493.2 W76h (2) Keep Your Card in This Pocket Books will be issued only on presentation of proper library cards. Unless labeled otherwise, books may be retained for two weeks. Borrowers finding books marked, de- faced or to mutilated are expected report same at library desk; otherwise the last borrower will be held responsible for all imperfections discovered. The card holder is responsible for all books drawn on this card. Penalty for over-due books 2c a day plus cost of notices, Lost cards and change of residence must be re- ported promptly* Public Library Kansas City, Mo. liliiJ I!'!! yii I, I iln ll:, : | 3 1148 00982 0523 DATE DUE HANDBOOK ofthe MALAY LANGUAGE CONTAINING Phrases * Grammar and Dictionary WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO Military and Vocational Requirements EDUARD F. WINCKEL Lecturer, at the University of Southern California Distributed By DAVID McKAT COMPANY WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA 1944 P. D. AND IONE PERKINS SOUTH PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Copyright 1944 by P. D. AND IONE PERKINS South Pasadena, California Printout U.S. A. COMMONWEALTH PRESS DEDICATED TO Indonesia, my native land. May this book help in the early liberation from the usurpers. Salam dan Bahagia! EDUARD F. WINCKEL. FOREWORD The purpose of this handbook is to supply a guide for the acquisi- tion of a practical knowledge of Malay. The Malay language, as spoken in every-day life by some eighty million people in the Netherlands East Indies, the Malayan Peninsula, and adjacent territories, is essentially simple. It is possible, therefore, to acquire in a few weeks a basic working knowledge of this language which will enable those who intend to go there to get along very adequately, not only with the Indonesians, but with most of the other settled inhabitants of the extensive areas in the Far East. The more advanced student will soon perceive that there exist minor differences in the vernaculars of the various sections of Malay- sia, and he will adapt himself easily to the special words, expressions, and slight variations of pronunciation in the localities which he may visit. Malaysia is a term used to designate the Malay Peninsula and all the islands of the Indian Ocean, including Indonesia. These variations are due to the fact that the indigenous population consists of many diversified tribes, each preserving its own dialect for home use but also interjecting a few words of its private lingo into the Malay, which is the lingua franca that serves them all in common. Thus, in a few cases, different words are found in various localities to express the same idea. An intelligent Indonesian, however, will never fail to understand a word from some other region, even though he would not ever use that word himself or the pronunciation might vary from his own. In order to save the newcomer any perplexity on this point, such special words have been indicated in the DICTIONARY of this book by noting in parentheses the locality where the words are likely to be heard. Abbreviations used for this and other purposes have been listed on page 185. It should be understood, of course, that this handbook deals pri- marily with the conversational language which is in common use throughout the thousands of islands of the Netherlands East Indies, the Malayan Peninsula, parts of Siam, Burma, Indo-China, and the Philippine Islands. Without a knowledge of this language, it is prac- tically impossible to conduct any kind of business or vocation in Indonesia. The influence of foreign traders and successive invaders has strongly colored this Bngtta franca. Words and phrases of Sanscrit, Arabic, Persian, Chinese and later of Portuguese, English, and Dutch origin have, through the ages, been introduced. These terms* altered vii by the natives to suit the peculiar twist of the Malay tongue, have become an intrinsic part of the colloquial Malay which is taught in this book. High Malay, the purer but far more difficult language of literature, is a mixture of the original Malay of Sumatra, Sanscrit and Arabic, and has been kept fairly free from further foreign infiltrations. That rich and flowery language, however, is used only in highly cultured forms of expression which fall outside the scope of the practical work here presented. Attention must be called to a peculiarity of Malay speech. Certain words are used by the natives only when addressing their superiors, such as their chiefs, or white people never vice versa. In this hand- book, these words which will be heard, but seldom used by the Westerner are designated "polite." There are also some words which the natives use only when speak- ing to a subordinate or close relative. The Occidental might use them occasionally to a coolie, for instance. These are termed "familiar." After learning some of the more common Malay words and phrases which are carefully listed in this book according to their use, the student is advised to turn to the chapter on GRAMMAR and famili- arize himself with the simple rules for word-formation, which he will readily recognize. By enriching his vocabulary from the DICTIONARY and PRAC- TICES IN CONVERSATION, which are typical of the every-day intercourse he will have with the natives, he will soon be able to express himself freely in the melodious tongue of the Malays. In the DICTIONARY, Malay words, especially verbs, are listed in the order of preference in the common conversation of the Nether- lands East Indies, and not according to grammatical exactness. The first word has been selected because it is the ordinary choice of the Indonesian, who most frequently uses root words, omitting the pre- fixes and suffixes which many verbs and nouns require. The Malay words which follow may be used for both speaking and writing, and in cases are many f from a grammatical standpoint, more correct. The material offered in this handbook is the result of many years of direct contact with the several dialects of the native population, and is designed to meet both the verbal and written requirements of ordi- nary business, as well as all other practical purposes. EDUARD F. WINCKEL. Hollywood, California, Tartrtsirv VH1 CONTENTS FOREWORD vii, viii INTRODUCTION 1 Abbreviations 1 Written Language . ......... 1 Spelling 1 PRONUNCIATION 5-9 Syllabification 6 Accentuation . 6 Pronunciation Drills 7-9 NUMERALS 9-12 Cardinals . 9-11 Ordinals 11 Fractional 11 Idiomatic Numerical Expressions 11-1)3 PHRASES AND WORD LISTS 12-17 Divisions of Time - . 12 Hours of the Day .13-14 Days of the Week 14 Months of the Year. .... .14-15 The Year 15 Expressions Relating to Time 16-17 Money * *... 17 Weights and Measures. , , . .17-18 Words in Constant Use. , , . , 18-80 Useful Words for the Army Useful Words for the Navy Useful Words for the Air Forces .25-87 PRACTICES IX CONVERSATION 29-67 In a Hotel 31-34 Troops Lost in the Jungle 34-36 Hunting 37-39 Specific Jungle Conversation 39-42 Foraging in a Native Village 43-46 Hiring Native Labor. 46-48 Arrest Native Traitors 48-54 Rehabilitation of Oil Fields 55-67 GRAMMAR 69-81 Prefixes 71-73 Suffixes 73-74 Doubling 74 Compounding and Co-ordination 75 Verbs 75-76 Nouns 76 Adjectives 76 Pronouns 76-80 Adverbs 80 Prepositions 80 Conjunctions 81 Interjections 81 Idiomatic Words 81 DICTIONARY 83-183 HANDBOOK of the MALAY LANGUAGE NTRODUCTION THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE The ancient Malay literature was written in Arabic script, and even now the Arabic characters are used by educated natives in some parts of Malaysia in their correspondence with each other. Generally, how- ever, the Latin letters are used in modern Malay writing and in print, as they are in English. SPELLING In deciding upon a choice of the Dutch or the English way of spelling, the author has taken into consideration the fact that the vast majority of Malay-speaking people have been Dutch subjects for cen- turies, and, therefore, use the Dutch spelling exclusively. They would be confused to see the English spelling in print or in writing. Only about 10% of the Malays live in British territory and use English spelling. Moreover, the sounds and spelling of the Netherlands language is more adaptable to the Malay tongue. The Dutch way of spelling has, accordingly, been followed in this handbook, since it will offer the student a much wider field for prac- tical application. The main difference between the Dutch and English spelling is found in oe, a Malay vowel which is always pronounced as in the English word "shoe." In the English spelling, this sound oe is ex- pressed by the letter "u", which is pronounced in some cases as the "oe" in "shoe," but not always. The other deviations are English Dutch "j" dj "ch" tj *y j These are not important, as the pronunciation in both cases is the same. ABBREVIATIONS Bat. Batavia and vicinity Soer. Soerabaia and vicinity Sum. Sumatra Sing, Singapore and Malayan Peninsula N. E. I. Netherlands East Indies am. familiar pol. polite Eng. English Mai. Malay L/T. literal translation * word must be repeated PRONUNCIATION, NUMERALS PHRASES and WORD LISTS PRONUNCIATION As a general rule, in Malay vowels are pronounced as in Italian, and the consonants as in English. Standardized combinations of letters, such as oe, dj, ng, nj, and tj, are pronounced as one letter. Vowels The vowels have approximately the following sounds: a _ as in "ah", "part", "Carl" (NEVER as in "hang") e mute, as in "her" (in this handbook ALWAYS marked e) e _ (not marked) as in "let", "get" i as the "ee" in "deep", "steep" o as in "nor", "hot" oe _ as in "shoe" (NEVER as in "hoe") Diphthongs ai the "a" and "i" are pronounced separately,