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"if Zorita and Richard Simunek ATTN: Simuneks ATTN: Simuneks Long & Foster Long & Foster 5101 Wisconsin Avenue, NW dMONG & 4600 Lee Highway Washington, DC 20016 Arlington, VA 22207 Direct Line: (202) 296-4304 ^FOSTER' Direct Line: (703) 284-9365 Fax: (202) 659-0998 £T REALTORS" Fax: (202) 659-0998 [email protected] CONTENTS September 1998 I Vol. 75, No. 9 COVER COLUMNS Focus ON DIPLOMACY AND THE MILITARY PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 18 / You CALL THIS A REVOLUTION? The FSO as Military Expert High tech may be launching more than By Dan Geisler one “Revolution in Military Affairs.” By Christopher Gunther SPEAKING OUT / 15 The Foreign Service’s Own Catch-22 24 / DIPLOMATIC CONSEQUENCES By Martin G. Brennan OF THE COMING RMA When the U.S. is unrivalled POSTCARD FROM AJBROAD / 56 militarily, who needs allies? Genghis Khan’s Ancient Capital By Rachel Bronson and Dan Goitre By Susan E. Stayer 34 / THE REAL “A” TEAM U.S. Special Operations Forces are active around the world. By Jon Gundersen and Stephen Howard 40 / DIPLOMACY, FORCE AND THE DIPLOMAT-WARRIOR We Mourn Our Losses The use of force may not be fashionable, but the U.S. needs As this issue of the Foreign Service diplomats with military savvy. Journal was going to press, we received By Howard K. Walker the terrible news of the August 7 bombings of the U.S. embassies in FEATURE Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam. 44 / THE SENATE CONFIRMATION GAME You can’t leave home without it — so here’s AFSA mourns the loss of the embassy how you get it. A Senate staffer’s inside view. employees and many other people By Daniel Fisk who were killed by the blasts. We DEPARTMENTS extend our sympathies to the families and friends of those who were killed, 7 /LETTERS and we hope for the recovery of the 12 / CLIPPINGS many who were injured. 50 / BOOKS 55 / INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Cover and inside Must by Peter Lacalamita THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS THORKICNQRRVLCE Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0015-7279), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published _I_J o I it \ A i monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing Editor Editorial Board herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the BOB GULDIN EDWARD MARKS, Chairman Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries are invited. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $9.50 included in Managing Editor ELIZABETH SPIRO CLARK annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical KATHLEEN CURRIE MITCHELL A. COHN postage paid at Manchester, N.H., and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Foreign Assistant Editor THEODORE CHAIC EVA-LOTTA JANSSON Service Journal, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Information AUREUUS FERNANDEZ Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising Advertising b Circulation DAVID I. HITCHCOCK Manager inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of the services ED MILTENBERCER KATHERINE INEZ LEE or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. E-MAIL: [email protected]. WEB: www.afsa.org. TELE¬ MARY LEYVELLEN AFSA NEWS Editor PHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Association, 1998. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address WESLEY ANN GODARD ROBERTA MAHONEY Editorial Intern MARK MATTHEWS changes to AFSA Membership, 2101 E Street N.W.. 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Our oversized, luxurious suites put you close to the business district and historic sights, world-class dining and eclectic shops that make Georgetown so exceptional. For reservations or information, please call our Sales Department today. • Free Continental Breakfast • Fully equipped kitchens EORGETOWN • Free local calls • 2 for 1 dining at selected restaurants • Free daily maid service • 15 Minutes From National Airport 100029th Street, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20007 • 202-298-7800 • 800-348-7203 • e-mail: [email protected] 4 FOREIGN SERVICE J O V RN AU S EPT EM B ER 1998 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS The FSO as Military Expert BY DAN GEISLER T|his issue of die Foreign Service which of course creates staffing gaps. Journal focuses on the role of Consequently, PM has brought in die military in foreign relations. The cadre of highly qualified Civil Service person¬ Although our foreign policy managers nel. The ongoing “virtual integration” don’t always agree with their armed Foreign Service of die Arms Control and Disarmament services colleagues, we are bound Agency (ACDA), which had very few together not only by our common goal political-military Foreign Service people, has caused a — safeguarding Americas national further decline in the relative number security — but also by healthy State- experts is on the of Foreign Service officers engaged in Defense Department institutional political-military affairs. links. We share personnel through the wane, but we can This is a workforce management exchange of detailees. Our people train concern. Part of the responsibility lies together at DOD s war colleges and in change that with PM management, who need to States Senior Seminar. We work take seriously their staffing responsibil¬ togedrer on country teams abroad. ities. For PM and the Foreign Service, These institutional links foster the per¬ that means having the front office sonal relationships that are vital to pol¬ engaged in both recruiting and in “out- icy-making. placing,” i.e., getting good follow-on There’s a fascinating account of die training at die National War College or assignments for current mid former relationship between military action a detail to DOD provides some of diat. staff. It means injecting PM into the and foreign policy in the opening chap¬ But diey do not create Foreign Service assignments process by laying claim to ters of Dick Holbrooke’s new book To officers with die depdi that conies only jobs abroad with high pol-mil content. Enel a War. He recounts die tortuous from working political-military issues Part of die responsibility lies also process of deciding whether to bomb over time. witii central system personnel man¬ the Bosnian Serbs in order to create die We will find it increasingly difficult agers. They need to ensure diat a con¬ conditions necessary for substantive to play a primary role in national securi¬ solidated PM-ACDA provides for diplomatic negotiations. There’s a ty issues if we are incapable of fielding a Foreign Service personnel a clear telling lesson for the Foreign Service in credible political-military team. At pre¬ career path diat leads to senior policy that account. It is impossible for the sent, die State Departments cadre of positions. AFSA has spoken on several Foreign Service to lead an intelligent Foreign Service political-military occasions widi die upper echelons of policy debate on issues of crucial impor¬ experts is on the wane.