Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information the cambridge history of TURKEY * Volume I of The Cambridge History of Turkey examines the rise of Turkish power in Anatolia from the arrival of the first Turks at the end of the eleventh century to the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453. Taking the period as a whole, rather than dividing it along the more usual pre-Ottoman/Ottoman fault line, the volume covers the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural history of the region as the Byzantine Empire crumbled and Anatolia passed into Turkish control to become the heartland of the Ottoman Empire. In this way,the contributors to the volume engagewithandemphasisethecontinuitiesoftheeraratherthanits dislocations, situating Anatolia within its geographic context at the crossroads of Central Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. The world which emerges is one of military encounter, but also of cultural co-habitation, intellectual and diplomatic exchange, and political finesse. This is a state-of-the-art work of reference on an understudied period in Turkish history by some of the leading scholars in the field. kate fleet is Director of the Skilliter Centre for Ottoman Stud- ies, Newnham College, Cambridge, and Newton Trust Lecturer in Ottoman History at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Cambridge University. Her previous publications include European and Islamic Trade in the Early Ottoman State (1999) and, as joint-editor, The Ottomans and Trade (2006). © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information the cambridge history of TURKEY Founding editor I. Metin Kunt, Professor of History, Sabancı University The Cambridge History of Turkey represents a monumental enterprise. The History, comprising four volumes, covers the period from the end of the eleventh century,with the arrival of the Turks in Anatolia, through the emergence of the early Ottoman state, and its development into a powerful empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, encompassing a massive territory from the borders of Iran in the east, to Hungary in the west, and North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula in the south. The last volume covers its destruction in the aftermath of the First World War, and the history of the modern state of Turkey which arose from the ashes of empire. Chapters from an international team of contrib- utors reflect the very significant advances that have taken place in Ottoman history and Turkish studies in recent years. volume i Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453 Edited by Kate Fleet volume 2 The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603 Edited by Suraiya N. Faroqhi and Kate Fleet volume 3 The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603–1839 Edited by Suraiya N. Faroqhi volume 4 Turkey in the Modern World Edited by Res¸at Kasaba © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF TURKEY * VOLUME I Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453 * Edited by KATE FLEET © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information University Printing House, Cambridgeicb2 8bsi , United K ingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’ s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521620932 C Cambridge University Press 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2009 Reprinted 2014 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453 / edited by Kate Fleet. p. cm. – (The Cambridge history of Turkey ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-62093-2 (hardback) 1. Turkey – History – To 1453. I. Fleet, Kate. dr481.b98 2008 956.1014 –dc22 2008035737 isbn 978-0-521-62093-2 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information Contents ·List of illustrations ix ·List of maps x ·List of contributors xi ·A note on transliteration xiii ·Chronology xiv · 1 · Introduction 1 kate fleet · 2 · The Byzantine Empire from the eleventh to the fifteenth century 6 julian chrysostomides · 3 · Anatolia under the Mongols 51 charles melville · 4 · Anatolia, 1300–1451 102 rudi paul lindner · 5 · The incorporation of the Balkans into the Ottoman Empire, 1353–1453 138 machiel kiel · 6 · Ottoman warfare, 1300–1453 192 pal´ fodor · 7 · The Turkish economy, 1071–1453 227 kate fleet vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information Contents · 8 · Art and architecture, 1300–1453 266 howard crane · 9 · Social, cultural and intellectual life, 1071–1453 353 ahmet yas¸ar ocak ·Glossary 423 ·Bibliography 429 ·Index 482 viii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information Illustrations 8.1 Plan of Bursa in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries page 275 8.2 ˙Ilyas Bey Camii, Balat (Miletus), plan and view of north fac¸ade 280 8.3 Yes¸il Cami, ˙Iznik, plan and view from north-west 282 8.4 Ulu Cami, Ermenak, plan and view of prayer hall interior along kıble wall 284 8.5 ˙Isa Bey Camii, Ayasoluk, plan and view from south 285 8.6 Sungur Bey Camii, Nigde,˘ plan and view of north portal 287 8.7 Ulu Cami, Bursa, plan and interior of prayer hall 289 8.8 ˙Ilyas Bey Camii, Manisa, plan and view of prayer hall interior 291 8.9 Uc¨ ¸S¸erefeli Cami, Edirne, plan and view of covering showing arrangement of prayer hall domes 293 8.10 Yes¸il complex, Bursa, site plan and view of south-west exterior of mosque 296 8.11 Hatuniye Medrese, Karaman, plan, view of portal and view of courtyard 299 8.12 Vacidiye Medresesi, Kutahya,¨ plan and view of courtyard and eyvan 301 8.13 Haliliye Medresesi, Gum¨ us¨¸, Merzifon, plan 303 8.14 Muradiye Medresesi, Bursa, plan 304 8.15 Hudavend¨ Hatun Turbesi,¨ Nigde,˘ general view 307 8.16 As¸ik Pas¸a Turbesi,¨ Kırs¸ehir, general view 309 8.17 Tas¸kın Pas¸a Sarayı, Damsa Koy¨ u,¨ Urg¨ up,¨ plan and general view 312 8.18 Issız Han, Ulubad, plan and general view of entry fac¸ade 315 8.19 Iskendername˙ , dated 819/1416 323 8.20 Muradiye, Edirne, detail of kalem is¸i 325 8.21 Konya carpet (t˙ıem 688), c.1300 330 8.22 Niccolo di Buonacorso, Marriage of the Virgin (c.1370), with Anatolian animal carpet 332 8.23 Animal carpet with struggling dragon and phoenix, c.1400 334 8.24 Proto-Holbein carpet from Beys¸ehir 337 8.25 Mihrab, Ulu Cami of Birgi 339 8.26 Yes¸il Turbe,¨ Bursa, general view of exterior 341 8.27 Mihrab and cenotaph, Yes¸il Turbe,¨ Bursa 342 8.28 Muradiye, Edirne, detail of dado 344 8.29 Minber bone inlay, Tas¸kın Pas¸a Camii, Damsa Koy¨ u,¨ Urg¨ up¨ 349 8.30 Kundekari¨ wooden door, Yes¸il Turbe,¨ Bursa 350 ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information Maps 1 The Byzantine Empire, 1071 page xvii 2 Beylik Anatolia xviii 3 The Ottoman Empire, 1453 xix x © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62093-2 - The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 Edited by Kate Fleet Frontmatter More information Contributors JULIAN CHRYSOSTOMIDES is the Director of the Hellenic Institute, Royal Hol- loway and Bedford New College, University of London and is Emerita Reader in Byzantine History at the University of London.