108 amiraninino CareqiSvili XXXII. 2019 istoria t History t История nino CareqiSvili ismiriqa _ xeTebis aRmosavleT periferiis politikuri gaerTianeba Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi Zvel anatoliaSi Camoyalibda xe- Tebis samefo, romelmac istoriaSi mTeli epoqa Seqmna. Zalian didi mniSvneloba hqonda xeTebis urTierTobas strategiulad mniSvnelovan sxvadasxva resursebiT mdi- dar aRmosavleT periferiasTan da aq arsebul politikur erTeulebTan Tu gaerTianebebTan. es regioni umetesad mTiani iyo da gamorCeuli iyo sxvadasxva resursebis sim- didriT (xe-tye, spilenZis da rkinis sabadoebi da a.S.), riT- ac dainteresebulni iyvnen xeTebisa da asurelebis garda urartelebic. madanTa sabadoebiT mdidari teritoriebis xelSi CagdebisTvis Zv. w. III-II aTaswleulebidan moyole- buli ibrZodnen Zlieri saxelmwifoebi da aqedan gamomdin- are upirvelesad miitaceboda xolme madneuli sabadoebiT mdidari da samTo-metalurgiuli warmoebiT aTvisebuli mxareebi, es mxareebi iyo swored xeTebis samefos aRmosav- leTiT da Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT arsebuli qveynebi Tu gaerTianebebi, romelTa didi nawili qarTveluri warmo- Sobis tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. amasTan erTad, samxreT kavkasiasa da wina azias Soris kavSirebis dasamyareblad moxerxebul gzas warmoadgenda zemo evfratic. Cven am statiaSi ganvixilavT xeTebis aRmosavleT per- iferiaze arsebuli politikuri erTeulebidan erT-erT mniSvnelovan geografiul punqts _ esaa ismiriqa1. gansa- kuTrebiT sayuradReboa ismiriqas xelSekruleba, romelic xeTebis mefem dado ismiriqas xalxTan. ismiriqas xelSek- ruleba2 KUB da ABoT seriiTaa gamoqveynebuli, aRniSnuli teqstebi da fragmentebi daculia boRazqois arqivSi. misi 1 vfiqrob aqamde xmarebaSi arsebuli termini „iSmeriqa, iSmeriga~, teqs- tidan gamomdinare marTebuli iqneba Tu Seicvleba termniT „ismiriqa~. 2 CTH 133: KUB 26.41, KUB 23.68 obv. 25’, rev. 1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25 + ABoT 1.58, KUB 23.113; CTH 237: KUB 26.54, 6’, CTH 40: KBo 19.52 2’ ismiriqa _ xeTebis politikuri gaerTianeba 109 adrindeli damuSaveba o. ranosceks ekuTvnis3. Semdeg teqs- tze imuSava a. gotcem4, romelmac daadgina KUB 26.41-isa da KUB 23.68 + ABoT 1.585-is damokidebuleba, aseve daemata KUB 23.113. saerTod es xelSekruleba sakmaod dazianebulia. xelSekrulebis Semdgomi damuSaveba ekuTvnis a. kempinskis da s. koSaks6. ismiriqas saxelwodebas teqstebSi vxvdebiT Semdegi saxiT7: KUR URUIš-mi-ri-ka8, KUR URUIš-mi-ri-ga9, KUR URUIš-mi-ri-ik10, KUR URUIš-mi-ri-[11, URUIš-mi-ri-ka12, URUIš-mi-r[i-13. ismiriqas xelSekrulebis qarTul enaze gadmoTargmnis da analizis safuZvelze ganvixilavT xeTebis istorias da axleburad warmovaCenT am periodis sadavo sakiTxebs. SevexebiT mis savaraudo adgilmdebareobas, toponimikas da sxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs. aseve siaxles warmoadgens is, rom pirvelad aris specialurad Seswavlili ismiriqa _ xeTebis aRmosavleT periferiis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani politikuri gaerTianeba, riTac SesaZloa xeTebis aRmosav- leT periferiis samxreT kavkasiasTan mimarTebis sakiTxeb- sac moefinos momavalSi naTeli. arsebobs mosazreba, rom ismiriqelebs qasqebis msgavsi cxovrebis wesi da Sesabamisad msgavsi tipis tomobrivi saxelmwifo hqondaT, amaze qvemoT 3 Ranoszek O., CR., 1939, p. 32 4 Goetze A., 1940, p. 44 5 es firfita fragmentulia. imdenadaa dazianebuli, rom mxolod cal- keuli sityvebis amokiTxvaa SesaZlebeli. SesavalSi naxsenebia mefe, de- dofali, Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, rasac Semdgom uSualod ismiriqas Sesaxeb unda mosdevdes informacia. garkveviT ikiTxeba mxolod sityve- bi: ismiriqa (11 striqoni), vaSuqani (12 da 15 striqonebi) da laparakia adamianze saxelad vaSiriSuva. am firfitidan sxva informaciis miReba SeuZlebelia. 6 Kempinski A., Košak S., 1970, p. 191 7 Monte, del G., & Tischler, J., 1978, s.149 8 KUB 23.68. Vs. 25′. Rs 1,6,7,11. 9 KUB 23.68. Rs. 14, 16, 19, 25. 10 KUB 23.68. Rs. 13,15, 17. 11 KUB 26.54, 6′. 12 KUB 23.68. Rs. 18. 13 KBo 19.52, 2′. 110 nino CareqiSvili visaubrebT. aseve gavaanalizebT zemoT aRniSnuli xelSek- rulebis gaformeba romeli xeTi mefis _ arnuvanda I-is Tu arnuvanda II-is _ mmarTvelobis periods ukavSirdeba. arnuvanda I arnuvanda I-is mmarTvelobis periodi14 Zv.w. 1402-1360 wlebs Soris ivaraudeba. arnuvanda I-is mefoba imperiis xanis dasawyisi periodia. igi mefobda TuTxalia I/II-sa da xaTusili II-s Soris. arnuvanda I unda yofiliyo TuTxalia I/II-is vaJi, romelTan erTadac xSirad monawileobda samx- edro operaciebSi. am dros igi xeTebis samefo taxtze ar iyo asuli. taxtze asvlisas ki Tavis daze _ aSmuniqalze qorwindeba. saerTod xeTebSi sisxlis aRreva sastikad iyo akrZaluli da naTesavebs Soris qorwinebebi yovlad dauS- vebeli, magram amgvari faqti gamowveuli unda yofiliyo xurituli gavleniT, romlis damkvidrebac samefo karze SesaZloa xaTusili I-is droidan modiodes. misi meuRle _ fuduxefa _ qicuvaTneli qurumis qaliSvili iyo, anu warmoSobiT xuritma dedofalma, SesaZloa, garkveuli xu- rituli wesebiT gavlena iqonia sasaxlis karze. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom TuTxalia I/II-is meuRle - nikal- maTic xurituli warmoSobis iyo, maSin ioli warmosadgenia, rogori Zlieri iqneboda samefo karze xurituli gavlena. ase rom, arnuvanda I dedis gavleniT da saerTod gavrcele- buli xurituli wesiT xeTebis wmidaTa wmida wess arRvevs. es rogorc Cans, am dros ukve arc ise tragikulad aRiqmeba, vinaidan am faqtis Tu faqtebis sawinaaRmdegod araviTari winaaRmdegobebi ar arsebobda, yovelSemTxvevaSi arcerT wyaroSi amaze saubari araa. rogorc Cans, xeTebis samefo karze ukve kargad damkvidrebul tradiciadaa qceuli sisxliT naTesauri qorwinebebi. arnuvanda I-ma gamosca instruqciebi, romelic wesrigis damyarebas iTvaliswinebda. misi mefobis dros xeTebis samefo CrdiloeTidan mudmivad ganicdida qasqebis Tav- dasxmebs, arnuvanda cdilobda rogorme moegvarebina es problema, radgan igi grZnobda, rom qasqebi am momentisaT- 14aqamde samecniero literaturaSi miRebuli iyo xeTebis samefos dayo- fa sam nawilad: Zveli, Sua da axali smaefoebis periodi, romelic bolo kvlevebis mixedviT axleburad aris warmodgenili, rogorc Zveli same- fos xana da imperiis xana (Burney, Ch., 2004). ismiriqa _ xeTebis politikuri gaerTianeba 111 vis seriozul Zalas warmoadgendnen. arnuvanda I gadadis Setevaze, Tavdasxmebs ieriSebiT pasuxobs, magram man mainc ver SesZlo qasqebis agresia sabolood aRekveTa. mTeli istoriis manZilze qasqebi xeTebis daumarcxebel mtrebad iTvlebodnen. arnuvanda mxurvaled loculobda da Ses- Txovda RmerTebs daxmarebas, magram uSedegod. Crdilo- eTidan problemas emateboda problema samxreTidanac _ arnuvanda I amarcxebs q. adanas; dasavleTiT _ Tavis mowi- naaRmdege maduvaTas winaaRmdeg uwevs brZola; samxreT- aRmosavleTiT ki _ faxuvasa da isuvas utevs; xelSekrule- bebs aformebs ismiriqasTan. ase rom, mTeli Tavisi mefoba arnuvanda I-ma sabrZolo moqmedebebSi gaatara. mas yvela mimarTulebiT uxdeboda brZola da cdilobda xeTebis saxelmwifos gavlena kvlav aRedgina gaaqtiurebul mezo- bel politikur erTeulebze, magram es periodi imdenad rTuli periodi iyo xeTebis istoriaSi, rom gaaqtiurebul politikur erTeulebze gavlenis aRdgena ki ara, qveynis sazRvrebis dacvac ki problemas warmoadgenda. arnuvanda I aSmuniqalze adre gardaicvala. meuRlem, ra Tqma unda, xurituli rwmena-warmodgenebis mixedviT dakrZala da misi saxelis ukvdavsayofad didi akldamac aago15. rogorc davinaxeT, arnuvanda I-is mefobis dros xeTebis aRmosavleT periferia aqtiurdeba, asparezze gamodian calkeuli politikuri erTeulebi. rogorc Cans, am dros xeTebis gavlena maTze sakmaod Sesustebuli iyo da isinic am SemTxvevis Tavis sasargeblod gamoyenebas cdiloben. arnuvanda I Tu arnuvanda II CvenTvis ukve cnobilia arnuvanda I-is mefobis periodi. axla saWiroa mivubrundeT im problemas ismiriqas xelSek- rulebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic misi avtoris vinaobas xdis sadavos. Cven ki SevecdebiT am problemaSi gaverkveT. teqsti KUB 26.41 + KUB 23.68 + ABoT 58 warmoadgens xelSekrulebas, romelic xeTma mefem arnuvandam ismiriqas mcxovreblebTan dado, romelic aseve meomrebisaTvis iyo dadgenili, xeTi samefo wyvilis dasacavad gansazRvruli da a.S. 15 Ünal, A., 1999: 49 112 nino CareqiSvili teqstis preambula asaxelebs mefe arnuvandas, romelmac es xelSekruleba dado, iyo Tu ara igi arnuvanda I, romelic mefobda sufiluliuma I-mde Tu arnuvanda II _ sufilu- liuma I-is vaJi? rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arnuvanda I, romelsac unda emefa daaxloebiT Zv.w. 1402-1360 wlebSi, TuTxalia I/II-is vaJi unda yofiliyo. arnuvanda II ki sufiluliuma I-is vaJi iyo. rogorc davinaxeT, arnuvanda I gamefebamde TuTxalia I/II-sTan erTad xSirad monawileobda samxedro operaciebSi. arnuvanda I-s Zalian cud dros mouxda mefoba, radgan misi mmarTvelobis dros xeTebi politikurad Zalian arian dasustebulebi. amiT sargebloben erTis mxriv, mis gav- lenaSi myofi politikuri erTeulebi da aqtiurdebian, gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleT periferiidan da meores mxriv, mezobeli saxelmwifoebi Tu politikuri gaerTianebebi, romlebic ieriSze gadmodian. isini yvela mxridan ute- ven xeTebs. arnuvandas brZolebi uxdeba CrdiloeTiT, dasavleTiT, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT da qveynis SigniTac da ase rom, misi mefoba gauTavebeli brZolebis istoriaa, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro warumatebeli iyo, vidre warmatebuli. rac Seexeba arnuvanda II-s (Zv.w. 1322-1321w.w.), man ar- nuvanda I-Tan SedarebiT mxolod mcire xniT imefa. misi saqmianoba mursili II-is analebSi aisaxa. ar aris cnobili mis mier Catarebuli samxedro operaciebi. mas rom raime mniSvnelovani sabrZolo operaciebi Caetarebina mursili II Tavis analebSi aucileblad aRniSnavda. arnuvanda II qveyanaSi gavrcelebuli epidemiis _ Savi Wiris msxverpli gaxda. misi gardacvalebiT mezobelma mtrebma isargebles da xeTebs Seuties. jerjerobiT arnuvanda I-sa da mis meuRle aSmuniqalze ufro meti masalaa xelmisawvdomi, vidre arnuvanda II-ze: arnuvanda I-isa da aSmuniqalis locva arinas mzis Rv- Taebisadmi16;