Technical Bulletin No. 1083 March 1954 /' Classification of Wheat Varieties Grown in the United States in 1949 By B. B. BAYLES Principal Agronomist and J. ALLEN CLARK Senior Agronomist Field Crops Research Bran~h United States Department of Agriculture, Washingtc'll, D. C. For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, WaehinMlon 25, D. C. • Price 70 cent. 66 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE to strong; spike apically awnleted, fusi­ Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, form, middense to dense, inclined; glumes 452,427 acres (fig. 32). glabrous, white with black stripes, mid­ long, wide; shoulders wide, oblique to LOFTHOUSE square; beaks mid wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets 3 to 10 mm. long, some­ Description.-Plant winter habit mid­ tim,;s incurved; kernels red, midlong, se:;tson, midtall; ste:n white,. midstrong; semlhard, ovate; germ midsized· crease s~lke awnleted, fusIform, mlddense, in­ midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush cllped_; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, midsized, midlong. ml~wlde; should~rs wanting to narrow, History.-Kanqueen (C. 1. 12762) was oblIque; beaks WIde, obtuse, 1 mm. long; developed by Earl G. Clark, the farmer­ awnlets several, 5 to 30 mill. long; wheat breeder of Sedgwick, Kans., and kernels red, mic_llon.g, sof~, ovate; germ first offered for sale in the fall of 1949. small; crease mldwlde, mlddeep; cheeks It was sold in small lots in all sections usually angular; brush small, midlong. of Kansas. There is some confusion as to the VIGO identity of this variety. It frequently has been referred to as white-kerneled Description.-Plant' winter habit, mid­ and often is confused with the Kofod variety. se:;tson, midtall; s~em white, strong; spIke awnleted, fusIform, lax, inclined· History.-A wheat by the name of glumes glabrous, white, long, narrow t~ Lofthouse has been grown in Utah since midwide; shoulders midwide, square to about 1890. The sample from which rounded; beaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 were grown the plants described above mID. long; awnlets few, 3 to 15 mm. was <?bLained by the Nephi substation, Icing; kernels red, midlong, soft, ovate' Neph~, Utah, fro.m the State agricultural germ midsized; crease midwide, middeep; experIment statlOn at Logan in 1904 cheeks rounded; brush small, short. The origin of Lofthouse (C. 1. 3275) (See fig. 31, A.) (reg. 32) cannot be traced accurately and Vigo is resistant to leaf rust and considerable confusion exists a~ to mosaic and to SOUle races of loose smut. whether the variety originally was a It is of good soft wheat quality and is white-kerneled or red-kerneled wheat relatively winter-hardy. According to J. B. Nelson, the variety History.-Vigo (C. 1. 12220) was became established in Utah from seed developed at the Purdue University distributed by a Mr. Lofthouse a farmer Agricultural Experiment Station in ex­ at Paradise, Utah, about 16 n{iIes south periments cooperative between the Bot­ of Logan. Mr. Nelson states that in any Department of that Station and the 1893 or 18\)4, in a conversation with Mr. Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases of Lofthouse regarding the best varieties of the United States Department of Agri­ wheat for dry farming, he was told that culture (33). It was selected from a Mr. Lofthouse had received a sample of cross between Fultz Sel. C. 1. 11512 a soft white winter wheat from the United sister selection of Wabash, and Trumbull States Department of Agriculture a year made in 1932. The strain later named or two previously, which promised to Vigo was selected in 1937,and designated produce large yields and was a good as 3241-15. It was distributed in milling wheat. The wheat was hardy Indiana in the fall of 1946. It is recom­ standing the winter better than othe; mf'nded for growing in Indiana southern varieties, and soon became the most Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri. extensively grown winter wheat in north­ ern Utah and southern Idaho. Although the above statement shows that the wheat originally was white-kerneled the wheat grown at Nephi, Utah, since 1\)04 is red-kerneled. ' Distnbution.-Estimated area in 1949, 1,705 acres, grown in Idaho. Synonyms.-Winter La Salle, Winter N ellis. Winter La Salle is thought to be the name under which the wheat later named Lofthouse was sent to Utah by the United States Department of Agriculture. WABASH FIGURE 32.-Distribution of Vigo wheat in Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ 1949. Estimated area, 452,127 acres. soason, midtall to tall; stem white, mid- CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 67 strong to strong; spike awnleted, fusiform, Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, lax, nodding; glumes glabrous, white, 6\)1 ,488 acres (fig. 33). midlong, midwide; shoulders wid", square; heaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets several, 3 to 10 mm. long; kernels red, midlong, soft, ovate; germ midsized; crease midwide, middeep; checks rounded to angular; brush mirlsizerl, mirllong. IVabash is resistant to some races of leaf rust. H is also resistant to mosaic but is susceptible to flag smut and most races of loos~ smut. History.-Wabash (C. I. 11384) (reg. 324} was selected from C. I. 5308 in cooperative investigations at the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Sta­ tion. C. 1. 5308 originated from a single head received by the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station in 1913. This head apparer1tly was from a natural hybrid between Fultz and an unknown variety, as its progeny segregated for FIGURE 33.-Distribution of Fairfield whea t leaf-rust resistance, chaff, color, and in 1949. Estimated area, 691,488 acres. other characters. A number of leaf­ rust-resistant selections were made from CLARKAN it. The one named lYabash was last selected in 1924 and was carried in early Dcscription.-Plant winter habit, mid­ tests as C. I. 5308-Wh.-l-1-1. It was season, midtall; stem white, midstrong; approved for distribution in1"the-fall of spike awnleted, oblong to fusiform, mid­ 1938 by the Indiana and Illinois Agri­ dense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, cultural Experiment SLations. sometimes with. faint black stripes, mid­ Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, long, midwide; shoulders midwide to wide, 22,875 acres, grown in Illinois and Indiana. oblique to square; beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets few, 1 to 8 mm. long; kernels red, midlong, soft, elliptical; germ FAIRFIELD midsized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, short Descnption.-Plant winter habit, mid­ A.) season, midtall; stem white, midstrong; to midlong. (See" fig. 34, spike awnleted, oblong, lax, erect; glumes Clarkanlis moderately resistant to flag glabrous, white, midlong, midwide; shoul­ smut but is susceptible to mosaic and very ders narrow, rounded; beaks midwide, susceptible to loose smut and bunt. The obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets few, 3 to grain of Clarkan is of unusually high-test 20 mm. long; kernels red, midlong, soft, weight. The texture of Clarkan kernels is~somewhat harder than that for typical ovate; germ midsized; crease midwide, soft Wheats. middeep; cheeks rounded; brush mid­ History.-Clarkan (C. I. 8858) (reg. sized, midlong. (See fig. 31, B.) 316) was developed by a private wheat Fairfield is relatively winter-hardy, breeder, Earl G. Clark, of Sedgwick, resistant to mosaic, to many races of loose Kans., from a natural hybrid found in a smut, and has somc resistancc to leaf rust. field of Blackhull in 1916. It probably It is well adapted for combine harvesting. was a Blackhull X Harvest Queen cross. It has good soft-wheat quality. Clarkan resulted from a plant selected in Hislory.-Fairfield (C. I. 12013) (reg. 1921 and was first known as Clark's No. 332) was developed from a cross between 40. The variety was tested by the Kansas Purkof and Fulhio made in 1926 by the Agricultural Experiment Station and was Agronomy Department of the Purdue distributed by Mr. Clark in 1931, whcn University Agricultural Experiment Sta­ it was recommended by the Kansas tion, at Lafayette, Ind. The strain later station for growing in eastern Kansas named Fairfield was selected in 1932 and (101). during the testing period was designated Distribution.-EstimaLed area in 1949, as Purdue No.6 (64). It was distributed 939,098 acres (fig. 35). in Indiana in the fall of 1942. Synonym.-Clark's No. 40. 68 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE \ A B FIGURE 34.-A, Clarkan and B, Forward wheats: Spikes and glumes, X 1; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1 {) 4 9 69 5 to 15 mm. long; kernels red, midlong, soft, ovate; germ midsized to large; crease midwide, mid deep ; cheeks rounded; brush , midsized, midlong. Pennoll is a rather tall gr_J;lwing variety but has withstood lodging very well con­ sidering its height. It has been a pro­ ductive variety in Pennsylvania and has satisfactory soft-wheat quality. History.-Pennoll (C. 1. 12755) was selected from a cross between Valprizo and Nittany by the Agronomy Depart­ ment at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. The selection which resulted in Pennoll was designated as Pa. 114a42 during the testing period. It was , entered in the eastern uniform soft winter FIGURE 3S.-Distribution of Clarkan wheat wheat nursery in the fall of 1949. It was in 1949. Estimated area, 939,098 acres. released in 1951 and it was estimated that 30,000 acres were seeded in Pennsyl­ HARVEST QUEEN vania in the faU of 1952. Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ PROSPERITY season, tall; stem white, strong; spike awnleted, oblong, dense, erect to inclined; Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ glumes glabrous, white, midlong, mid­ season, midtall; stem glaucous when wide; shoulders wide, oblique to square; green, white, strong, coarse; spike awn­ beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm.