A STUDY OF BIO-GRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING ON MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN KASKI DISTRICT A THESIS SUBMITTED BY BASU DEV TIMSINA FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIRMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF EDUCATION PRITHVI NARAYAN CAMPUS, POKHARA TRIVUWAN UNIVERSITY APRIL, 2013 A STUDY OF BIO-GRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING ON MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN KASKI DISTRICT A THESIS SUBMITTED BY BASUDEV TIMSINA CAMPUS ROLL NO.217/064 T.U. REG. NO: 9-1-48-1534-98 EXAM ROLL NO: 480310 IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF EDUCATION PRITHVI NARAYAN CAMPUS, POKHARA TRIVUWAN UNIVERSITY APRIL, 2013 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY PRITHIVI NARAYAN CAMPUS DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF EDUCATION POKHARA RECOMMENDATION LETTER This is to certify that Mr. BASUDEV TIMSINA, student of academic year 2064/2065 with campus Roll No. 217/064, Exam Roll No.: 480310 and T.U. Registration No.: 9-1-48-1534-98 has completed his thesis under my supervision during the period prescribed by the rules and regulations of Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The thesis entitled “A STUDY OF BIO-GRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING ON MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN KASKI DISTRICT” has been prepared based on the results of this investigation conducted during the period of 2012-2013. I hereby, recommend and forward that this thesis be submitted for the evaluation as the partial fulfillment of the requirements to award the degree of Master of Education. ……………...………………. Mr. Bishnu Bahadur Thapa Supervisor Department of Mathematics Prithvi Narayan Campus Pokhara Date: 2069/12/……. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY PRITHIVI NARAYAN CAMPUS DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF EDUCATION POKHARA, NEPAL Thesis Submitted By BASUDEV TIMSINA Entitled “A STUDY OF BIO-GRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING ON MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN KASKI DISTRICT” has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Education Committee for the Viva-voce Signature Asso. Prof. Narendra Narayan Jha ____________ (Head of the Department) ……………………… ____________ (External Examiner) Mr. Bishnu Bahadur Thapa ____________ (Supervisor) Date……………………. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am heavily indebted to my respected supervisor Mr. Bishnu Bahadur Thapa, lecture of Department of Mathematics, Prithivi Narayan Campus, Pokhara. His valuable constructive suggestions, instructions and scholarly guidance have become the great property of this dissertation. Without his constant supervision and intellectual guidance this study would never have been appeared in this form. So I haven’t found any such word to express my deep gratitude to him for his kind help. I feel immense heartiest pleasure in expressing my gratitude to Asso.Prof. Narendra Narayan Jha, Mr. Bibhav Neupane , Mr. Maheshwor Pokheral, Mr. Gangadhar Poudel and all the teacher of the Department of Mathematics for their valuable comments and suggestions. I wish to express my grateful appreciation to all the school family of Shree Mahendra Higher Secondary School, Shree Rameshwari Higher Secondary School, Uma Secondary School,Nava Pravat Secondary School and Birethati Secondary School for their kind cooperation and providing opportunity for collection of data. I especially express my heartiest thanks to my friend Mr. Krisna Prasad Kafle who help me during this study, and also Mr. Purnadip Subedi, Mr. Madan Thapa, Mr. Mahendra Chhetri and all other friends for their kind help. I can not here by disregard the most inspiring support as my wife Ms. Ganga. Finally, I wish to acknowledge my parents for their invaluable contribution of my career, great patience and encouragement during my study that helps me during this study. Similarly, I express thanks to "Tellin Computer Service, Nayabazar, Pokhara for best typing and Sugam Computer Sewa, Bagar, Pokhara for setting and binding of this thesis. April, 2013 Basu Dev Timsina ABSTRACT The prime concern of this study was to explore the "Effects of Bio- Graphic factor on Mathematics achievement in Kaski district". An achievement test paper was the main instrument including parent questionnaire form and student’s questionnaire form for the study. The sample of study included 110 students out of them 50 boys and 60 were girls from four government Schools of Kaski district. To collect the data for this study the researcher developed the test consisting of 54 multiple choice items on the basis of the prescribed textbook of mathematics of grade nine. To maintain validity and reliability of the test the researcher use item analysis. For this the researcher administrated achievement test paper with 50 students of Shree Birethati Secondary School, Dangsing-5, Kaski. By obtaining P-value and D-value of the items, 14 items were rejected and remaining 40 items were accepted for the final form. The achievement test was administrated in grade ten students at the beginning of session to find out the achievement level of students. The time given for achievement test was one and half hour, one mark was given for one right answer. The mean, standard deviation, correlation tools and Z-test were used for analysis of data. The following results were found. a. The mean score of children of educated, literate and illiterate fathers are 20.48, 15.38 and 11.22 respectively. The mean score of children of educated father is higher than that of literate and illiterate. And the mean score of literate is higher than illiterate father. b. The mean score of children of service, trade and agricultural father are 16.02, 14.75 and 13.50 respectively. The mean score of service children is higher than that of trade and agricultural children. And the mean score of trade father's children is higher than that of agricultural. c. The mean score of small size, middle size and large size family children are 17.10, 12.93 and 12.81 respectively. The means score of children of small size is higher than that of middle size and large size family and the mean score of middle size family's children is higher than that of large size family children. d. The mean score of children from high, middle and low family income are 20.37, 14.92 and 11.58 respectively. The mean score of high family incomes children is higher than middle and low family income. e. The mean score of boys and girls are 16.50 and 13.76 respectively. The mean score of boys is higher than the mean score of girls. f. Mathematics achievement of students were found to be associated with the father's education, Father's occupation and positively correlated with family income but negatively correlated with family size and gender. g. Family education was positively correlated with father's occupation and family income but negatively correlated with family size. h. The variable father occupation was low positively correlated with family income and negatively correlated with family size. And family size was negatively correlated with family income. i. Mathematics achievement of boys was strongly positively associated with father's education and Family income and positive associated with father's occupation. But mathematics achievement of boys was negatively associated with family size. j. Mathematics achievement of girls was strongly correlated with father's education and family income but negatively correlated with father's occupation and family size. k. Mathematics achievement of students was effected by father education, family size, family income. TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPICS Page No. Recommendation Letter ii Approval Letter iii Acknowledgement iv Abstract v Table of Contents viii List of Tables x List of Abbreviations xi CHAPTER –I: INTRODUCTION 1-14 Background of the Study 1 Statements of the Problems 9 Significance of the Study 10 Objectives of the Study 11 Hypothesis of the Study 11 Limitations of the Study 12 Description of Variables 12 Definition of the key terms used 13 CHAPTER - II : LITERATURE REVIEW 15-25 Reviewing the Related Literature of the Study 15 CHAPTER - III: METHODOLOGY 26-28 Population of the Study 26 Sample of the Study 26 Instrument 27 Construction 27 Items Analysis 27 Refinement 27 Procedure of Data Collection 28 Data Analysis Procedure 28 CHAPTER - IV: ANALYSIS OF DATA AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 29-36 CHAPTER - V: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37-41 Summary 37 Findings 38 Recommendations 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY 42-44 APPENDIX - I 45-52 APPENDIX - II 53 APPENDIX- III 54 APPENDIX - IV 55 APPENDIX - V 56 APPENDIX - VI 58 APPENDIX - VII 59 APPENDIX - VIII 60 APPENDIX - IX 61 APENDIX - X 63 LIST OF TABLE Table No. Title Page No. 1. Mean and Standard Deviation of Mathematic Achievement by Father's Education 30 2. Mean and Standard Deviation of Mathematics Achievement by Father's Occupation 30 3. Mean and Standard Deviation of Mathematics Achievement by Family Size 31 4. Mean and Standard Deviation of Mathematics Achievement by Family Income 32 5. Mean and Standard Deviation of Mathematics Achievement by Gender of child 32 6. Correlation of Bio-Graphical Related Variables and Mathematics Achievement and Z-test 33 7. Inter-Correlation of Bio-Graphical Related Variables and Mathematics Achievement 34 8. Correlation of Bio-Graphical Related Variables with Mathematics Achievement by Gender 35 9. Inter-Correlation of Bio-Graphical Related Variables and Mathematics Achievement of Boys 36 10. Inter-Correlation of Bio-Graphical Related Variables and Mathematics Achievement of Girls 36 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BPEP : Basic and Primary Education Project CDC : Curriculum Development Center CERID : Research Center for Education Innovation and Development EDSC : Educational Development Service Center FE : Father's Education FI : Family Income FO : Father's Occupation FS : Family Size MA : Mathematics Achievement MOE : Ministry of Education NGO : Non Government Organization NESP : National Education System Plan SAARC : South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation UNESCO : United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization VDC : Village Development Committee .