GUIDED TOUR OF ADVANCED LANGUAGE & LITERATURE Anyone who has ever taught AP® English Language or AP® English Literature knows that students’ preparation for college-level coursework needs to start long before they set foot in an AP® classroom. We have developed this book to provide Honors and Pre-AP® English teachers with rigorous, high-interest literature, nonfiction, and visual texts, as well as engaging questions and activities designed to support and challenge developing young minds. Walking into their English classes at the beginning of the year, students may ask, “Why do I have to take English again? Didn’t I do English already?” These are questions we, as authors of this book, have tried to anticipate and address. The answer we can give students is that this year they will have an opportunity to discuss compelling topics—some close to their own experience, others outside of their comfort zone—as they develop new skills and gain the knowledge they need to become college-ready readers, writers, and thinkers. —Renée Shea, John Golden, Lance Balla elcome to Advanced Language & Literature, a textbook designed specifically for Honors Wand Pre-AP® English courses. This Guided Tour of the book will introduce you to its structure and features. STRUCTURE OF ADVANCED LANGUAGE & LITERATURE Skill-Building Opening Chapters 1 Reading the World These opening chapters establish the core skills for 2 Thinking about Literature college-level academic work: reading closely, thinking 3 Thinking about Rhetoric and analytically, and writing persuasively. Each chapter uses brief Argument and accessible texts to introduce key concepts, then provides 4 Thinking about Synthesis multiple opportunities to practice those skills. Thematic Readings Chapters 5 Identity and Society Using readings that range from approachable to highly 6 Ambition and Restraint challenging, along with rigorous guided analysis tasks, 7 Ethics these chapters allow students to hone and demonstrate 8 Cultures in Conflict their mastery of the skills built in the opening chapters. 9 (Mis)Communication 10 Utopia/Dystopia Helpful Reference Section Guide to Language and Mechanics These brief guides give students and teachers resources Guide to Speaking and Listening for developing presentation skills, problem-solving Guide to MLA Documentation grammar issues, reinforcing documentation habits, and Glossary clarifying key terminology. Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. xvii Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution. A01_SHE_5741_FM_i-xxviii.indd 17 07/01/16 6:53 PM INSIDE THE OPENING CHAPTERS (Chs. 1–4) Guided Tour of Guided Tour The book begins with four opening chapters that are designed to introduce the key literary and rhetorical tools students will use in their reading and writing about imaginative litera- ture and nonfiction texts. Culminating Activities at the end of each chapter can be used as formative assessments, and those in Chapters 2, 3, and 4 are designed to mimic the Advanced Language & Literature types of tasks required on the AP® Language and AP® Literature exams. Chapter 1 — Reading the World In this chapter, we try to give students a bit of perspective on the role of literacy in the world, along with the importance of analysis—making observations, identifying patterns, and drawing conclusions—as the fundamental process humans use to make sense of the world around them, whether that means understanding a scientific principle or investigating a poem, graphic novel, or short story. Chapter 2 — Thinking about Literature In this chapter, we introduce students to the skills of literary analysis and close reading required for success in the AP® Literature and Composition course. We begin by asking students to shift how they think from literal to metaphorical. We build on the familiar process of analyzing the elements of literature—setting, character, and so on—and move toward an analysis of theme: the meaning of the work as a whole. We then ask students to investigate how stylistic choices in prose and poetry help an author create specific effects and convey meaning. Chapter 3 — Thinking about Rhetoric and Argument In this chapter, we introduce the skills of rhetorical analysis, argument analysis, and persuasive writing that are central to the AP® Language and Composition course and success in college. Through straightforward instruction based on brief examples, along with frequent skill-building activities, students move from understanding key concepts such as the rhetorical situation, ethos, logos, and pathos, to analyzing how authors use those rhetorical devices, and finally to how students can put those tools to work in their own writing. Chapter 4 — Thinking about Synthesis This chapter introduces students to synthesis, a key concept in the AP® Language and Composition course, and likely unfamiliar to most students. This chapter builds on the familiar processes of drawing on a single source as evidence and using comparison and contrast, and then guides students through the process of considering multiple perspectives on an issue and integrating ideas from multiple sources into an evidence-based argument. xviii Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution. A01_SHE_5741_FM_i-xxviii.indd 18 07/01/16 6:53 PM INSIDE THE THEMATIC READINGS CHAPTERS (Chs. 5–10) Guided Tour of Guided Tour Because we believe that big ideas are the heart and soul of every good English class, this portion of Advanced Language & Literature has been organized thematically to encourage students to ponder enduring questions, tackle cultural issues, and engage in current debates. This groundbreaking thematic anthology weds fiction with nonfiction, poetry with prose, and classic with global literary voices. The result draws students into the vibrant Advanced Language & Literature cultural conversations going on in the world around them. Thematic Chapter Overview Each thematic chapter shares the following key elements: Contents 6 Ambition And RestRAint 250 • What drives individuals to succeed? A universal theme and a • What are the benefits and risks of ambition? series of essential • What are some conditions that lead to rebellion against the status quo? questions focus the • When is violence ever justified? • How can speeches inspire people to act for change? students’ inquiry. centRAl text William Shakespeare / The Tragedy of Macbeth (drama) 254 A Central Text—a major conveRsAtion work by a world- Risk And RewARd 317 renowned author—is a W. H. Auden / Musée des Beaux Arts (poetry) 318 rich text that anchors William Carlos Williams / Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (poetry) 320 the chapter. Brian Aldiss / Flight 063 (poetry) 322 Jeffrey Kluger / Ambition: Why Some People Are Most Likely to Succeed (nonfiction) 324 Percy Bysshe Shelley / Ozymandias (poetry) 332 Two clusters of texts in William Shakespeare / from Henry VIII (drama) 334 conversation focus on the Amy Tan / The Rules of the Game (fiction) 336 Miguel de Cervantes / from Don Quixote (fiction) 345 skills needed for the AP® Literature course and the AP® Language course conveRsAtion voices of Rebellion 354 respectively. Martin Luther King Jr. / I Have Been to the Mountaintop (nonfiction) 355 Nelson Mandela / from An Ideal for Which I Am Prepared to Die (nonfiction) 364 Thomas Paine / from Common Sense (nonfiction) 374 Malala Yousafzai / Speech to the United Nations Youth Assembly (nonfiction) 378 Carrie Chapman Catt / from Women’s Suffrage Is Inevitable (nonfiction) 383 George Orwell / from Animal Farm (fiction) 388 Literacy workshops ReAding woRkshop Analyzing figurative language 393 reinforce and expand wRiting woRkshop writing an Argument 399 upon the skills developed in the first four chapters. xi Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. xix Distributed by Bedford, FreemanA01_SHE_5741_FM_i-xxiii.indd & Worth 11Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.07/01/16 5:57 PM A01_SHE_5741_FM_i-xxviii.indd 19 07/01/16 6:53 PM Readings — A Blend of Fresh and Familiar Selections Guided Tour of Guided Tour The drama, poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and visual texts in Advanced Language & Literature were designed to be both familiar and fresh, building on classic texts by Shakespeare and Martin Luther King Jr., but then departing from the usual fare by offering literature by authors from around the world such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Wisława Szymborska, as well as a wealth of new nonfiction voices. Advanced Language & Literature The texts in Advanced Language & Literature range from the approachable to the challenging, and everything in between, to give students of various skill levels points of entry and opportunities to join the conversation. Reading and Writing Workshops — Opportunities to Deepen Student Skills Every thematic chapter ends with a Reading Workshop and a Writing Workshop. These brief skill-building workshops expand upon the skills introduced in the opening chapters and guide students through detailed instruction in analysis and writing. • Each Reading Workshop begins with a quick skills refresher, and then asks students to work through analysis tasks using brief selections from readings in the chapter. • Each Writing Workshop takes students step-by-step through the process of writing various types of academic essays. READING WORKSHOP WRITING WORKSHOP 5 Analyzing Point of View Writing a Personal