a) Mitogenomic phylogeny Manis javanica Nandinia binotata Paguma larvata Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Genetta servalina Viverricula indica Civettictis civetta Viverra tangalunga Bdeogale nigripes Urva javanica Fossa fossana Mungotictis decemlineata Proteles cristata cristataTS307 Proteles cristata septentrionalis NMS Z 2018 54 Crocuta crocuta Hyaena hyaena Parahyaena brunnea FD126 Prionodon pardicolor Neofelis nebulosa Panthera tigris Panthera onca Panthera uncia Panthera leo Panthera pardus Leopardus tigrinus Leopardus geoffroyi Leopardus guigna Leopardus colocolo Leopardus jacobita Leopardus pardalis Leopardus wiedii Pardofelis marmorata Catopuma badia Catopuma temminckii Acinonyx jubatus Puma concolor Puma yagouaroundi Lynx rufus Lynx lynx Lynx canadensis Lynx pardinus Leptailurus serval Caracal caracal Profelis aurata Prionailurus rubiginosus Prionailurus planiceps Prionailurus bengalensis Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus Prionailurus viverrinus Otocolobus manul Felis chaus Felis nigripes Felis margarita Felis catus Felis silvestris Chrysocyon brachyurus Speothos venaticus Lycaon pictus Cuon alpinus Canis latrans Canis anthus Canis lupus Urocyon cinereoargenteus Otocyon megalotis megalotis TS305 Otocyon megalotis virgatus FMNH158128 Nyctereutes procyonoides Vulpes lagopus Vulpes corsac Vulpes ferrilata Vulpes vulpes T3611 Vulpes zerda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Arctodus simus Arctotherium sp Tremarctos ornatus Outgroup (Manidae) Melursus ursinus Helarctos malayanus Ursus americanus Ursus thibetanus Nandinidae Ursus spelaeus Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus Viverridae Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus Callorhinus ursinus Eumetopias jubatus Zalophus californianus Herpestidae Arctocephalus pusillus Arctocephalus forsteri Arctocephalus townsendi Neophoca cinerea Eupleridae Phocarctos hookeri Neomonachus schauinslandi Mirounga leonina Hyaenidae Lobodon carcinophaga Hydrurga leptonyx Leptonychotes weddellii Erignathus barbatus Prionontidae Cystophora cristata Phoca fasciata Phoca groenlandica Felidae Phoca largha Phoca vitulina Halichoerus grypus Pusa caspica Canidae Pusa hispida Pusa sibirica Ailurus_fulgens Ursidae Conepatus chinga Mephitis mephitis Spilogale putorius Nasua nasua Odobenidae Procyon lotor Taxidea taxus Arctonyx collaris Otariidae Meles meles Meles anakuma Meles leucurus Martes pennanti Phocidae Gulo gulo Martes flavigula Martes foina Ailuridae Martes americana Martes melampus Martes martes Martes zibellina Mephitidae Melogale moschata Enhydra lutris Aonyx cinereus Lutrogale perspicillata Procyonidae Lutra lutra Lutra sumatrana Mustela frenata Mustelidae Neovison vison Mustela kathiah Mustela erminea Mustela altaica Mustela nivalis Bootstrap supports < 70 Mustela itatsi Mustela sibirica Mustela nigripes Mustela eversmannii Mustela putorius b) Patristic distances for COX1 and CYTB genes COX1 3657 individuals CYTB Divergence Polymorphism 6159 individuals Divergence Polymorphism 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.000.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.00 0.2 0.4 0.6 Polymorphism Divergence .