The geopolitics of cities old challenges, new issues Ellesmere Kuummiit Devon Qaanaaq Brock Massey Cameron Nuuk Vanier Helena Pangnirtung Sisimiut Borden Arctic Bay Duncan Pond Inlet Ilulissat Nanisivik Narsaq Krimsk Ilha do Príncipe Eduardo Cape Dorset Aasiaat Saskatchewan Iqaluit Uummannaq Ak-Dovurak QuebecNova Brunswick Narsaq Kurtchatov Trail Terra Nova e Labrador Fernie Lakinsk Colúmbia Britânica Ontário Lgov Territórios do Noroeste Parksville Mirni ManitobaAbbotsford Nova Escócia Channel Nunavut Port aux StorrsPasadena Lander Basques YukonJoplin SelmaNew Castle Lancaster AlbertaToledo Mie WichitaMontgomeryFlint Fairbanks Dalton Nara QuincyBessemerbile Evansville Minot GlendaleJonesboroBessemerbileTuskegee Gifu Charleston OrlandoLincoln Chiba PhenixFairbanksMidwest City Tóquio AnnistonAuburn Georgetown PrescottHigh Point Saga Anchorage Oxford OaxacaBostonFiladélfia Powell Cody Ecatepec TroyBarre Xalapa Barrow York Ciudadde Morelos Kent Juárez GuadalajaraVail Utica Tonalá Tijuana Reno Zapopan Havana Juárez Bayamo Puebla Torreón Baracoa Monterrey León Santo Cidade do México Domingo Nezahualcóyotl Naucalpan Mérida Toluca Cancún Neiva Tonalá Barbacoas Girón CaracasPalo Durango Valência Negro BogotáCáli CaracasAnaco Geo MacaraíbargetoLindem Cúcutua GuayanawnCharityPara Cai Cúcutua Rosemiboena Ciudad HallApoeraRémi IbaguéCaigua Niterói Jennyre-MoVale BucaramangaUrica FortAurora Cartagena ZuataBelémItuni ntijonça dasPasto Índias Cagua Porto Velho El Oro SoledadBarreirinha GuayaquilQuito Pasto SalvadorVitória CuencaIcaBello SantoIquitos Dom Aracaju Belo Jayapuri ingoTalaraArequipaManaus Chimbote ItapirangaHorizonteSão Paulo Porto Trujillo Rio Branco Goiania Moresby JuliacaFortalezaBrasília HuarezJaénBarra PortoBonita Velho Planaltina Vinto Macapá PunoCajamarcaLa PazFeira Grande Lima Sacaba Recife PaitaQuillacolloTabatinga Sydney SullanaSanta CruzNova Olinda do Norte CuscoPuerto Aguirre Victor Harbor IloCochabambaRio de Janeiro UyuniRiberalta João Pessoa PotosíTarija Port Lincoln TrinidadBelénBelfordSão Roxo Luís SucreAbaíOrlandia Campbelltown ChacoAltos Verá Maricá Camberra LobosBorjaRincaoSão Paulo Mount Mognet AtyráNatal Tandil AltosMacapá Port Hedland Quilmes Bom Jesus Broome CorrientesCampoApiuna Alegre Adelaide Fremantle San Carlos Brusque Colonia Renato Balbim Esperance de BarilocheMeloCaibi Montevideo Broome Buenos Durazno Editor Aires Rosario Albany PosadasSan Luis Boulder Nelson Jujuy Mendonza Auckland Tucumán Hobart San Juan Burnie Wellington Comodoro Christchurch Rivadaia Dunedin Ushuaia Salta Santa Fe Viedma How an urban global agenda should respond to the social, economic and environmental challenges faced by an unequal urban society? How would it address the increase of socio-spatial inequalities and segregation present in cities, mostly in developing countries? Various chapters in this book have casted light on how and why such an agenda should address the drivers and consequences of social-spatial inequalities, such as the growing number of residents living in informal and unserviced settlements; concentration of property in the hands of a few, increasing financialization of land and housing, privatization of public spaces, rising urban insecurity, and shrinking spaces for civil society. In seeking to account for the unequal distribution of wealth, resources and opportunities, many prepositions advocate for a paradigm shift about how urban development is financed, produced and governed. Government commitment to redistribution, de-concentration and re-democratization efforts in housing, property, basic services, public spaces and governance sectors, is one proposed shift. They emphasize that commitments towards an urban paradigm shift should lead to the realization of the right to the city for all, consisting in the right of all inhabitants, present and future, temporary and permanent, to use, occupy, produce, govern and enjoy peaceful, just, inclusive and sustainable cities, villages and settlements, understood as a common good essential to a full and decent life. It would require the shift from a techno-economic approach to a people- centered and rights-based one. This would entail giving power and resources in local governments; claiming and preserving territorial spaces for underrepresented groups and excluded communities, recognizing informal settlements and labor, enforcing the social function of land, tackling real estate speculation, securing progressive taxation over property. Questions then arise as to whether it would be possible to engage governments to implement such shifts in contexts of privatization, limited social service provision, neoliberal governance, and market-oriented governance. This book contributes to ask and address all these questions, taking advantage of the realization of the III United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development in Quito, which will count on the participation of civil society organizations, social movements, academics, private enterprises, foundations, national and local governments and UN representatives. Letícia Osorio Program Officer – Human Rights Brazil Office/Ford Foundation The geopolitics of cities old challenges, new issues Ellesmere Kuummiit Devon Qaanaaq Brock Massey Cameron Nuuk Vanier Helena Pangnirtung Sisimiut Borden Arctic Bay Duncan Pond Inlet Ilulissat Nanisivik Narsaq Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinski Krimsk Ilha do Príncipe Eduardo Reykjavík Cape Dorset Aasiaat Kópavogur Saskatchewan Iqaluit Uummannaq Ak-Dovurak QuebecNova Brunswick Narsaq Kurtchatov Trail Terra Nova e Labrador Fernie Daguestanskiie Ogni Lakinsk Colúmbia Britânica Ontário Lgov Territórios do Noroeste Parksville Mirni ManitobaAbbotsford Nova EscóciaNunavut Channel Ufa Port aux Cazã StorrsPasadena Lander Basques Lancaster YukonJoplin Omsk SelmaNew Castle AlbertaToledo Mie WichitaMontgomeryFlint Fairbanks Dalton Nara QuincyBessemerbile Evansville Minot GlendaleJonesboroBessemerbileTuskegee Gifu Charleston OrlandoLincoln Chiba PhenixFairbanksMidwest City Georgetown Pusan Tóquio AnnistonAuburn PrescottHigh Point Saga Anchorage Oxford OaxacaBostonFiladélfia Powell Cody Ecatepec TroyBarre Xalapa Barrow York Ciudadde Morelos Kent Juárez GuadalajaraVail Utica Tonalá Tijuana Reno Zapopan Havana Juárez Bayamo Puebla Torreón Baracoa Monterrey León Santo Cidade do México Domingo Nezahualcóyotl Naucalpan Mérida Toluca Cancún Neiva Tonalá Barbacoas Girón CaracasPalo Durango Valência Negro Davao BogotáCáli CaracasAnaco Geo Fuzhou MacaraíbargetoLindem Cúcutua GuayanawnCharityPara Cai Cúcutua Rosemiboena Wuxi Ciudad HallApoeraRémi IbaguéCaigua Niterói Jennyre-MoVale BucaramangaUrica FortAurora Cartagena ZuataBelémItuni ntijonça dasPasto Índias Cagua Porto Velho El Oro SoledadBarreirinha Maka GuayaquilQuito Pasto SalvadorVitória CuencaIcaBello SantoIquitos ssar Dom Aracaju Belo Jayapuri ingoTalaraArequipaManaus Chimbote ItapirangaHorizonteSão Paulo Porto Trujillo Rio Branco Goiania Moresby JuliacaFortalezaBrasília HuarezJaénBarra PortoBonita Velho Planaltina Vinto Macapá PunoCajamarcaLa PazFeira Grande Lima Sacaba Recife PaitaQuillacolloTabatinga Sydney SullanaSanta CruzNova Olinda do Norte CuscoPuerto Aguirre Victor Harbor IloCochabambaRio de Janeiro UyuniRiberalta João Pessoa PotosíTarija Port Lincoln TrinidadBelénBelfordSão Roxo Luís SucreAbaíOrlandia Campbelltown ChacoAltos Verá Maricá Newcastle Camberra LobosBorjaRincaoSão Paulo Mount Mognet AtyráNatal Geraldton Tandil AltosMacapá Port Hedland Quilmes Bom Jesus Broome CorrientesCampoApiuna Alegre Adelaide Fremantle San Carlos Brusque Colonia Renato Balbim Bunbury Esperance de BarilocheMeloCaibi Montevideo Broome Buenos Durazno Editor Aires Rosario Albany PosadasSan Luis Boulder Nelson Jujuy Mendonza Auckland Tucumán Hobart San Juan Burnie Wellington Comodoro Christchurch Rivadaia Dunedin Ushuaia Salta Santa Fe Viedma Federal Government of Brazil Ministry of Planning, Development and Management Minister, Interim Dyogo Henrique de Oliveira A public foundation affiliated to the Ministry of Planning, Development and Management, Ipea provides technical and institutional support to government actions – enabling the formulation of numerous public policies and programs for Brazilian development – and makes research and studies conducted by its staff available to society. President Ernesto Lozardo Director of Institutional Development Juliano Cardoso Eleutério Director of Studies and Policies of the State, Institutions and Democracy João Alberto De Negri Director of Macroeconomic Studies and Policies Claudio Hamilton Matos dos Santos Director of Regional, Urban and Environmental Studies and Policies Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho Director of Sectoral Studies and Policies, Innovation, Regulation and Infrastructure Fernanda De Negri Director of Social Studies and Policies Lenita Maria Turchi Director of International Studies, Political and Economic Relations Alice Pessoa de Abreu Chief of Staff, Deputy Márcio Simão Chief Press and Communications Officer Regina Alvarez URL: http://www.ipea.gov.br Ombudsman: http://www.ipea.gov.br/ouvidoria The geopolitics of cities old challenges, new issues Ellesmere Kuummiit Devon Qaanaaq Brock Massey Cameron Nuuk Vanier Helena Pangnirtung Sisimiut Borden Arctic Bay Duncan Pond Inlet Ilulissat Nanisivik Narsaq Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinski Krimsk Ilha do Príncipe Eduardo Reykjavík Cape Dorset Aasiaat Kópavogur Saskatchewan Iqaluit Uummannaq Ak-Dovurak QuebecNova Brunswick Narsaq Kurtchatov Trail Terra Nova e Labrador Fernie Daguestanskiie Ogni Lakinsk Colúmbia Britânica Ontário Lgov Territórios do Noroeste