Sector Environmental Analysis and Manlagement Framework Dalal Mott MacDonald TNRWSSP - SWAp T'WAD Board. Tamil Nadu Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project TWAD House, Chepauk, KaarjSaa, hnni- 600 005 El1 42 0 Public Disclosure Authorized Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework Public Disclosure Authorized Final Report May, 2005 Public Disclosure Authorized !.t ~ DllMotMcDnl X,~~Dint Cete VFlo '~~~1Adl aakSre Daidapety Chennatr 60e05I ndiaoo Public Disclosure Authorized Tel: 91-044-24311427 -32 D:\SEA_Final_Report\SEAMiF-FR.doc Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework balal Mott MacDonald Final Report TWAD Board Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Annexes Executive Summary Table of Contents I Introduction 1-1 1.1 Tamil Nadu Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (TNRWSSP) 1-1 1.2 Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework (SEA&MF) 1-1 1.3 Purpose of Study 1-1 1.4 Scope of the study 1-2 1.5 Methodology 1-2 1.5.1 Data Collection and Review 1-2 1.5.2 Preliminary Site Visits 1-4 1.5.3 Public Consultations 1-4 1.5.4 Criteria for selection of sample Panchayats 1-4 1.6 Procedure followed for Public Consultations 1-6 1.7 Schedule of Public Consultations 1-7 1.8 Organisation of the Report 1-7 2 Rural Water Policy and Environmental Framework 2-1 2.1 Chronology of development 2-1 2.1.1 The Mission approach 2-2 2.1.2 Tenth Five Year Plan - Water supply and Sanitation policy 2-2 2.1.3 Rural Sanitation: 2-4 2.2 Environmental aspects in the National Water Policy (2002) 2-5 2.2.1 Environmental Requirements of Government of India on RWSS Projects 2-6 2.3 State Water Policy 2-7 2.3.1 Review of State Water Policy 2-8 2.4 Tamil Nadu State Acts related to Water sector 2-9 2.4.1 The Tamil Nadu Groundwater (Development & M/anagemeni) Act, 2003 2-9 2.4.2 Chennai Metropolitan Area Groundwater (Regulation) Act No.27 of 1987 2-9 2.4.3 Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Act 2-9 D:\SEA_Final_Report\SEAMF-FR.doc ToC-i Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework balal Mott MacDonald Final Peport TWAD Board 2.4.4 Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act No.35 of 1958, as amended 2-9 2.4.5 Tamil Nadu Rivers Conservation Act No.6 1884 as amended in 1969 2-9 2.4.6 Water Utilisation Committee 2-10 2.4.7 Regulations and procedures 2-10 2.5 Status of TNRWSS Project from Environmental Considerations 2-11 3 Tam il Nadu Water and Sanitation Sector Institutions 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.1.1 Water Resources Organisation (WRO) 3-1 3.1.2 Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) 3-2 3.1.3 Rural Development Department 3-3 3.1.4 Agriculture Engineering Department 3-5 3.1.5 Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board 3-5 3.2 Water quality monitoring 3-5 3.3 Analysis of Institutional Aspects 3-7 4 The proposed TNRWSS Project 4-1 4.1 Sector Plan objectives 4-1 4.2 TNRWSS program components 4-1 4.2.1 Program Institutional Arrangements 4-2 4.2.2 Institutional arrangements and Linkages 4-2 4.2.3 Environmental Management Arrangements 4-6 4.2.4 Sector monitoring and evaluation framework 4-7 4.2.5 Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation 4-7 4.3 Analysis of Water and Sanitation Technology Options proposed under the project 4-8 4.3.1 Water supply 4-8 5 Baseline Environmental Status 5-1 5.1.1 Location 5-1 5.1.2 Physiography 5-1 5.1.3 Climate and rainfall 5-1 5.1.4 Geology 5-4 5.1.5 Geomorphology (Land forms) 5-6 5.1.6 Hydrogeology 5-6 5.1.7 Soils 5-8 5.1.8 Land use / Land cover 5-8 5.2.1 Water resources of Tamil Nadu 5-11 5.2.2 Groundwater resources potential 5-17 5.2.3 Ground water level 5-18 5.2.4 Time Series Analysis 5-21 5.2.5 Groundwater Quality 5-25 5.2.6 Groundwater Contamination due to Industrial Pollution 5-32 5.2.7 Ground water recharge 5-33 5.2.8 Need for groundwater recharge: 5-33 5.2.9 Impact of recharge structures on ground water 5-34 5.2.10 Water Quality Monitoring 5-36 5.3.1 Population 5-37 D:\SEA Final Report\SEAMF-FR.doc ToC-ii Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework Dalal Mott MacDonald Final Peport TWAD Board 5.3.2 Literacy 5-38 5.3.3 Rural water supply coverage 5-38 5.3.4 Status of Rural Sanitation in Tamil Nadu 5-43 5.3.5 Health Indicators 5-45 5.3.6 Status of Human Development in Tamil Nadu 5-45 5.3,7 Summary review of baseline status 5-46 5.3.8 Issues arising from Public Consultations 5-49 5.3.9 Identification of Hotspots and Strategy for Mitigation 5-50 6 Environmental Risks and Impacts 6-1 6.1.1 Planning / Preparatory Phase 6-1 6.1.2 Construction Phase 6-1 6.1.3 Operation Phase 6-1 6.1.4 Pre-Construction Phase Impacts 6-2 6.3.1 Positive impacts 6-3 6.3.2 Potential negative impacts and Risks 6-4 7 Environmental Management Framework 7-1 7.2,1 Water quantity issues 7-1 7.2.2 Water quality issues 7-2 7.2.3 Water and sanitation related health issues 7-4 7.3.1 Individual schemes 7-4 7.3.2 Combined schemes 7-5 7.3.3 Institutional set up 7-5 7.3.4 Appraisal and evaluation procedure 7-10 7.3.5 Environmental Monitoring and Supervision arrangement during implementation 7-12 D:\SEA Final_Report\SEANIF-FR.doc TOC-iii Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework balal Mott MacDonald Final Report TWAD Board List of Tables Table. 5.1 :Land forms, Hydrogeology and Groundwater Potential of Tamil Nadu 5-6 Table. 5.2: Tamil Nadu Land Use Particulars in hectares (Except Cauvery Basin) 5-10 Table. 5.3: Area, rainfall and GW potential of river basins of Tamil Nadu 5-11 Table. 5.4: Basinwise Water Resources Potential, Demand And Balance - Tamil Nadu (MCu.m) 5-13 Table. 5.5: Data on the surplus flow to sea in river basins of Tamil Nadu (except Cauvery basin) 5-14 Table. 5.6: Rural Water Supply - District wise distribution of the type of sources 5-15 Table. 5.7: Ground water status of Tamil Nadu as on January 1998 5-17 Table. 5.8: Categorisation of blocks as on January 1998 and January 2003 5-17 Table. 5.9: Time Series Analysis - Groundwater Recharge & Groundwater Development 5-22 Table. 5.10: Water quality data - Hand pump sources in Tamil Nadu (2001-02) 5-27 Table. 5.1 1: Percentage non-potability for individual parameters for Power Pump sources 5-28 Table. 5.12: Industrial Pollution in Tamil Nadu 5-33 Table. 5.13: District wise recommended groundwater recharge structures 5-34 Table 5.1 3a: Districtwise recharge structures constructed by TWAD 5-35 Table. 5.14: District wise Rural Male- Female population in Tamil Nadu 5-38 Table 5.15: Water Supply Coverage in Habitations 5-41 Table 5.16: Habitations benefited under rural water supply 5-41 Table 5.18: Cases and Deaths due to ADD / Cholera from 1999 to 2003 in Tamil Nadu 5-45 Table.5.19: Hotspots for fluoride in Tamil Nadu 5-50 Table. 5.20: Hotspots for Water Quantity 5-51 Table. 5.21: Summary of Hotspots with respect to water quality and GWD 5-52 Table 7.1: Environmental Management Framework 7-6 Table 7.2a: Environmental Data Sheet for Individual Power Pump Schemes 7-8 Table 7.2 b: Environmental Data Sheet For Multi-Village Water Supply Schemes 7-9 Table 7.3: Environmental Assessment and Management Framework 7-11 Table. 7.4: Recommended Monitoring Plan 7-12 D:\SEA_Final Report\SEAMF-FR.doc Tab -i Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework balal Mott Macbonald Final Report TWAb) Board List of Figures Fig No Title Page No 1.1 Approach Methodology 1-3 1.2 TN-Selected Blocks 1-5 3.1 Organisation Chart-TWAD Board 3-4 4.1 TNRWSSP Programme Organisational Framework 4-3 4.2 State Program Management Unit 4-4 4.3 District Program Management Unit 4-5 5.1 Location Map 5-2 5.2 Tamil Nadu Block Map 5-3 5.3 Variation in Rainfall in Tamil Nadu 5-4 5.4 Districtwise Rainfall 5-5 5.5 Geology of Tamil Nadu 5-7 5.6 Soil Map 5-9 5.7 River Basins 5-12 5.8 Distribution of rural water supply source in TN 5-16 5.9 Categorisation of Blocks 5-18 5.10 Ground water Classification of TN 5-19 5.11 Normal Rainfall and trend in Groundwater level - TN 5-20 5.12 Groundwater level trend analysis for selected blocks 5-23 5.13 Number of habitations affected by Single parameter - 2003 5-26 5.14 Habitations affected by Multiple Parameters 5-26 5.15 Status of Ground Water -TDS 5-29 5.16 Status of Ground Water - Fluoride 5-30 5.17 Status of Ground Water - Nitrate 5-31 5.18 Fluoride Affected Habitations in TN 5-32 5.19 Sources affected by Critical parameters 5-32 5.20 Tamil Nadu Population Density and Urban Vs Rural Distribution 5-39 5.21 Rural Water Supply coverage status - TN 5-40 5.22 Toilets constructed in Rural areas of Tamil Nadu 5-43 r 5.23 Year wise construction of Individual Toilets in TN 5-44 D:SAFnlRpotSA FF.o Fig -i Sector Environmental Analysis and Management Framework balal Mott MacDonald Final Report TWAD Board List of Annexes Annex No.