Name:________________________________________ Date:____________________ Period:__________ World History Chapter 9 Study Guide 9-1 1100-1199 Political History 1. Which century corresponds with the years 1100-1199? 2. What Catholic military order was founded in 1119, and were among the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades, and grew rapidly in membership and power? 3. Who was the king of England from 1100 to 1135, and seized the English throne when his brother died in a hunting accident in 1100, and was considered a harsh but effective ruler, and died without a surviving male heir to the throne? 4. Who was king of England from 1135 to 1154, and his reign was marked by a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, and was succeeded by her son upon his death in 1154? 5. What civil war in England and Normandy took place between 1135 and 1153, and resulted in a widespread breakdown of law and order? 6. What medieval state existed in northwest Italy from 1115 to 1532? 7. What monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula existed from 1139 to 1910? 8. What major campaign launched from Europe to reclaim the County of Edessa from Muslim forces from 1147 to 1149? 9. Who was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190, and challenged papal authority and sought to establish German dominance in Western Europe, and died in Asia Minor while leading an army in the Third Crusade, and is considered one of the greatest medieval emperors? 10. Who ruled as king of England from 1154 to 1189, and controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland, and the western half of France—an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire? 11. Who was queen consort of France from 1137 to 1152 and queen consort of England from 1154 to 1189, and was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages? 12. Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170, and engaged in conflict with Henry II, King of England, over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral? 13. Who was King of France from 1180 to 1223, and defeated a coalition of rivals at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214 in which his authority became unchallenged, and transformed France from a small feudal state into the most prosperous and powerful country in Europe? 14. What battle took place on July 4, 1187 between the Crusader States and Muslim forces led by Saladin, and resulted in the fall of Jerusalem, the death or capture of thousands of Crusader knights and infantry, and Muslim reconquest of the Holy Land? 15. Who was King of England from 1189 to 1199, and developed a reputation as a great military leader and warrior, and most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France? 16. What was an attempt by the leaders of the three most powerful states of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by Muslim forces in 1187, and took place from 1189 to 1192? 17. What military campaigns brought riches and new goods to Europe, and established trade between the East and West? 18. Who reigned as pope from 1198 to 1216, and exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe’s kings, and was one of the most powerful and influential popes in history? 19. Who was King of England from 1199 to 1216, and his reign was marked by the loss of territory in France, disputes with his barons and bishops, and the limitation of royal power? 9-2 1100-1199 Innovative History 20. What structure converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails and were generally used to mill grain or pump water? 21. What powerful siege weapon was first used in 1187 and uses a swinging arm to throw heavy projectiles over large distances? 9-3 1100-1199 Cultural History 22. What is an epic poem was written in 1100 based on the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778, during the reign of Charlemagne and is the oldest surviving major work of French literature? 23. What method of critical thought dominated medieval universities from about 1100 to 1700? 24. What form of entertainment developed around the 1120s and deals mainly with themes of chivalry and courtly love? 25. What form of the English language was used from 1150 to 1500 and saw considerable adoption of Norman French vocabulary, especially in areas of politics, law, the arts and religion? 26. What cathedral church was constructed in Venice in 1117 and was given the nickname Church of Gold due to its opulent design and its status as a symbol of Venetian wealth and power, and is one of the best known examples of Italo-Byzantine architecture? 27. What style of architecture flourished in Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries, and was widely used, especially for cathedrals and churches, and its most prominent features include the use of the rib vault and flying buttresses, which allowed the weight of the roof to be counterbalanced by buttresses outside the building, giving greater height and more space for windows? 28. What medieval Catholic cathedral was constructed in Paris beginning in 1163, and was consecrated to the Virgin Mary, and is considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture, and was completed in 1345? 29. What royal castle was constructed in Scotland in the 12th century and was used as a royal residence for over 500 years, and is an important part of Scotland’s national heritage? 30. What castle was constructed in Scotland in the 12th century, and was laid siege to by Edward I’s army in 1304 with at least 17 siege engines, and is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland? 31. What competitions were held from the 12th to the 16th centuries and provided entertainment without maiming or killing, and knights proved their fighting skills in mock battles, archery, and jousting, and were attended by peasants and villagers? 32. What code of conduct was developed in 1170 and was associated with the medieval institution of knighthood and was a moral system which combined a warrior spirit, knightly piety, and courtly manners, all combining to establish a notion of honor and nobility? 33. What was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry? 34. What was a Christian Gnostic movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly what is now northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries? 35. What church was built in London in 1185 by the Knights Templar as their English headquarters? 36. Who was a British cleric and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of the tales of King Arthur and is best known for his chronicle The History of the Kings of Britain written in 1136? 9-4 1200-1299 Political History 37. Which century corresponds with the years 1200-1299? 38. What Catholic campaign was called by Pope Innocent III to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims from 1202 to 1204 and culminated in the Crusader army sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Greek Christian-controlled Byzantine Empire? 39. What city was under Western control as part of the Latin Empire from 1204 to 1261? 40. What 20-year military campaign was initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in Southern France, from 1209 to 1229? 41. Who reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 to 1245, and his reign saw the Holy Roman Empire achieve its greatest territorial extent, and he spoke six languages, and was an avid patron of science and the arts? 42. What governmental institution was developed within the Catholic Church in 1215 to combat religious dissent and eliminate heresy? 43. What battle took place on July 27, 1214 in Flanders between the Kingdom of France and the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire and Kingdom of England, and was a crushing victory for the French and dashed English and Flemish hopes of regaining lost territories? 44. What is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede on June 15, 1215, and is considered one of the greatest constitutional documents of all time? 45. What civil war in the Kingdom of England took place from 1215 to 1217 in which a group of rebellious landowners supported by a French army waged war against King John of England? 46. What country invaded England in 1216 and was later repelled by the English? 47. Who reigned as the king of England from 1216 to 1272, and in the first half of his reign he had effective control of the government, and later displayed such indifference to tradition that the barons finally forced him to agree to a series of major reforms? 48. Who reigned as king of France from 1226 to 1270, and reformed and developed French royal justice, and took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades, and is the only canonized king of France? 49. What medieval state in the Iberian Peninsula was formed in 1230 as a result of uniting with the Kingdom of Leon? 50. What name is given to the Mongol Empire that dominated Eastern Europe and deep into Siberia from 1240s to 1502? 51.