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Citations in this issue generally conform to The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed. 2015), unless otherwise noted. Cite this volume as: 39 J.L. & COM. __ (Spring 2021). Views expressed in articles are to be attributed to their authors and not to the Journal, its editors, or the University of Pittsburgh. Vol. 39, No. 2 (2021) ● ISSN: 2164-7984 (online) ● ISSN 0733-2491 (print) DOI 10.5195/jlc.2021.215 ● http://jlc.law.pitt.edu UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ADMINISTRATION AND FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW BENJAMIN GINSBERG, Director of Development HAIDER ALA HAMOUDI, Vice Dean and Professor of Law VINCENT O. JOHNSON, Interim Director of Equity and Inclusive Excellence ALEXANDRA LINSENMEYER, Assistant Dean of Students MEGAN LOVETT, Assistant Director, Public Interest and Pro Bono Initiatives ROCHELLE R. McCAIN, Interim Executive Director, Professional Development Office CHARMAINE McCALL, Assistant Dean for Admissions and Financial Aid TOMAR NICOLE PIERSON-BROWN, Associate Dean for Equity and Inclusive Excellence and Associate Clinical Professor of Law LORI E. McMASTER, Interim Executive Director of External Relations AMY J. WILDERMUTH, Dean and Professor of Law FACULTY AND LIBRARIANS KEVIN C. ABBOTT, Professor of Practice JABEEN ADAWI, Assistant Clinical Professor of Law JESSIE ALLEN, Associate Professor of Law KEVIN D. ASHLEY, Professor of Law ELENA A. BAYLIS, Professor of Law DEBORAH L. BRAKE, Professor of Law, Associate Dean of Research and Faculty Development, and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar RONALD A. BRAND, Chancellor Mark A. Nordenberg University Professor, Director of the Center for International Legal Education, and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar DOUGLAS M. BRANSON, Professor Emeritus of Law BENJAMIN E. BRATMAN, Professor of Legal Writing TERESA K. BROSTOFF, Professor of Legal Writing Emerita JOHN M. BURKOFF, Professor Emeritus of Law NANCY M. BURKOFF, Professor Emerita of Law WILLIAM M. CARTER, JR., Professor of Law and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar PAT K. CHEW, Judge J. Quint Salmon and Anne Salmon Chair CHARLES C. COHEN, Professor of Practice MARY CROSSLEY, Professor of Law and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar VIVIAN CURRAN, University Distinguished Professor STEPHANIE A. J. DANGEL, Professor of Practice KEVIN DEASY, Associate Professor of Legal Writing Emeritus RICHARD DELGADO, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Law GERALD S. DICKINSON, Associate Professor of Law GREER DONLEY, Assistant Professor of Law THE HON. D. MICHAEL FISHER, Distinguished Jurist in Residence THE HON. JUDITH K. FITZGERALD, Professor of Practice HARRY MARSHALL FLECHTNER, Professor Emeritus of Law PAIGE FORSTER, Professor of Practice CYRIL A. FOX, JR., Professor Emeritus of Law LAWRENCE A. FROLIK, Professor Emeritus of Law JOSHUA GALPERIN, Visiting Assistant Professor of Law JOHN P. GISMONDI, Professor of Practice BRET GROTE, Professor of Practice PHILIP T. HACKNEY, Associate Professor of Law ROBERT BERKLEY HARPER, Professor Emeritus of Law DAVID A. HARRIS, Sally Ann Semenko Endowed Chair and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar ARTHUR D. HELLMAN, Professor Emeritus of Law Vol. 39, No. 2 (2021) ● ISSN: 2164-7984 (online) ● ISSN 0733-2491 (print) DOI 10.5195/jlc.2021.215 ● http://jlc.law.pitt.edu DAVID J. HERRING, Professor of Practice BERNARD J. HIBBITTS, Professor of Law DAVID J. HICKTON, Director, Institute for Cyber Law, Policy, and Security & Professor of Law ANTHONY C. INFANTI, Christopher C. Walthour, Sr. Endowed Professor of Law JALILIA JEFFERSON-BULLOCK, Visiting Associate Professor of Law LAWRENCE M. LEBOWITZ, Professor of Practice SUSANNA M. LEERS, Electronic Research and Technology Services Librarian JACQUELINE D. LIPTON, Assistant Professor of Legal Writing JULES LOBEL, Bessie McKee Walthour Endowed Chair WILLIAM V. LUNEBURG, JR., Professor Emeritus of Law GRANT MACINTYRE, Associate Clinical Professor of Law MICHAEL J. MADISON, Professor of Law; Faculty Director of the Future Law Project; and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar MARGARET M. MAHONEY, Professor Emerita of Law MARTHA M. MANNIX, Gloria McDermott Hickton Professor of Elder Law THE HON. LAURIE MARIN, Visiting Professor of Practice ALAN MEISEL, Professor Emeritus of Law MARILY NIXON, Professor of Practice MARK A. NORDENBERG, Chair of the Institute of Politics, Chancellor Emeritus of the University and Distinguished Service Professor of Law PETER B. OH, Professor of Law and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar PATRICIA A. RONCEVICH, Acquisitions/Serials Librarian THOMAS ROSS, Professor Emeritus of Law RICHARD HARRY SEEBURGER, Professor Emeritus of Law KAREN SHEPHARD, Information Services Librarian MARC B. SILVERMAN, Director of the Barco Law Library and Adjunct Professor of Law ANN SINSHEIMER, Professor of Legal Writing STELLA L. SMETANKA, Clinical Professor Emerita of Law ANDRELE ST. VAL, Assistant Professor of Legal Writing JEAN STEFANCIC, Research Professor Emerita of Law ALICE L. STEWART, Clinical Assistant Professor of Law LINDA TASHBOOK, Foreign, International and Comparative Law Librarian & Adjunct Professor of Law GEORGE H. TAYLOR, Professor Emeritus of Law JUDITH A. TEETER, Visiting Assistant Professor DAVID THAW, Assistant Professor of Law CHRISTOPHER R. TODD, Cataloguing/Systems Librarian SHEILA I. VÉLEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Director of Clinic Programs and Jack and Lovell Olender Professor of Asylum, Refugee & Immigration Law LU-IN WANG, Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs and Professor of Law RHONDA WASSERMAN, Professor of Law and John E. Murray Faculty Scholar RICHARD H. WEISBERG, Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law ADJUNCT FACULTY SARA BURHAN ABDULLAH THE HON. EDWARD J. BORKOWSKI JOHN ADAMCZYK EDUARDO H. BOZZO RODNEY R. AKERS SAMUEL W. BRAVER LYNN J. ALSTADT CHRISTOPHER S. CHANNEL KHASHA ATTARAN JULIE R. COLTON JACLYN M. BELCZYK PAMELA W. CONNELLY THOMAS M. BELINE JAMES V. CORBELLI THE HON. CATHY BISSOON DANIEL JAMES CORBETT C. ALLEN BLACK, JR. PAUL D. BOAS Vol. 39, No. 2 (2021) ● ISSN: 2164-7984 (online) ● ISSN 0733-2491 (print) DOI 10.5195/jlc.2021.215 ● http://jlc.law.pitt.edu MARY NELL CUMMINGS, Director of the JASON E. MATZUS Graduate Certificate Program in Health KATHLEEN S. McALLISTER Care Compliance REGIS M. McCLELLAND BRIAN CZARNECKI JOHN W. MCILVAINE, III ELLIOT DATER KEMAL A. MERICLI MARSHALL L. DAYAN REID P. MEYER ELIZABETH DELOSA MORGAN NATI CHRISTOPHER DELUZIO G. CLAYTON NESTLER CHARLES A. DE MONACO TIMOTHY P. O’BRIEN MONICA DEORAS DAVID R. OVERSTREET CECILE C. M. DESANDRE LISA PARKER STEVEN A. DIAZ STEPHEN P. PASCHALL LOUIS A. DINARDO JEFFERY D. PETERS MATTHEW R. DIVELBISS ORLANDO G. PORTELA-VALENTIN T. MATTHEW DUGAN WILLIAM C. 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Professor of Psychology DANIEL KOVALIK JOSHUA C. VAUGHN JOSHUA LAMANCUSA THE HON. CHRISTINE WARD THE HON. BETH A. LAZZARA WILLIAM F. WARD RICHARD C. LEVINE PETER M. WATT-MORSE THE HON. JOHN KENT LEWIS HEATHER WEINER PENINA K. LIEBER ROBERT B. WIBLE, Director of Academic BLAINE A. LUCAS Success and Bar Exam Services BEVERLY WEISS MANNE PATRICIA HARRINGTON