 17 Scheduled testing • 35 Stratification • 17 Detector cleaning procedure • 37 Partitions • 19 Recalibrate a device and record Exposed solid joists • 19 detector sensitivity and available Exposed beams • 21 compensation • 39 Sloped ceilings • 23 High air movement • 23 Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin i Related documentation National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1 Batterymarch Park R P.O. Box 9101 NFPA Quincy, MA 02269-9101 NFPA 70 National Electric Code NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code N FPA 90A Installation of Air conditioning and Ventilating Systems Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (ULI) U 333 Pfingsten Road R L Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 UL 38 Manually Actuated Signaling Boxes UL217 Smoke Detectors, Single & Multiple Station UL 228 Door Closers/Holders for Fire Protective Signaling Systems UL 268 Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems UL 268A Smoke Detectors for Duct Applications UL 346 Waterflow Indicators for Fire Protective Signaling Systems UL 464 Audible Signaling Appliances UL 521 Heat Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems UL 864 Standard for Control Units for Fire Protective Signaling Systems UL 1481 Power Supplies for Fire Protective Signaling Systems UL 1638 Visual Signaling Appliances UL 1971 Visual Signaling Appliances Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC) 7 Crouse Road R Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3A9 ULC S527 Standard for Control Units for Fire Alarm Systems ULC S524 Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems ULC S529 Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Systems ULC S536 Standard for the Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems ULC S537 Standard for the Verification of Fire Alarm Systems NEMA Guide for Proper Use of Smoke Detectors in Duct Applications PLUS... Requirements of state and local building codes Requirements of the Authority Having Jurisdiction ii Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin Overview of smoke, heat, and duct detectors Overview of smoke, heat, and duct detectors This group of detectors comprises of a variety of detection technologies available in various combinations to meet the needs of the fire protection community. The smoke and heat detectors are constructed of a white, high-impact polymer and plug into one of a variety of mounting bases that feature base locking tabs. The duct smoke detectors are constructed of a black, high-impact polymer with a clear plastic cover and attach directly to the HVAC system duct. The table below lists the available detector models. Smoke, heat, and duct detectors Model Description E-PD Photoelectric smoke detector E-PHD Combination photoelectric smoke and 135°F (57°C) fixed-temperature heat detector E-HD Combination 135°F (57°C) fixed- temperature and 15°F (8°C) per minute rate-of-rise heat detector E-PDD Duct smoke detector The smoke and heat detectors are analog addressable devices that contain their own microprocessors, which allow them to make alarm decisions based on the information collected by their sensors. Depending on the detector, decisions may be based on the information gathered by up to two independent sensing elements. The address of each detector is assigned using the two rotary switches located on the detector. These detectors provide LEDs that indicate the detector’s condition. In normal condition, the network control panel performs background supervision indicated by the flashing green LED. An alarm condition is indicated by the flashing red LED. Multiple sensing technologies are incorporated into E-PHD and E-HD detectors, which makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. The tables in the Heat detector applications section of this document list the applications suitable for the E-PHD and E-HD. Tables in the Smoke detector applications section list the applications suitable for the E-PD and E-PHD. The Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin 1 Overview of smoke, heat, and duct detectors Duct smoke detector applications section of this document lists the applications suitable for the E-PDD. E-PD, E-PHD, and E-PDD detectors offer a variety of sensitivity settings. The alarm sensitivity is the minimum obscuration level at which the detector will initiate an alarm condition. The alarm sensitivity level may be changed to any of five sensitivity settings using front panel programming or the configuration utility. All smoke detectors offer alarm verification, which is used to validate an alarm condition before it is processed by the control panel. When enabled, the alarm verification function tries to reset a detector that has initiated an alarm condition. If the detector cannot be reset or if it returns to its alarm condition within the required time window, the alarm is considered valid and is processed by the control panel. 2 Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin Heat detector applications Heat detector applications Introduction WARNING: This detector is intended for use with ionization and/or photoelectric smoke detectors. The heat detector by itself does not provide life safety protection. Heat detectors sense a change in air temperature and initiate alarms based on a fixed-temperature point, rate of temperature rise, or amount of temperature rise above ambient condition. Spot type heat detectors should be selected so that the rating is at least 20°F (11°C) above maximum expected ceiling temperature. Ceiling height, construction, and ventilation play significant roles in detector performance and must be considered when determining detector placement. E-HD Fixed-Temperature/Rate of Rise Heat Detector The table below lists six standard types of fire and the suitability of the E-HD for each. The E-HD contains a 135°F (57°C) fixed-temperature heat sensor and a 15°F (8°C) per minute rate-of-rise heat sensor, which are best suited to detect fast, flaming fires such as open wood and liquid fires without smoke. E-HD applications Type of fire Suitability of E-HD Open wood Optimal Wood pyrolysis Unsuitable Smoldering cotton Unsuitable PU foam Suitable n-Heptane Very suitable Liquid fire without smoke Optimal Spacing of heat detectors Spot type heat detector spacing ratings are based on detector installation on a flat, smooth ceiling that is 10 feet (3 m) high. The listed spacing equates detector operation with the opening of a standard sprinkler head within 2 minutes (+/- 10 seconds) located 10 feet (3 m) from the same fire. Spot type detector spacing is Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin 3 Heat detector applications shown in the figure below. Detector coverage is typically represented as a square because most structures have flat sidewalls. Actual detector coverage is a circle whose radius is 0.7 times the listed spacing. Since all of the area within the detector’s circle of coverage is suitable for detecting a fire, the shape and dimensions of the detector coverage “square” in the figure below may be modified.