Index abbeys, 11–13, 16, 20, 31, 109 Arason, Jón, 154, 156 abbots, 31, 35, 91, 105, 107, 109 Arnold of Brescia, 35–6 absenteeism, clerical, 34, 121, Articulants, 170–1 178, 180 askesis/asceticism, 11, 13–15, 20, Agricola, Michael, 159 23, 34–5, 37, 39, 41, 47, Albigensians, see Cathars 55–6, 60 Albrecht of Brandenburg, Augsburg Confession, 140–2, 146, Archbishop of Mainz, 45–6, 147n, 150n, 160 49, 58, 110, 138, 140 Augsburg Interim, 145–6 Alexander VI, pope, 54 Augsburg Recess, 141–2 Alsace, 87, 101, 105–6, 110, 124 Augustine of Hippo, 18–20, 62, Althing (Icelandic parliament), 71–3, 78, 180 155 Augustinian Hermits, 43, 60–2, Ameaux, Pierre, 171 78, 82–3, 90 Anabaptists, 33, 87, 99, 118–32, authority of 135, 137, 140, 147, 161, Bible, 50, 59, 62, 74–5, 94, 143, 166–7, 170, 173, 188, 190 179 laws against, 120, 122, 126, 137 bishops, 9–10, 20–1, 44, 95–6, Andreae, Laurentius, 158, 160 137, 152, 160, 178, 180 Anonymous of York, see Norman church, 37, 53, 63–4, 77 Anonymous church councils, 40, 50–1, 65, anti-clericalism, 12, 56–7, 59, 83, 75, 145 88, 114,COPYRIGHTED 117, 119, 166, 169 clergy, MATERIAL6, 19, 43–4, 77, 171 anti-fraternalism, 38–9, 78, 84, congregations/laypeople, 86, 93, 173–4 51, 115–16, 121 Antoine of Lorraine, 110 God, 51, 62 The Reformation: A Brief History, First Edition. Kenneth G. Appold. © 2011 Kenneth G. Appold. Published 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. AAppold_bindex.inddppold_bindex.indd 119393 22/1/2011/1/2011 55:36:50:36:50 PPMM authority of (cont’d ) bishops, 5, 8–13, 15–21, 24, 26, Gospel, 95–6 29–30, 32–3, 35, 44–5, kings/princes, 17–19, 30–1, 63–4, 49–50, 53, 56, 77–8, 82, 77, 85, 117, 148–9, 189 88, 90, 96–7, 99, 101–2, patriarchs, 16 114, 137, 140, 143–4, popes, 17, 19, 21–31, 37, 40, 149–60, 164, 167, 171, 49–51, 54, 57, 63, 65–7, 179, 180, 187 77–8, 81, 147, 189 Blaurock, Jörg, 121–2 temporal rulers/magistrates, 4, Bohemia, 53, 75, 106, 129, 181 8, 17, 51, 63, 67, 77, 95–6, Boniface, St., 12 99, 122, 136 Boniface VIII, pope, 29–30 tradition, 179 Bora (Luther), Katharina von, Avignon papacy, 28–9, 31, 38 191 bourgeoisie, 32, 60, 93, 117, 138 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 188 Brethren and Sisters of the Baden Disputation (1526), 100 Common Life, 54–5, 175 ban (see also excommunication), Brötli, Johannes, 121–2 123, 125 Bruno of Eguisheim, see Leo IX baptism, 7, 37, 77, 87, 118, 126, Bucer, Martin, 101, 139–40, 145, 128–9, 184 167 believers’, 118, 120–2, 124–5, 127 Bugenhagen, Johannes, 101, 151 infant, 87, 120, 122–3 Bullinger, Heinrich, 55, 127, 163 spirit, 37 Bundschuh, 106 Bascio, Matteo da, 174 Buren, Idelette van, 167 Basel (see also Council of Basel), burghers, see bourgeoisie 87, 91, 99, 100, 102, 113, 162, 165 Cajetan (Gaetano) di Thiene, 175 Bellarmine, Robert, 177 Cajetan, Tommaso de Vio, papal Benedictines, 20, 23, 90–2, 105, legate, 63–4 107, 125, 176 Calvin, John, 147n, 162–72 benefices, 33, 34, 77, 165, 178 Articles concerning the Bern, 100, 102, 126–7, 162–4, 170–1 Organization of the Church … Bernard of Clairvaux, 35 in Geneva, 166 Bernardino da Siena, 56 Ecclesiastical Ordinances, 167–8 Berthelier, Philippe, 172 Institutes of the Christian Religion, Bible 165, 172 study of, 54, 59, 61–2, 69–70, canon law, 16, 26–7, 45, 53, 58, 74–5, 91–2, 100, 107, 111, 66, 94 119–20, 143, 168–9 Canossa, 26 translation, 60, 69, 100, 152, Capistrano, Giovanni da, 56 156, 159 capitalism, 44, 126, 132 194 Index AAppold_bindex.inddppold_bindex.indd 119494 22/1/2011/1/2011 55:36:50:36:50 PPMM Capuchins, 174, 189 clerical marriage, 70, 78, 93, 95–7, Carafa, Giovanni Pietro (see also: 140, 157, 188 Paul IV, pope), 176, 178, 181 clerks regular, 176 cardinals, 21–2, 178–9 Clovis, 9, 17 college of, 22, 28 Cluny/Cluniac reforms, 20–1, 23 Carmelites, 149, 175 Columba, 11 Cathars (Albigensians), 37–8 Columbanus, 11–13 Catherine of Genoa, 55 commerce, see profit, trade Catherine of Siena, 175 commercial culture/values, 32, celibacy (see also chastity), 23, 52, 36, 47–8, 56, 78, 115, 126, 78, 177 130, 132, 174, 182 Celtic Christians, 11–16, 34, 43, common chest, 84, 189 48, 56, 66, 118 “common man”, see peasants charity (love), 48, 54–5, 74, communal living/religious 131–2, 168, 175–6 community, 4, 8, 36–7, Charlemagne, 18, 105 44–5, 54–5, 57, 76, 101, Charles V, emperor, 64, 67–8, 120–1, 124, 126–7, 129, 135–8, 140–2, 144–6, 148, 131–2, 176 160, 163, 179 communion, holy, see eucharist Charles VII of France, 51 communism/communistic, 35–6, chastity (see also celibacy), 13, 115, 117, 125–6, 129–31 23, 93 community of goods, 35–6, 117, Christian II of Denmark, 148–9, 125–7, 131 151, 153, 157 Compagnie des Pasteurs, 167–8, 172 Christian III of Denmark, 151–5 conciliarism, 41, 50–2, 54, 66 Christianization, 3–16, 34, 38, Concordat of Bologna (1516), 40–1, 66, 72, 154, 186 52, 81 defined, 7 concubinage/concubines, 23–4, church ordinances, 84, 101, 125, 41, 93 151–6, 160, 163, 167 Confessio Augustana, see Augsburg Cisneros, Francisco Ximenes de, Confession 52, 54, 174 Confessio Hafniensis, see Cistercians, 36, 112 Copenhagen Confession cities, 1, 3, 5, 9, 32, 36, 39, 53, 55, Confessio Helvetica Prior, 163 87–8, 90, 93, 99–103, 112, Confessio Helvetica Posterior, 163 115, 117, 128, 136, 143, Confessio Tetrapolitana, 142 145, 150, 157, 162 confession (see also: penance), free imperial, 53, 81, 87–8, 112, 13–16, 27, 41, 43–4, 48, 127, 136–7, 142, 145, 189 72, 83, 131 Clement VI, pope, 45 confraternities (brotherhoods), Clement VII, pope, 136, 140–1 55–6, 175 Index 195 AAppold_bindex.inddppold_bindex.indd 119595 22/1/2011/1/2011 55:36:50:36:50 PPMM consistories, 137, 144, 152 Augsburg (1547–1548), 145 Consistory, Geneva, 168–9 Augsburg (1555), 146 Constantine the Great, 9, 17 Speyer I (1526), 135–7, 142, Constantinople, 16–17, 29 146 Contarini, Gasparo, 178 Speyer II (1529), 137–8 contrition, 44, 48, 72, 93 Worms (1521), 67–8, 81, 87, Cop, Nicolas, 165 128, 135 Copenhagen Confession, 150–1 discipline, congregational/church, Council 27, 34, 101, 123, 125, 129, Basel (1431–1449), 51 166–7, 170–1 Chalcedon (451), 17 divine right (and peasants’ Constance (1414–1418), 29, 51, grievances), 107–8, 114, 53, 65, 68, 75 116 Lateran II (1139), 23 Dominic de Guzman, 38, 78 Lateran IV (1215), 27, 41, 43, Dominicans, 37–8, 41, 46, 49, 63, 76, 190 90, 97, 159, 182 Lateran V (1512–1517), 51–2, Dutch Revolt, 181 178 Orléans (511), 17 Eck, John, 64–6, 100, 123, 140 Pisa (1409), 29 Edict of Worms, 68–9, 100, 136–7, Pisa (1511), 51 141 Siena (1423–1424), 51 education (see also schools, Trent (1545–1563), 145–7, 175, universities), 41, 60, 70–1, 179–81 75, 99–100, 143, 149, councils (church) 17, 21, 24, 152–3, 175, 177, 187–9 27–8, 40, 50–2, 65, 68, 77, Einarsson, Gissur, 155–6 137, 140–3, 146, 178–9 election of clergy, 108, 112, craftsmen, 32, 70, 89, 102, 157 115–16, 119, 125, 144, crusades, 34, 37, 44, 161 159, 191 cuius regio, eius religio, 146, 181 Engelbrektssøn, Olav, 153 Engels, Friedrich, 111 Danzig, 87, 102 Erasmus of Rotterdam, 55, 92, Decet Romanum Pontificem, 66 181 Denck, Hans, 131 Erfurt, university, 60–1, 71 Denmark, 148–157 Erik XIV of Sweden, 160 Dentière, Marie, 191 Eriksøn, Jørgen, 153–4 Dictatus Papae, 24–5, 27, 30–1, 50, Estonia, 160 147 eucharist, 5–6, 14, 27–8, 33, 41, diet, imperial 70, 75–6, 82–4, 86, 98, Augsburg (1518), 63 101, 103, 125, 138–40, Augsburg (1530), 140–2 147n, 166–8, 179 196 Index AAppold_bindex.inddppold_bindex.indd 119696 22/1/2011/1/2011 55:36:50:36:50 PPMM Eugene IV, pope, 51 Fribourg, 164 excommunication (see also ban), Froschauer, Christoph, 94 26, 28–30, 38, 64, 66, 78, Fuggers, 46, 63, 78 96, 100, 105, 155, 166–8, Fünf Orte (Swiss Catholic 172 territories), 162–3 Exsurge Domine, 66 Gallicanism, 51–2, 181 Fabri, Johannes, 96, 140 Gelasius I, pope, 19–20 faith (in God/Christ), 61–2, 73–4, Gelassenheit (yieldedness), 86, 76–7, 94, 102, 116, 121, 129–31 125, 128 Geneva, 163–72, 191 Farel, Guillaume, 164–7, 170 City Council, 164, 166–72 fasting, 14, 94, 103, 162 George of Saxony, 64, 113, 144 Ferdinand of Austria, 137, 142, German Peasants’ War (1525), 146 107–14, 118, 124–5, 189 feudal system, 1–2, 10, 16, 22, Germany, see individual names 25, 28–34, 91, 101, 103–4, and places 111, 115–17, 129–30, 132, girls, see women 182 Gospel, 74, 77, 95–6, 108, 114, Finland, 148, 157, 159 116, 141, 162 Flugschriften, see pamphlets Gottskálksson, Oddur, 155 fornication, 14, 168–9 grace, 64, 72–4, 76, 177, 180 France, 11–13, 20–1, 27–8, 30–1, Gratian, 27 36–7, 51–2, 79, 81, 91–2, Grebel, Konrad, 99, 119–21, 123 136, 145, 163–5, 175, 178, greed (avarice), 35, 132, 169, 182 181, 189 Gregorian reforms, 23, 26–7, Francis I of France, 52, 165 34–5, 38, 127 Franciscans, 37–9, 41, 52, 56, 66, Gregory I, the Great, pope, 11, 23, 90, 117, 130, 149, 161, 55 173–4, 182 Gregory VII, pope, 22–6, 29, 31, Francis of Assisi, 37–8, 78, 173–4 34–5, 66 Franck, Sebastian, 128 Gregory of Tours, 13 Frankenhausen, battle of, 111, Grevens Fejde (Danish Count’s 113, 127 Feud), 151, 153 Franks, 9–10, 12–13, 15, 17–18 Groote, Gerhard, 54–5 Fraumünster, Zurich, 89–90 Grossmünster, Zurich, 90–1, 93–5, Frederick I of Denmark, 149–51 100, 119 Frederick II, emperor, 30 Grumbach, Argula von, 191 Frederick III (the Wise) of Saxony, guilds, 89–90 46, 63–5, 67–9, 82–5, 136 Guillermins, 170–1 Freiburg, siege of, 109 Gustav I Vasa, 157–60 Index 197 AAppold_bindex.inddppold_bindex.indd 119797 22/1/2011/1/2011 55:36:50:36:50 PPMM Habsburgs, 89, 109, 124–5, indulgences, 43–50, 57, 64, 76, 129–30, 135, 145, 161, 181 88, 121 Haderslev, 151, 153 Innocent III, pope, 26–9, 36–8 Hadrian IV, pope, 30 inquisition, 37, 49, 52, 175–6, Haetzer, Ludwig, 123