DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSIT¬TE SOCI¬LO ZIN¬T“U FAKULT¬TE SOCI¬LO P«TŒJUMU INSTIT¤TS SOCI¬LO ZIN¬T“U V«STNESIS SOCIAL SCIENCES BULLETIN ВЕСТНИК СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ НАУК 2013 2 (17) fiurn‚l‚ ìSoci‚lo Zin‚tÚu VÁstnesisî tiek publicÁti oriÏin‚li zin‚tniskie raksti soci‚laj‚s zin‚tnÁs (socioloÏij‚, politikas zin‚tnÁ, ekonomik‚, soci‚laj‚ psiholoÏij‚, tiesÓbu zin‚tnÁ), k‚ arÓ zin‚tnisko pÁtÓjumu recenzijas, konferenËu apskati, inform‚cija par zin‚tnisko dzÓvi. Redakcija pieÚem rakstus latvieu, angÔu un krievu valod‚. Redakcijas kolÁÏija V. MeÚikovs, redakcijas kolÁÏijas prieksÁdÁt‚js (Daugavpils, Latvija), D. Beresnevi- Ëiene (–auÔi, Lietuva), G. Gavtadze (Kutaisi, Gruzija), A. Ivanovs (Daugavpils, Latvija), N. Jazdanijs (Lahore, Pakist‚na), E. Jermolajeva (Daugavpils, Latvija), V. Justickis (ViÔÚa, Lietuva), V. Kosiedovskis (ToruÚa, Polija), A. MatuÔonis (ViÔÚa, Lietuva), O. Oslands (Oslo, NorvÁÏija), fi. OzoliÚa (RÓga, Latvija), S. Partyckis (œubÔina, Polija), B. Riv˛a (Jelgava, Latvija), G. Sokolova (Minska, Baltkrievija), V. Speranskis (Mas- kava, Krievija), P. –avarijs (Miskolca, Ung‚rija), M.J. –utena (Koviljana, Portug‚le), T. Tisenkopfs (RÓga, Latvija), J. VankeviËa (Vitebska, Baltkrievija), A. Vorobjovs (Daugavpils, Latvija), V. Zahars (Daugavpils, Latvija) Redakcija V. BoroÚenko (redaktore), M. “esterova (redaktores vietniece), A. Moziro, I. Ostrovska, A. Ru˛a, O. Ru˛a, J. SemeÚeca (sekret‚re), V. –ipilova (redaktores vietniece), V. Volkovs, Z. Zeibote Adrese Daugavpils Universit‚tes Soci‚lo zin‚tÚu fakult‚tes Soci‚lo pÁtÓjumu instit˚ts, Par‚des 1, Daugavpils, LV-5400, Latvija. T‚lr. (+371)65422163 E-pasts [email protected] IzdevÁjs Daugavpils Universit‚te ReÏistr‚cijas Nr. 000702889 ReÏistr‚cijas apliecÓba Nr. M 000331 Dibin‚ts 2004. gad‚ © Daugavpils Universit‚te ISSN 1691-1881 Ir iekÔauts datu b‚zÁ: / Included in the database: / Включён в базу данных: GESIS SocioGuide http://sowiport.gesis.org/nc/en/search/search-form. html?sessionid=C74B63BA8098F97F94345C5960841EEB&js=yes Search terms: Socialo Zinatnu Vestnesis ìSocial Sciences Bulletinî publishes original research papers on the problems of social sciences (sociology, political sciences, economics, social psychology, law), as well as review articles, information on conferences and scientific life. The Editorial Board accepts articles in English, Latvian, and Russian. Editorial Board V. MeÚikovs, Chairman of the Editorial Board (Daugavpils, Latvia), A. Aasland (Oslo, Norway), D. BeresneviËiene (–iauliai, Lithuania), G. Gavtadze (Kutaisi, Georgia), A. Ivanovs (Daugavpils, Latvia), E. Jermolajeva (Daugavpils, Latvija), V. Justickis (Vilnius, Lithuania), W. Kosiedowski (ToruÒ, Poland), A. Matulionis (Vilnius, Lithuania), fi. OzoliÚa (Riga, Latvia), S. Partycki (Lublin, Poland), B. Riv˛a (Jelgava, Latvia), P. Sasvari (Miskolc, Hungary), M.J. Schouten (Covilhã, Portugal), G. Sokolova (Minsk, Belarus), V. Speransky (Moscow, Russia), T. Tisenkopfs (Riga, Latvia), Y. Vankevich (Vitebsk, Belarus), A. Vorobjovs (Daugavpils, Latvia), N. Yazdani (Lahore, Pakistan), V. Zahars (Daugavpils, Latvia) Editorial Staff V. BoroÚenko (editor), M. “esterova (associate editor), A. Mozyro, I. Ostrovska, A. Ru˛a, O. Ru˛a, J. SemeÚeca (secretary),V. Sipilova (associate editor), V. Volkovs, Z. Zeibote Address Institute of Social Investigations, Faculty of Social Sciences, Daugavpils University, Par‚des 1, Daugavpils, LV-5400, Latvia. Tel. (+371)65422163 E-mail [email protected] Publisher Daugavpils University Registration No. 000702889 Registration certificate No. M 000331 Established in 2004 © Daugavpils University . SATURS RAKSTI/ARTICLES/СТАТЬИ Ekonomika/Economics/Экономика Kristaps RoË‚ns. CLUSTERS ñ COOPERATION CULTURE APPROACH .... 7 Klasteri ñ sadarbÓbas kult˚ras pieeja Кластеры – подход культуры сотрудничества SocioloÏija/Sociology/Социология Gilberto Marzano, Roberta Vicedomine. PRIVILIGED OBSERVERS TALK ABOUT THEIR LIVING TOWN ......................................................... 32 PriviliÏÁtie iedzÓvot‚ji run‚ par pilsÁtu, kur‚ dzÓvo Привилегированные жители говорят о городе, в котором проживают Ieva K‚rkliÚa. LATVIJAS TR¤CŒGO ÃIME“U SKOL«NU SOCI¬LO ELASTŒGUMU VEICINO–O FAKTORU SOCIOLOÃISKA ANALŒZE .......... 57 Sociological analysis of factors contributing to social resilience of students from economically disadvantaged families in Latvia Социологический анализ факторов, способствующих социальной эластичности школьников из нуждающихся семей в Латвии Vera Boronenko, Vladimir Menshikov, Gilberto Marzano. TOPICALITY OF CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS IN RUSSIA AND LATVIA .......................................................................................................... 84 Kiberpazemojuma aktualit‚te pusaud˛u vid˚ Krievij‚ un Latvij‚ Актуальность киберунижения в среде подростков России и Латвии Michal Skrzypek. LAYMENíS ACTIONS IN ILLNESS AND HEALTH AS CENTRAL ANALYTICAL CATEGORY OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY ............................................................................... 105 Nekompetentu cilvÁku darbÓbas slimÓb‚ un veselÓb‚ k‚ m˚sdienu medicÓnas socioloÏijas centr‚lais analÓtiskais jaut‚jums Действия некомпетентных людей в болезни и здравии как центральный аналитический вопрос современной социологии медицины 6 ZIN¬TNISK¬ DZŒVE/SCIENTIFIC LIFE/НАУЧНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ Izdot‚s monogr‚fijas/Published Monographs/ Изданные монографии Margarita “esterova. IeslodzÓto soci‚lie priekstati par taisnÓgumu un ticÓba taisnÓgai pasaulei ................................................................................... 120 Oksana Ru˛a, Viktors Voronovs. Latvijas reÏionu nekustamo Ópaumu vÁrtÁanas modeÔi ............................................................................................ 122 Aizst‚vÁtie promocijas darbi/Defended doctoral theses/ Защищенные промоционные работы Inese Haite. Policentriska attÓstÓba Latvij‚ un t‚s novÁrtÁana ......................... 127 Eduards Vanags. Latvijas darbaspÁka starptautisk‚s migr‚cijas iemesli un ekonomisk‚s sekas: Latgales reÏiona piemÁrs ............................................. 133 7 RAKSTI EKONOMIKA Kristaps RoË‚ns CLUSTERS ñ COOPERATION CULTURE APPROACH Latvian innovation performance on the EU level is very low, with declining SME collabo- ration. Co-operation culture in Latvian entrepreneurship environment is undeveloped. Net- working and clusters are still very new concept in Latvia, while being increasingly popular and developed in Europe, where SMEís are actively using such networking possibilities, in order to attract new external resources, implement innovation and develop new, competitive products and boost their export capacity. This article analyses the concepts of firm co-operation and co- opetition, benefits that company networking, and organized networks ñ clusters, can provide. Article elaborates on the Latvian situation with cooperation and cluster development and also uses Scandinavian cluster developer experience that can be used as an example for cluster deve- lopment in Latvia. It is concluded that in modern economic environment, for companies to maintain their competitiveness, it is necessary to pursue both ñ strategies of competition and strategies of cooperation, one of such being the networking within the organized cooperation networks ñ clusters. It is concluded, that very important key factor for cooperation culture development within the clusters, is trust building between cluster participants, which can be achieved by using various mechanisms, such as ensuring information exchange, involvement of companies within joint projects and cluster branding. Trust building and successful cluster development is a long term endeavor, which requires sustainable funding and continuous efforts by the cluster facilitators. The continuous work of cluster coordinators and facilitators, their ability to ensure equal information flow within the cluster, and ability to develop it as a stabile and reliable platform, plays a significant role for the development of successful cooperation culture in the clusters, which helps companies to overcome various innovation barriers through cooperation. Based on the Scandinavian experience, it is concluded that it may take approxi- mately from 5 to 10 years, for Latvian clusters to develop successful co-operation culture in the entrepreneurship environment. Key words: clusters, co-operation, co-opetition, trust, entrepreneurship, innovation. Klasteri ñ sadarbÓbas kult˚ras pieeja Latvijas inov‚ciju sniegums ES lÓmenÓ ir Ôoti zems. Samazin‚s MVU iesaiste sadarbÓb‚. SadarbÓbas kult˚ra Latvijas uzÚÁmÁjdarbÓbas vidÁ ir maz attÓstÓta. TÓkloan‚s un klasteri vÁl ir relatÓvi jauni koncepti Latvij‚, kas vienlaikus kÔ˚st arvien popul‚r‚ki un attÓstÓt‚ki citur Eirop‚, kur MVU aktÓvi izmanto ‚das tÓkloan‚s iespÁjas, lai piesaistÓtu jaunus ‚rÁjos resursus, ieviestu inov‚cijas un attÓstÓtu jaunus, konkurÁtspÁjÓgus produktus un eksporta kapacit‚ti. –aj‚ rakst‚ 8 Soci‚lo Zin‚tÚu VÁstnesis 2013 2 tiek apl˚koti ieguvumi, ko sniedz uzÚÁmumu sadarbÓba un tÓkloan‚s organizÁtos sadarbÓbas tÓklos ñ klasteros. Rakst‚ tiek apskatÓta gan Latvijas sadarbÓbas kult˚ras un klasteru attÓstÓbas pieredze, gan Skandin‚vijas klasteru attÓstÓt‚ju pieredze, kas var tikt izmantota arÓ k‚ piemÁrs Latvijas gadÓjum‚. Tiek konstatÁts, ka m˚sdienu ekonomiskaj‚ vidÁ uzÚÁmumiem, lai tie sagla- b‚tu savu konkurÁtspÁju, ir nepiecieams izmantot gan konkurences, gan sadarbÓbas stratÁÏijas, no kur‚m viena ir tÓkloan‚s organizÁtu sadarbÓbas tÓklu ñ klasteru ietvaros. Tiek secin‚ts, ka b˚tisks atslÁgas faktors sadarbÓbas kult˚ras attÓstÓbai