This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Simulation based decision support for airport landside capacity planning Lim, Yi 2008 Lim, Y. (2008). Simulation based decision support for airport landside capacity planning. Master’s thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/15170 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/15170 Downloaded on 25 Sep 2021 02:07:17 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library SIMULATION BASED DECISION SUPPORT FOR AIRPORT LANDSIDE CAPACITY PLANNING SUBMITTED BY LIM YI (G0500445L) SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING A final year thesis Presented to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Engineering Nanyang Technological University 2008 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning ABSTRACT Airport landside capacity planning formulates the amount of resources required for passengers processing in an airport terminal. This is a complex task because passenger volume and demand for resources do not have a definite relationship. Many methods have been proposed for airport landside capacity planning. However, some of these methods are too complicated to apply whereas the ones that are easy to apply often could not accurately model the stochastic and dynamic nature of an airport’s landside. This study developed a framework for a simulation based Decision Support System (DSS) to determine an airport’s landside capacity. Simulation is a simpler technique because it mimics the actions of every passengers and the landside processes that they need to go through without the need to develop any analytical models. Simulation requires input parameters for the model to be accurate. However, many organizations do not have a systematic way to archive data that is necessary for simulation (Sprague and Carlson, 1982). A DSS is made up of the data management sub-system, model management sub-system and user interface sub-system (Turban, 2005). The data management sub-system will overcome this problem (Turban, 2005). This following had been accomplished through this study: • A framework for a Decision Support System (DSS) for airport landside capacity planning had been developed. This framework consist of the i ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning components that made up a DSS for airport landside capacity planning and steps for the development of a DSS for airport landside capacity planning. • A simulation model for the model management sub-system had been developed by using Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 as a case study. • The capabilities of the simulation model had been demonstrated by performing scenario analysis. The key results and contributions achieved through this study are systematic steps for DSS developers to follow when developing a DSS for the domain of airport landside capacity planning and a simulation model of Singapore Changi Airport Termnal 2 which DSS developers can use as a template for modeling another airport. ii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to several people without whom this study would not have been possible. I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. Roger Jiao, Dr. Arun Kumar and Dr Chen Songlin for their guidance and encouragement. A big thank you to various people from the airport community. They are Mr Desmond Chong (Head of Operations, Terminal 2, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore) who explained to me the passenger processes, Ms Chua (Manager, DFS Galleria) who had given me insights on passengers shopping patterns as well as Ms Zhuang Hanqi (Engineer, Airport Planning) who provided me with the input parameters for simulation as well as her many batches of interns who spent hours on the ground with a stop watch and counter to collect these data. I also wish to thank Mr Tua Phuat Siong (Senior Manager, Changi Airport International) who share with me his experiences in working with airport operators from overseas; and Mr Koh Ming Sue (Deputy Director, Engineering & Real Estate Division) who gave his consent for me to use Changi Airport Terminal 2 as a case study. iii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii CONTENTS iv APPENDIX ix LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLE xi 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Airport Planning 1 1.1.1 Categories of Airport Planning 1 1.1.2 Airport Landside Master Planning Process 3 1.1.3 Performance Measure of an Airport’s Landside 3 1.2 Trends in the Air Transport Industry 4 1.2.1 Private Sector Participation at Airports 4 1.2.2 Airline Industry Deregulation 6 1.2.3 Formation of Airline Alliance 7 1.2.4 Unstable Geo-political Situation 8 1.2.5 Prevalence of Information and Communication Technology 9 1.3 Challenges Faced by the Airport 10 1.3.1 Managing Volatility in Passenger Traffic 11 1.3.2 Bottom Line Driven 12 1.3.3 Meeting the Needs of Different Airlines 13 1.3.4 Meeting Changing Security Requirements 15 iv ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning 1.4 Problem Statement & Research Issues 16 1.5 Objective & Scope of Study 16 1.6 Organisation of this Report 17 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 20 2.1 Empirical Methods 20 2.1.1 Rule-of-Thumb 21 2.1.2 Level of Service Criteria 22 2.1.3 Demand Aggregation 25 2.2 Operations Research Methods 27 2.2.1 Queuing Theory 28 2.2.2 Mathematical Programming 31 2.2.3 Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) 35 2.2.4 Simulation Modeling 38 2.3 Decision Support System 42 2.3.1 Decision Support System versus Management Information 42 System 2.3.2 Decision Support System for Airport Planning 44 2.4 Research Gap 46 3 CHAPTER 3: DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK 49 FOR AIRPORT LANDSIDE CAPACITY PLANNING 3.1 Rationale for Using Simulation Based Decision Support System 49 3.2 Application Case- Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 50 3.3 Components of a Decision Support System for Airport Landside 51 Capacity Planning v ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning 3.3.1 Data Management Sub-system 51 3.3.2 Model Management Sub-system 52 3.3.3 User Interface Sub-system 53 3.4 Steps for Developing a DSS for Airport Landside Capacity Planning 54 3.4.1 Understand Airport Operations 57 3.4.2 Set Airport Design Objective and Performance Indicators 60 3.4.3 Preliminaries 61 3.4.4 System Analysis 62 3.4.5 System Design 64 3.4.6 Prototype Implementation 67 3.4.7 Operation 68 3.4.8 Modification 69 4 CHAPTER 4: SIMULATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT 70 4.1 Modeling Originating Passengers 70 4.1.1 Import Departure Flight Schedule and Passengers Attribute 71 4.1.2 Modeling Passenger Split for Different Ground Access Modes 72 4.1.3 Modeling Activities at the Curb 73 4.1.4 Modeling Group Check-in Operations 75 4.1.5 Modeling Passenger’s Choice of Check-in Row 76 4.1.6 Modeling Check-in Operations 78 4.1.7 Modeling Immigration Operations 79 4.1.8 Modeling Originating Passengers Activities in the Departure/ 80 Transit Hall 4.1.9 Modeling Passenger’s Walking Speed 87 vi ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning 4.1.10 Modeling Operations in the Gate Lounge 88 4.2 Modeling Transfer and Terminating Passengers 99 4.2.1 Import Arrival Flight Schedule and Passengers Attribute 99 4.2.2 Modeling Terminating and Transfer Passengers Deplaning 102 4.2.3 Modeling Transfer Passengers Activities in the Departure/Transit 104 Hall 4.3 Modeling Well-Wishers 105 4.3.1 Import Well-Wisher’s Attribute 105 4.3.2 Modeling Well-Wisher’s Split for Different Ground Access 106 Modes 4.3.3 Modeling Well-Wishers’ Activities in the Check-in Hall 107 4.3.4 Modeling Well-Wisher Leaving the Airport 109 4.4 Model Verification and Validation 110 5 CHAPTER 5: SIMULATION EXPERIMENT & RESULTS 111 5.1 Scenario Analysis: Scenario 1- Peak Hour Analysis 111 5.1.1 Design of Experiment 111 5.1.2 Input Data 112 5.1.3 Simulation Run and Results 117 5.2 Scenario Analysis: Scenario 2- Operation of Airbus A380 on High 119 Density Routes 5.2.1 Design of Experiment 119 5.2.2 Input Data 120 5.2.3 Simulation Run and Results 120 5.3 Sensitivity Analysis: Passenger Arrival Profile 123 vii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Simulation Based Decision Support for Airport Landside Capacity Planning 5.3.1 Design of Experiment 124 5.3.2 Input Data 124 5.3.3 Simulation Run and Results 125 6 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 128 6.1 Conclusion 128 6.2 Future Work 129 REFERENCES 132 viii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document.