UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek Za Sociologijo

UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek Za Sociologijo

UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek za sociologijo Diplomsko delo KULTURA IN UMETNOST 19. IN 20. STOLETJA V OBČINI SLOVENJ GRADEC Mentor Kandidatka: Izr. prof. dr. Andrej VOVKO Alenka TRIPLAT Somentor: Doc. dr. Igor KRAMBERGER Maribor, februar 2009 1 ZAHVALA Najprej se iskreno zahvaljujem mentorju izr. prof. dr. Andreju Vovku in somentorju doc. dr. Igorju Krambergerju, ki sta s svojimi strokovnimi nasveti in strokovno pomočjo nadzorovala in usmerjala nastajanje in dokončanje pričujočega diplomskega dela. Zahvaljujem se tudi zaposlenim v knjiţnici Ksaverja Meška v Slovenj Gradcu, ki so mi bili v veliko pomoč pri zbiranju in iskanju gradiva . Še posebna zahvala pa velja moji druţini in fantu Gregi, ki so me v času študija in nastajanju diplomskega dela podpirali in spodbujali. 2 IZJAVA O AVTORSTVU Spodaj podpisana Alenka TRIPLAT, rojena 7. 2. 1983, študentka Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, smer zgodovina in sociologija, izjavljam, da je diplomsko delo z naslovom Umetnost in kultura 19. in 20. stoletja v občini Slovenj Gradec pri mentorju dr. Andreju VOVKU in somentorju dr. Igorju KRAMBERGERJU avtorsko delo. V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. Alenka TRIPLAT Razbor, februar 2009 3 POVZETEK Pričujoče delo predstavlja kulturo in umetnost v občini Slovenj Gradec v 19. in 20. stoletju. Namen moje naloge je opisati kulturo in umetnost v občini v omenjenem obdobju, ter ugotoviti kakšne so bile druţbene spremembe v mestu v 19. in 20. stoletju in kako je razvoj mesta v preteklosti pripomogel k razvoju kulture in umetnosti danes. Občina Slovenj Gradec s širšo okolico sodi med pokrajinsko najzanimivejše in kulturno zelo bogate predele Slovenije. Bogat kulturni in umetnostni razvoj mesta v preteklosti kaţejo bogate arheološke najdbe na tem območju. V mestu so nepogrešljive kulturne ustanove, ki so nastale v prejšnjih stoletjih. Slovenj Gradec je rojstno mesto številnih umetnikov, ki ţivijo in delajo v drugih središčih, toda še vedno se čutijo navezane na domači kraj, kamor se radi vračajo. Velja tudi, da so mnogi prišli v Slovenj Gradec in si tu z zavzetim in poţrtvovalnim delom ustvarili ugled in tako povzdignili sloves ustanove, v kateri delajo, in mesta, kjer so doma. Za občino in njen kulturni razvoj je pomembna glasbena dejavnost. V Slovenj Gradcu in okolici je bilo glasbeno ţivljenje ţe v preteklosti zelo ţivahno in tako je tudi danes. Pomembno je tudi šolstvo. V občini delujejo štiri matične osnovne šole s svojimi podruţnicami. Pomembni je tudi srednje in visoko šolstvo. Slednje s v zadnjem času vedno bolj razvija in s tem privablja študente tudi iz drugih krajev. Občani mesta Slovenj Gradec smo zelo ponosni tudi na mednacionalne povezave mesta in na naziv Mesto glasnik miru. 4 Raziskava je pokazala, da sta kultura in umetnost v majhnem mestu na Koroškem bili prisotni ţe od nekdaj in tako bo tudi v prihodnje. KLJUČNE BESEDE: sociološki vidik, Slovenj Gradec, 19. in 20. stoletje, kultura, umetnost, šolstvo, glasba, Mesto glasnik miru. 5 ABSTRACT This paper is about culture and art in the municipality of Slovenj Gradec in 19th and 20th centuries. The purpose of my paper is to describe culture and art in the municipality in a previously mentioned era, as well as to find out which changes in society occurred in Slovenj Gradec in 19th and 20th centuries. I am also interested in how the development of the town in the past helped to the development of culture and art nowadays. Slovenj Gradec and its surroundings belong to the most interesting and culturally the richest parts of Slovenia. Archaeological findings in this area are a sign of a rich cultural and artistic development of the town in the past. There are some important cultural institutions in town, which were all built in previous centuries. Slovenj Gradec is a birthplace of numerous artists, who live and work in other towns; however they still feel attached to their home town, where they have gained reputation with their unselfish and hard work. In this way they have helped to establish a reputation for the institution they work in, as well as to the town they live in. Music activity is important for the municipality and its cultural development. Music has been a very important part of Slovenj Gradec and its surroundings already in the past, and it is no different today. Educational system is very important as well. There are four central primary schools with their subsidiary schools in Slovenj Gradec. High education and higher education are also of great importance. Lately, the latter has been well developing, and thus also inviting students from other towns. Citizens of Slovenj Gradec are very proud of the town's international connections, and especially of its title the "Peace Messener City". 6 The research has shown that culture and art have always been present in this small town in Carinthia and they will remain present also in the future. KEY WORDS: sociological aspect, Slovenj Gradec, 19th and 20th centuries, culture, art, education, music, Peace Messenger City 7 KAZALO VSEBINE 1 UVOD .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 TEORETIČNA IZHODIŠČA ..................................................................... 12 1.2 NAMEN OZ. CILJI ..................................................................................... 13 1.3 RAZISKOVALNE HIPOTEZE .................................................................. 14 1.4 PREDVIDENA METODOLOGIJA DELA ................................................ 14 2 DRUŢBENE SPREMEMBE V 19. IN 20. STOLETJU ............................. 15 2.1 RAZVOJ MESTA V ČASU CESARSKE AVSTRIJE ................................ 15 2.2 RAZVOJ MESTA V ČASU KALJEVINE JUGOSLVIJE .......................... 16 2.3 SLOVENJ GRADEC V ČASU 2. SVETOVNE VOJNE ............................ 18 2.4 MESTO V ČASU SOCIALISTIČNE JUGOSLAVIJE ............................... 19 2.5 RAZVOJ MESTA V ČASU DEMOKRATIČNE SLOVENIJE ................. 21 2.6 RAZVOJ ŠOLSTVA IN PISMENOSTI ..................................................... 22 2.6.2 Vpliv osnovne in srednje šola na razvoj kulture in umetnosti .............. 27 3 KULTURA 19. IN 20. STOLETJA V SLOVENJ GRADCU .................... 29 3.1 OPREDELITEV KULTURE ...................................................................... 29 3.2 SODOBNE KULTURNE USTANOVE..................................................... 30 3.2.1 Sodobno patronstvo .............................................................................. 30 3.2.1.1 Meškova bukvarna ........................................................................ 31 3.2.2 Vmesna oblika ...................................................................................... 31 3.2.2.1 Knjiţnica ....................................................................................... 32 3.2.2.2 Radio ............................................................................................. 35 3.2.2.3 Kulturni dom in kino ..................................................................... 37 3.2.3 Drţavna oblika ..................................................................................... 39 3.2.3.1 Koroški pokrajinski muzej ............................................................. 40 3.2.3.2 Galerija likovne umetnosti ............................................................ 42 3.2.3.3 Glasbena šola ................................................................................ 44 3.2.3.4 Sokličev muzej ............................................................................... 46 4 UMETNIKI 19. IN 20. STOLETJA ............................................................. 51 4.1 SOCIOLOŠKA OPREDELITEV UMETNOSTI ........................................ 51 4.2 UMETNIKOVA VLOGA V DRUŢBENEM ŢIVLJENJU ........................ 51 4.3 UMETNIKI ROJENI V SLOVENJ GRADCU ........................................... 52 4.3.1 Hugo Wolf ............................................................................................ 53 4.3.2 Franc Berneker .................................................................................... 55 4.3.2.1 Bernekerjava nagrada ................................................................... 58 4.3.3 Ernest Goll ........................................................................................... 58 4.4 UMETNIKI, PRISELJENI V SLOVENJ GRADEC .................................. 59 4.4.1 Franc Ksaver Meško ............................................................................ 59 4.4.2 Ljuba Prenner ...................................................................................... 61 4.4.3 Karel Pečko .......................................................................................... 64 4.4.4 Joţe Tisnikar ........................................................................................ 66 4.4.5 Bogdan Borčić ...................................................................................... 69 5 GLASBENA DEJAVNOST .......................................................................... 71 8 5.1 LJUBITELJSKO UKVARJANJE Z GLASBO ........................................... 71 5.1.1 Štirje kovači .......................................................................................... 72 5.1.2 Oktet Lesna .......................................................................................... 73 5.1.3 Pihalni orkester .................................................................................... 74 5.1.4

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