TE KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 GOVERNMENT OF TUVALU T E KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 a TE KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 T E KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 March 2016 GOVERNMENT OF TUVALU Private Mail Bag, Funafuti, Tuvalu Tel: (688) 20 231 email: [email protected] This work is not copyrighted. It can be reproduced in all, or in part, stored in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of the Tuvalu Government. But if any part is used this work must be cited. Production by Pasifika Communications Ltd • Printed by Quality Print, Suva, Fiji Photographs used by permission • Amalinda Satupa • Riiti Conway Mati Afelee • Semese Alefaio • James Conway • Letasi Iulai • Semi Malaki • Niuatui Niuatui Map: Asian Development Bank TE KAKEEGA III TE KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 Table of Contents 4.5 Medical staffing 21 Theme of the 2015 National Summit 4.6 Professional pay and specialist retention 22 Contents i 4.7 Legislative and regulatory environment 22 on Sustainable Development List of Boxes iii 4.8 Climate change-related health issues 23 Foreword iv SOCIAL 23 Map of Tuvalu v 4.9 Social adaptation 23 Acronyms vi 4.10 Population 23 INTRODUCTION 1 4.11 Emigration 23 Vision 2 4.12 Poverty 23 Mission 3 4.13 Unemployment 24 Guiding principles 3 4.14 Community affairs 24 TKIII formulation 4 4.15 Culture 25 1. CLIMATE CHANGE 5 4.16 Gender 25 1.1 Threats, consequences and resilience 5 4.17 Climate change and society 26 1.2 Response costs 6 5. FALEKAUPULE AND ISLAND DEVELOPMENT 27 1.3 Climate-related initiatives 7 5.1 Falekaupule government: performance 27 1.4 Disaster-related initiatives 8 5.2 Development issues and options 28 ProteCT AND save Tuvalu 1.5 International climate change and disaster 5.3 Sea transport and shipping services 28 risk reduction agreements 9 5.4 Outer island depopulation 28 2. GOOD GOVERNANCE 10 5.5 Falakaupule staff development 28 Improve the quality of life and prosperity for all 2.1 Public reporting 10 5.6 Outer island communication 28 2.2 Public sector expenditure 10 5.7 Solid waste management 29 2.3 Public sector efficiency 10 5.8 Climate change and island development 29 2.4 Public sector reform 11 6. PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, 2.5 Ombudsman 11 EMPLOYMENT AND TRADET 30 2.6 Parliament: institutional strengthening 11 2.7 Parliament’s outreach programme 12 6.1 Private sector overview 30 2.8 Laws of Tuvalu 12 6.2 The housing market 30 2.9 Judiciary 12 6.3 Private sector growth 31 2.10 Role of the media 13 6.4 Private vs. public enterprise 32 2.11 Office of the Auditor General 13 6.5 Private sector development framework 33 2.12 Community consultations 14 6.6 Tourism and eco-tourism 33 2.13 International relations and foreign policy 14 6.7 Overseas employment 33 2.14 Law enforcement 15 6.8 Employment in the fisheries industry 34 2.15 Climate change and governance 15 6.9 Domestic trade 35 6.10 International trade 35 3. THE ECONOMY: GROWTH AND STABILITY 16 6.11 Trade policy framework 35 3.1 Dependence and the monetary economy 16 6.12 Aid for Trade 36 3.2 Macroeconomic management 17 6.13 Climate change, business and trade 36 3.3 Trade 18 3.4 Public enterprise management 19 7. EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 37 3.5 Climate change and the economy 19 7.1 Education and training 37 4. HEALTH AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 20 7.2 Education administration, management, 4.1 Non-communicable diseases 21 enrollments 38 4.2 Health services 21 7.3 Non-government schools 4.3 Medical infrastructure 21 7.4 Technical and tertiary education 38 4.4 Facility/equipment maintenance 21 i TE KAKEEGA III TE KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 7.5 Investment and education and human 38 10. ENVIRONMENT 55 ANNEX 5 79 Box 3.3 Consolidated Investment Fund 18 resources 10.1 Background and awareness 56 Strategic Area 5: Falekaupule and Island Box 3.4 Potential of service exports 18 7.6 Annual budgets 39 10.2 Threats to the environment 57 Development Matrix Box 4.1 Samoa Pathway: Health and social 7.7 Policy Reform Matrix 39 development 20 10.3 Integrating sustainability into environmental ANNEX 6 80 7.8 Youth and sports 40 Box 4.2 Health human resource plans 22 policy 57 Strategic Area 6: Private Sector, Employment and 7.9 Climate change and education 40 Box 4.3 Economic empowerment 25 10.4 CO2 emissions 57 Trade Matrix Box 5.1 The Falekaupule Act 27 8. NATURAL RESOURCES 41 10.5 Environment conventions and treaties 57 10.6 National Committee for the Compliance ANNEX 7 81 Box 5.2 Solid waste management 29 FISHERIES 41 Action Plan 58 Strategic Area 7: Education and Human Resources Box 6.1 A note on government housing 31 8.1 Fisheries revenue 41 10.7 Ocean fish stocks 59 Matrix Box 6.2 A note on business incubators 32 Box 6.3 A note on domestic employment 34 8.2 Fisheries: institutional strengthening, 10.8 Forest cover 59 ANNEX 8 89 Box 6.4 Trading status: imports vs. exports 35 management, development 42 10.9 Sea level rise 59 Strategic Area 8: Natural Resources Matrix Box 7.1 Samoa Pathway: Education 36 8.3 Crewing on foreign fishing vessels 43 11. MIGRATION AND URBANISATION 60 8.4 Fishery observers 43 ANNEX 9 91 Box 7.2 Test scores 37 8.5 WCPFC compliance, vessel detection and 11.1 The nature of internal (and external) migration 60 Strategic Area 9: Infrastructure and Support Box 7.3 Human resource planning 39 prosecution 43 11.2 Urban population growth 61 Services Matrix Box 8.1 Commercial and outer island fisheries 42 11.3 International migration 61 8.6 EU fishery compliance 43 ANNEX 10 93 Box 8.2 Other EU compliance issues 44 11.4 Outward migration policy 62 8.7 Fish product sanitary standards 44 Strategic Area 10: Environment Matrix Box 8.3 Agricultural constraints and challenges 45 8.8 Protection of coastal fisheries 44 11.5 Remittances 63 Box 8.4 Surveying and mapping 46 11.6 Climate change and migration 63 ANNEX 11 94 Box 9.1 Samoa Pathway: Sustainable energy 49 AGRICULTURE 45 Strategic Area 11: Migration and Urbanisation Box 9.2 Samoa Pathway: Water and sanitation 49 12. OCEAN AND SEAS 64 8.9 Agriculture development 45 Matrix Box 9.3 Climate and water supply challenges 50 8.10 Staffing and funding 45 12.1 Exclusive Economic Zone 64 Box 9.4 National Water and Sanitation Policy 50 8.11 Agricultral Trade 45 12.2 Tuna stocks, fisheries institutions and ANNEX 12 95 Strategic Area 12: Ocean and Seas Box 9.5 Improving internet and mobile services 51 8.12 Organic Farming & Marketing Authority 45 agreements 64 Box 9.6 International air service and “open skies” 53 12.3 Artisanal fisheries 65 LAND AND SEA 45 ANNEX 13 96 Box 9.7 Passenger travel 53 12.4 Other measures and initiatives 65 8.13 Maritime boundaries and land use 45 National Summit on Sustainable Development: Box 10.1 Samoa Pathway: Biodiversity 55 12.5 Climate change and ocean impacts 66 8.14 Land and Survey staffing 46 Malefatuga Declaration II Box 10.2 Response to environmental protection 56 8.15 Land reclamation and redevelopment 46 13. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND ANNEX 14 99 Box 10.3 Environment treaties, conventions, 8.16 Deep seabed minerals 47 EVALUATION 67 UN Sustainable Development Goals agreements, etc. 58 8.17 Extended continental shelf 47 13.1 Accountability 67 Box 11.1 Tuvalu Population Policy Goal 2 61 8.18 Climate change and natural resourcesS 47 13.2 Implementation 67 List of Boxes Box 11.2 Tuvalu Population Policy Goal 3 61 Box 11.3 Seasonal employment recruits and 9. INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPORT SERVICES 48 13.3 Monitoring and evaluation systems 68 Box 1 1UN Sustainable Development Goals 1 planned migration 62 Box 2 The SIDS “Samoa” Pathway 2 9.1 Overview 48 ANNEX 1 71 Box 12.1 The sewage disposal problem 65 Box 3 MDG Progress Report 2010/2011 4 9.2 Sustainable energy 48 Strategic Area 1: Climate Change Matrix Box 12.2 Samoa Pathway: Oceans and seas 66 9.3 Water and sanitation 49 Box 1.1 Samoa Pathway: Climate change 5 Box 13.1 A note on budgeting methods 68 9.4 Telecom and internet services 51 ANNEX 2 73 Box 1.2 Tuvalu Survival Fund 6 9.5 Public works 52 Strategic Area 2: Good Governance Matrix Box 1.3 Notes on Tuvalu’s INDC targets 8 Box 1.4 Other risk-related climate initiatives 8 9.6 Air services 52 ANNEX 3 75 Box 1.5 Warsaw Mechanism and 9.7 Maritime services 53 Strategic Area 3: The Economy – Growth and Sendai Framework 9 9.8 Outer island infrastructure 54 Stability Matrix 9.9 Corporatisation, public subsidies and Box 1.6 Art. 8: Loss and Damage 9 ANNEX 4 77 management 54 Box 2.1 Public Broadcasting Act 13 Strategic Area 4: Health and Social Development 9.10 Climate change and infrastructure 54 Box 3.1 Other debt-related items 17 Matrix Box 3.2 Monetary and fiscal policy 17 ii iii TE KAKEEGA III TE KAKEEGA III National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2016 to 2020 Foreword It is my honor and privilege to present Te Kakeega III (TKIII), prepared for the people of Tuvalu and Tuvalu’s development partners, who continue to provide Tuvalu with generous for its development.